Genetic mapping in Lilium: mapping of major genes and quantitative trait loci for several ornamental traits and disease resistances     

Arwa Shahin  Paul Arens  Adriaan W. Van Heusden  Gerard Van Der Linden  Martijn Van Kaauwen  Nadeem Khan  Henk J. Schouten  W. Eric Van De Weg  Richard G. F. Visser  Jaap M. Van Tuyl 《Plant Breeding》2011,130(3):372-382

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Cytokinins: permissive role in seed germination   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

A A Khan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,171(974):853-859

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Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Coleman JN  Lotya M  O'Neill A  Bergin SD  King PJ  Khan U  Young K  Gaucher A  De S  Smith RJ  Shvets IV  Arora SK  Stanton G  Kim HY  Lee K  Kim GT  Duesberg GS  Hallam T  Boland JJ  Wang JJ  Donegan JF  Grunlan JC  Moriarty G  Shmeliov A  Nicholls RJ  Perkins JM  Grieveson EM  Theuwissen K  McComb DW  Nellist PD  Nicolosi V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6017):568-571

If they could be easily exfoliated, layered materials would become a diverse source of two-dimensional crystals whose properties would be useful in applications ranging from electronics to energy storage. We show that layered compounds such as MoS(2), WS(2), MoSe(2), MoTe(2), TaSe(2), NbSe(2), NiTe(2), BN, and Bi(2)Te(3) can be efficiently dispersed in common solvents and can be deposited as individual flakes or formed into films. Electron microscopy strongly suggests that the material is exfoliated into individual layers. By blending this material with suspensions of other nanomaterials or polymer solutions, we can prepare hybrid dispersions or composites, which can be cast into films. We show that WS(2) and MoS(2) effectively reinforce polymers, whereas WS(2)/carbon nanotube hybrid films have high conductivity, leading to promising thermoelectric properties.  相似文献   

Antiarthritic gold compounds effectively quench electronically excited singlet oxygen   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

E J Corey  M M Mehrotra  A U Khan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,236(4797):68-69

Although certain gold [Au(I)] compounds have been used effectively in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis for some years, the molecular basis for such therapeutic action has been unclear. One possible mechanism of the action of Au(I) compounds is that they protect unsaturated membrane lipids and proteins against oxidative degradation caused by activated phagocytes that are not properly regulated. In this study it has been shown that superoxide ion (O-2.), a product of activated phagocytes, can be oxidized to electronically excited singlet oxygen (O1(2)delta g), an agent that is capable of peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid derivatives. It has also been shown that antiarthritic Au(I) compounds are effective deactivators of O1(2)delta g with quenching constants on the order of 10(7) M-1 sec-1.  相似文献   

Human muscle phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency: newly discovered metabolic myopathy   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

S DiMauro  A F Miranda  S Khan  K Gitlin  R Friedman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1981,212(4500):1277-1279

Muscle phosphoglycerate mutase activity was decreased (5.7 percent of the lowest control value) in a 52-year-old man with intolerance for strenuous exercise and recurrent pigmenturia since adolescence. All of the other enzymes of glycolysis had normal activities, and glycogen concentration was normal. Electrophoretic, heat lability, and mercury inhibition studies showed that the small residual activity in the patient's muscle was represented by the brain (BB) isoenzyme of phosphoglycerate mutase, suggesting a genetic defect of the M subunit which predominates in normal muscle. The prevalence of the BB isoenzyme in other tissues, including muscle culture, may explain why symptoms were confined to muscle.  相似文献   

Spin conservation accounts for aluminum cluster anion reactivity pattern with O2     

Burgert R  Schnöckel H  Grubisic A  Li X  Stokes ST  Bowen KH  Ganteför GF  Kiran B  Jena P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5862):438-442

The reactivity pattern of small (approximately 10 to 20 atoms) anionic aluminum clusters with oxygen has posed a long-standing puzzle. Those clusters with an odd number of atoms tend to react much more slowly than their even-numbered counterparts. We used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to show that spin conservation straightforwardly accounts for this trend. The reaction rate of odd-numbered clusters increased appreciably when singlet oxygen was used in place of ground-state (triplet) oxygen. Conversely, monohydride clusters AlnH-, in which addition of the hydrogen atom shifts the spin state by converting formerly open-shell structures to closed-shell ones (and vice versa), exhibited an opposing trend: The odd-n hydride clusters reacted more rapidly with triplet oxygen. These findings are supported by theoretical simulations and highlight the general importance of spin selection rules in mediating cluster reactivity.  相似文献   

Sirt5 is a NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Du J  Zhou Y  Su X  Yu JJ  Khan S  Jiang H  Kim J  Woo J  Kim JH  Choi BH  He B  Chen W  Zhang S  Cerione RA  Auwerx J  Hao Q  Lin H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,334(6057):806-809

Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) proteins (sirtuins) are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylases that regulate important biological processes. Mammals have seven sirtuins, Sirt1 to Sirt7. Four of them (Sirt4 to Sirt7) have no detectable or very weak deacetylase activity. We found that Sirt5 is an efficient protein lysine desuccinylase and demalonylase in vitro. The preference for succinyl and malonyl groups was explained by the presence of an arginine residue (Arg(105)) and tyrosine residue (Tyr(102)) in the acyl pocket of Sirt5. Several mammalian proteins were identified with mass spectrometry to have succinyl or malonyl lysine modifications. Deletion of Sirt5 in mice appeared to increase the level of succinylation on carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1, which is a known target of Sirt5. Thus, protein lysine succinylation may represent a posttranslational modification that can be reversed by Sirt5 in vivo.  相似文献   

Estimation of the rootzone depth above a gravel layer (in wild blueberry fields) using electromagnetic induction method     

Fahad S. Khan  Qamar U. Zaman  Young K. Chang  Aitazaz A. Farooque  Arnold W. Schumann  Ali Madani 《Precision Agriculture》2016,17(2):155-167

Wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) fields in the north east Canada are naturally grown in a course textured thin layer of soil and below this layer is a soilless layer of gravel. The root zone depth of this crop varies from 10 to 15 cm. Investigating the depth to the gravel layer below the course textured soil is advantageous, as it affects the water holding capacity of the root zone. Water and nutrient management are the two primary determinants of crop yield and the amount of leaching. The objective of this study was to estimate the depth to the gravel layer using DualEM-2 instrument. A C++ program written in Visual Studio 2010 was used to develop mathematical models for estimating the depth to the gravel layer from the outputs of DualEM-2 sensor. Two wild blueberry fields were selected in central Nova Scotia, Canada to evaluate the performance of DualEM-2 instrument in estimating the rootzone depth above the gravel layer. The mid points of squares created by grid lines were used as the sampling points at each experimental site. The actual depth to the interface was measured manually at selected grid points (n = 50). The apparent ground conductivity (EC_a) values of DualEM-2 were recorded and the depth to the interface was estimated for the same sampling points within the selected fields. The fruit yield samples were also collected from the same grid points to identify the impact of the depth to the gravel layer on crop yield. After calibrations, comprehensive surveys were conducted and the actual and estimated depths to the interface were established. The interpolated maps of fruit yield, and the actual (z_in) and estimated (\( {\text{z}}_{\text{in}}^{*} \)) depths to the interface were created in ArcGIS 10 software. Results indicated that the z_in was significantly correlated with \( {\text{z}}_{\text{in}}^{*} \) for the North River (R ² = 0.73; RMSE = 0.27 m) and the Carmel (R ² = 0.45; RMSE = 0.20 m) sites. Results revealed that the areas with shallow depth to the gravel layer were low yielding, indicating that the variation in the depth to the gravel layer can have an impact on crop productivity. Non-destructive estimations of the depth to the gravel layer can be used to develop erosion control strategies, which will result in an increased crop production.  相似文献   

Effect of tebuconazole-tolerant and plant growth promoting Rhizobium isolate MRP1 on pea–Rhizobium symbiosis     

Munees Ahemad  Mohammad Saghir Khan 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Seed dressing with fungicides adversely affects the structure and function of beneficial soil microbial communities and consequently crop yield. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of technical-grade fungicide tebuconazole on plant growth promoting potentials of tebuconazole-tolerant Rhizobium isolate MRP1. The performance of the isolate MRP1-inoculated pea plants grown in tebuconazole treated soils was also assessed. Generally, the three concentrations [100 (recommended dose), 200 and 300 μg kg⁻¹ soil] of tebuconazole when used alone, adversely affected the growth, symbiosis, grain yield and nutrient uptake by pea plants. Concentration dependent phytotoxicity of tebuconazole was observed for all the measured parameters. On the contrary, fungicide tolerant Rhizobium sp. MRP1 in the presence of fungicide increased the measured parameters at all tested concentrations. As an example, when inoculant MRP1 was also used with 300 μg tebuconazole kg⁻¹ soil, it substantially increased the root nitrogen, shoot nitrogen, root P, shoot P, seed yield and grain protein by 20, 19, 50, 31, 15 and 7%, respectively, when compared with uninoculated plants grown in fungicide-treated soils. The study suggests that the plant growth promoting Rhizobium sp. MRP1 can be used as bacterial inoculant to increase the production of pea in soils polluted with fungicides.  相似文献   

Biological activity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) phytoalexins and selected natural and synthetic Stilbenoids     

Sobolev VS  Khan SI  Tabanca N  Wedge DE  Manly SP  Cutler SJ  Coy MR  Becnel JJ  Neff SA  Gloer JB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1673-1682

The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.), when infected by a microbial pathogen, is capable of producing stilbene-derived compounds that are considered antifungal phytoalexins. In addition, the potential health benefits of other stilbenoids from peanuts, including resveratrol and pterostilbene, have been acknowledged by several investigators. Despite considerable progress in peanut research, relatively little is known about the biological activity of the stilbenoid phytoalexins. This study investigated the activities of some of these compounds in a broad spectrum of biological assays. Since peanut stilbenoids appear to play roles in plant defense mechanisms, they were evaluated for their effects on economically important plant pathogenic fungi of the genera Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Fusarium, and Phomopsis. We further investigated these peanut phytoalexins, together with some related natural and synthetic stilbenoids (a total of 24 compounds) in a panel of bioassays to determine their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities in mammalian cells. Several of these compounds were also evaluated as mammalian opioid receptor competitive antagonists. Assays for adult mosquito and larvae toxicity were also performed. The results of these studies reveal that peanut stilbenoids, as well as related natural and synthetic stilbene derivatives, display a diverse range of biological activities.  相似文献