Methemoglobinemia associated with dermal application of benzocaine cream in a cat     

D A Wilkie  R Kirby 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,192(1):85-86

Benzocaine, an ester-type local anesthetic, was believed responsible for apparent methemoglobinemia in a cat. The cat was admitted with acute respiratory distress, vomiting, and collapse, which began 15 to 20 minutes after topical application of the drug. Treatment consisted of supportive therapy and intravenous administration of methylene blue. The respiratory rate improved within 5 to 10 minutes of methylene blue administration and continued over a period of 2 hours. Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia has been reported in man, dogs, and cats. This report supports the findings of others regarding the potential toxicity of topical ester-type local anesthetics.  相似文献   

Survey of internal parasites in Western Australian pig herds 2. Relationship to anthelmintic usage and parasite control practices     

AR. MERCY  G. de.  CHANEET † Y. EMMS 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(1):6-9

The housing, management and internal parasite control practices used in piggeries in Western Australia was surveyed by interviewing the owner/manager of 100 randomly selected piggeries. At the time of the interview 20 faecal samples were collected from pigs and examined for evidence of internal parasites. Most herds (80%) in which anthelmintics were used, had evidence of nematode infection. Some pig producers were using an anthelmintic that was ineffective against nematode species present while some herds had nematodes that should have been controlled by the anthelmintic being used. Prevalence of nematode infection was higher in pigs run in paddocks than in pigs housed intensively. Washing sows prior to farrowing was associated with a lower prevalence of nematode infection. The findings suggested that pig producers should ensure that the anthelmintic used is effective against the nematodes present in their pigs. It was concluded that administering anthelmintics as a single dose in the feed may not be the most effective method of deworming pigs.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic characterisation of bluetongue viruses from naturally-infected insects, cattle and sheep in Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KA McCOLL  AR GOULD  LI PRITCHARD  L MEL VILLE†  G. BELLIS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(4):102-105

SUMMARY The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of blue-tongue virus (BTV) in a number of clinical and insect samples collected in the Northern Territory of Australia. Sequence analyses of the amplified BTV genes differentiated endemic Australian and exotic viruses. Two potential exotic BTV were detected as a result of PCR analyses of blood from sentinel animals and of the insect vector, Culicoides wadai. The detection of BTV in C wadai was the first direct demonstration of the presence of BTV in this potential vector. This new technology can significantly reduce the time taken for a diagnosis from a clinical sample and increase the amount of useful information obtained on a BTV isolate by using rapid sequencing techniques. Sequence data were used to differentiate between BTV20 isolated in 1975 and two isolates of the same serotype, isolated in 1992, and indicated that the latter were probably a recent incursion into Australia from Indonesia due to their greater VP3 sequence homology to the BTV9 (Java) than to Australian BTV isolates.  相似文献   

Use of imidacloprid-permethrin to prevent transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum from naturally infected Ixodes scapularis ticks to dogs     

Blagburn BL  Spencer JA  Billeter SA  Drazenovich NL  Butler JM  Land TM  Dykstra CC  Stafford KC  Pough MB  Levy SA  Bledsoe DL 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2004,5(3):212-217

One group of eight beagles was treated with a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin 7 days before exposure to Ixodes scapularis ticks that were naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A second group of eight beagles was not treated and was also exposed to infected ticks. Seven of eight non-treated dogs--but none of the treated dogs--developed specific antibodies to A. phagocytophilum. Results of this study indicate that a combination of imidacloprid and permethrin can prevent transmission of A. phagocytophilum to dogs if administered before exposure to infected ticks.  相似文献   

The role of aquaporin 4 in the brain     

Iacovetta C  Rudloff E  Kirby R 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(1):32-44

Emerging evidence suggests that aquaporin (AQP) 4 water channels play an important role in water homeostasis in the brain. These water channels are most abundant in the cell membrane of astrocytes, but are also present within ependymal cell membranes and in osmosensory areas of the hypothalamus. Water transport through AQP4 depends on concentration gradients across the membrane, but the rate of transport is determined by the capacity of astrocytes to up- and down-regulate AQP4 numbers, their location within the membrane, and the overall permeability of the channel. Other functions of brain AQP4 involve potassium uptake and release by astrocytes, migration of glial cells, glial scarring, and astrocyte-to-astrocyte cell communication. AQP water channels are involved in formation and control of edema in the brain and in multiple disease processes in the brain, such as seizures and tumors. There is abundant scientific literature on AQP4 describing its structure, function, location, and role in water homeostasis and edema in the brain. Investigation of AQP expression in the canine and feline brain should be pursued so that clinically relevant comparisons between findings in mice, rats, and people and animal patients can be made.  相似文献   

A Bayesian meta-analysis of the effects of administering an intra-vaginal (CIDR) device in combination with other hormones on the reproductive performance of cycling,anoestrous and inseminated cows     

AR Rabiee  IJ Lean  MA Stevenson 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):384-393

AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment programmes that included controlled internal drug-releasing (CIDR) devices containing progesterone (P4) in improving synchrony of oe- strus, and conception and pregnancy rates in cycling, anoestrous and inseminated dairy cows, using meta-analysis. To describe the difference in response between cycling and anoestrous cows to CIDR-based synchrony programmes.

METHODS: Scientific papers written in the English language between 1989 and 2002 that investigated the effects of treat- ment programmes including CIDR devices on reproductive per- formance in dairy heifers or lactating dairy cows were identified using a computerised literature search. The criteria for inclusion incorporated evidence that treatment allocation was completely randomised; the population studied was lactating dairy cows; and that data were available on submission, conception and pregnancy rates and their associated measures of variability. Re- productive outcomes from 25 synchrony trials (total n= 11,058 cows) were analysed. Summary measures of the effect of treat- ment on reproductive outcome were assessed using fixed- and random-effects Bayesian meta-analysis models.

RESULTS: Treatment programmes including a CIDR device increased the risk of submission in cycling cows (predicted Bayesian RR=2.86, 95% credible interval 1.46–5.67). Compared with controls, synchrony programmes including CIDR devices in cycling dairy cows had no effect on the risk of conception to first service post-treatment (predicted Bayesian RR=1.00, 95% credible interval=0.80-1.24). Compared with controls, synchrony programmes including CIDR devices had no effect on the risk of pregnancy throughout the mating period (pre- dicted Bayesian RR=1.02, 95% credible interval=0.89-1.17). In anoestrous cows, CIDR treatment had no effect on the risk of conception to first service post-treatment and no effect on the risk of pregnancy throughout the mating period, compared with anoestrous, untreated controls (predicted Bayesian RR=0.91 and 0.97, respectively; 95% credible interval=0.68–1.26 and 0.59-1.60, respectively).

CONCLUSION: The results of this meta-analysis showed that synchrony programmes using CIDR devices combined with other hormones reliably enhanced submission rates in lactat- ing dairy cows. The relatively small number of trials with data suitable for analysis and the heterogeneity of results at the indi- vidual trial level limited our ability to confirm either a beneficial or deleterious effect of treatment on conception or pregnancy rates. Further randomised, controlled trials to evaluate the ef- fectiveness of this form of reproductive therapy in commercial dairy farms are needed.  相似文献   

Intraoperative and major postoperative complications and survival of dogs undergoing surgical management of epiglottic retroversion: 50 dogs (2003‐2017)     

Ronan A. Mullins  Bryden J. Stanley  James A. Flanders  Pablo Prez Lpez  Francesco Collivignarelli  Ronan S. Doyle  Riccarda Schuenemann  Gerhard Oechtering  Michele A. Steffey  Victoria J. Lipscomb  Robert J. Hardie  Barbara M. Kirby  Aidan B. McAlinden 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(5):803-819

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Prevalence,radiographic resolution and outcomes of slab fractures of the third and central tarsal bones in juvenile Thoroughbred horses     

CM Steel  VL Collins  SR Hance  AR Adkins  PL Hitchens 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(4):108-115

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Effective plasma alfaxalone concentration to produce immobility in male neutered cats     

Bruno H. Pypendop  Kristine T. Siao  M.G. Ranasinghe  Kirby Pasloske 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(3):269-277

Objective

To determine the effective plasma alfaxalone concentration for the production of immobility in cats.

Study design

Prospective up-and-down study.

Animals

Sixteen 1–2 year old male castrated research cats.

Methods

Cats were instrumented with catheters in a jugular and a medial saphenous vein. Alfaxalone was administered via the medial saphenous catheter, using a target-controlled infusion system. The infusion lasted for approximately 32 minutes. A noxious stimulus (tail clamp) was applied 30 minutes after starting the alfaxalone infusion, until the cat moved or 60 seconds had elapsed, whichever occurred first. The target alfaxalone concentration was set at 5 mg L^?1 in the first cat and increased or decreased by 1 mg L^?1 in subsequent cats, if the previous cat had moved or not moved in response to stimulation, respectively. This was continued until six independent crossovers (different responses in pairs of subsequent cats) had been observed. Blood samples were collected before alfaxalone administration, and 15 and 31 minutes after starting the administration, for the determination of plasma alfaxalone concentration using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The alfaxalone concentration yielding a probability of immobility in 50% (EC₅₀), 95% (EC₉₅) and 99% (EC₉₉) of the population, and their respective 95% Wald confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

The EC₅₀, EC₉₅ and EC₉₉ for alfaxalone-induced immobility were 3.7 (2.4–4.9), 6.2 (4.7–) and 7.6 (5.5–) mg L^?1, respectively.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

The effective plasma alfaxalone concentration for immobility in cats was determined. This value will help in the design of pharmacokinetic-based dosing regimens.  相似文献   

Effect of fentanyl on the induction dose and minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone preventing movement in female dogs     

Katherine Bennett  Reza Seddighi  Kaitlin Moorhead  Kristen Messenger  Sherry Cox  Xiaocun Sun  Kirby Pasloske  Thomas Doherty 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(6):885.e2-885.e3

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