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Amenan Clémentine Kouakou Kouadio Florent N’Guessan No?l Durand Dadie A. Thomas Didier Montet Marcellin Koffi Djè 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(5):1125-1136
The aim of this study was to show and compare the as yet unknown microbiological and biochemical composition of ??adjuevan??, an Ivorian traditional salted fermented fish that is produced by two main processing methods and consumed for its flavor. Method 1 uses the full fish and method 2 uses fish fillets. The pH was around 6 and the major organic acids were acetic and butyric acids in all adjuevan samples. The free amino acid profile varied according to the fermentation method, although the major free amino acids were valine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, ranging in concentration from 101.7 to 745.4?mg/100?g, for both methods. Adjuevan produced using method 1 had the best composition of free amino acids. Lactic acid bacteria counts were between 6.0?×?104 and 2.6?×?105?cfu/g for method 1 and 5.9?×?103 and 2.1?×?104?cfu/g for method 2. Yeasts were detected in all samples. Microbial ecology analysis using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed the presence of more bacterial species than previously reported in fermented fish. Bacterial species varied according to fermentation method. Species such as Staphylococcus xylosus, S. lentus, S. saprophyticus, and Bacillus megaterium were found only in samples produced by method 1, while those of Staphylococcus piscifermentans, Bacillus mycoides, and Corynebacterium xerosis were found only in samples produced by method 2. Using specific primers, we detected several lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacillus, Pedicoccus, Lactcoccus, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc species; the composition these bacteria in adjuevan samples varied according to the preparation method, but were not found to be dominant. We conclude that the molecular PCR-DGGE method can be used to differentiate fermentation methods by LAB profile analysis. A mixture of strains of S. xylosus, S. saprophyticus, S. cohnii, and S. piscifermentans were predominant, and LAB such as L. fermentum, L. lactis, L. pseudomesenteroides, L. raffinolactis, L. lactis subsp cremoris could be potentially beneficial for the specific flavor of each type of adjuevan to be selected as possible starter cultures for the development of a starter culture to improve adjuevan nutritional quality. 相似文献
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Within the framework for searching for new dietary fiber (DF) sources to remedy the increasing shortage of currently available sources, connected to an upsurge of diabetes, colon cancer, and other diverticular diseases in certain Ivorian areas, yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) rind, a byproduct from the juice industry that is available in large quantities, was investigated. The results showed that, as determined by the AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method, the total dietary fiber (TDF) in alcohol-insoluble material (AIM) from yellow passion fruit (YPF) rind was >73% dry matter of which insoluble dietary fiber accounted for >60% (w/w). The determination of DF using the Saeman hydrolysis method revealed that nonstarchy polysaccharides were the predominant components (approximately 70%, w/w), of which cellulose appeared to be the main fraction. The water holding and oil holding capacities of the fiber-rich material were >3 g of water/g of fiber and >4 g of oil/g of fiber, respectively. All these results lead to the conclusion that DF from YPF rind, prepared as AIM, may be suitable to protect against diverticular diseases. 相似文献
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The effect of Mangifera indica stem bark and Pluchea ovalis roots on tracheal smooth muscle in vitro 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Agbonon A Eklu-Gadegbeku K Aklikokou K Essien K Akpagana K Gbeassor M 《Fitoterapia》2002,73(7-8):619-622
Aqueous extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica and ethanolic extract of the roots of Pluchea ovalis has been studied on rat tracheal smooth muscle in vitro. The extract of M. indica at 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml and that of P. ovalis at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml relaxed, dose-dependently, the rat tracheal smooth muscle strip previously contracted by acetylcholine at 0.055 mmol/l. 相似文献
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Koffi Badou-Jeremie Kouame Thomas R. Butts Rodrigo Werle William G. Johnson 《Pest management science》2023,79(2):857-869
BACKGROUND
Regulations in 2021 required the addition of a volatility reduction agent (VRA) to dicamba spray mixtures for postemergence weed control. Understanding the impact of VRAs on weed control, droplet dynamics, and spray pH is essential.RESULTS
Adding glyphosate to dicamba decreased the solution pH by 0.63 to 1.85 units. Across locations, potassium carbonate increased the tank-mixture pH by 0.85 to 1.65 units while potassium acetate raised the pH by 0.46 to 0.53 units. Glyphosate and dicamba in tank-mixture reduced Palmer amaranth control by 14 percentage points compared to dicamba alone and decreased barnyardgrass control by 12 percentage points compared to glyphosate alone 4 weeks after application (WAA). VRAs resulted in a 5-percentage point reduction in barnyardgrass control 4 WAA. Common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and giant ragweed control were unaffected by herbicide solution 4 WAA. Dicamba alone produced a larger average droplet size and had the fewest driftable fines (% volume < 200 μm). Potassium acetate produced a larger droplet size than potassium carbonate for Dv0.1 and Dv0.5. The addition of glyphosate to dicamba decreased droplet size from the entire spray droplet spectrum (Dv0.1, Dv0.5, Dv0.9).CONCLUSION
A reduction in spray pH, droplet size, and weed control was observed from mixing dicamba and glyphosate. It may be advisable to avoid tank-mixtures of these herbicides and instead, apply them sequentially to maximize effectiveness. VRAs differed in their impacts on spray solution pH and droplet dynamics, but resulted in a minimal negative to no impact on weed control. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献26.
Diallo A Gbeassor M Vovor A Eklu-Gadegbeku K Aklikokou K Agbonon A Abena AA de Souza C Akpagana K 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(5):332-336
Traditional oral report indicates that Tectona grandis is used in the treatment of anaemia in Togo. For this purpose, the extract of T. grandis leaves is evaluated on anaemia model of rat induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 40 mg/kg for 2 days. Oral administration of T. grandis extract at 1 g/kg/day and 2 g/kg/day, to the rats previously treated with phenylhydrazine, increased the concentration of haemoglobin, red blood cells number, haematocrit and reticulocytes rate. Moreover, the extract of T. grandis enhanced the osmotic resistance of the red blood cells that confirm the important presence of young red blood cells. These results support partially the traditional use of T. grandis in the treatment of anaemia. 相似文献
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Satellite monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in northern Togo protected areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fousseni Folega Chun-yu Zhang Xiu-hai Zhao Kperkouma Wala Komlan Batawila Hua-guo Huang Marra Dourma Koffi Akpagana 《林业研究》2014,25(2):385-392
Remote-sensing data for protected areas in northern Togo, obtained in three different years （2007, 2000, and 1987）, were used to assess and map changes in land cover and land use for this drought prone zone. The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） was applied to the images to map changes in vegetation. An unsupervised classification, followed by classes recoding, filtering, identifications, area computing and post-classification process were applied to the composite of the three years of NDVI images. Maximum likelihood classification was applied to the 2007 image （ETM＋2007） using a supervised classification process. Seven vegetation classes were defined from training data sets. The seven classes included the following biomes： riparian forest, dry forest, flooded vegetation, wooded savanna, fallows, parkland, and water. For these classes, the overall accuracy and the overall kappa statistic for the classi- fied map were 72.5% and 0.67, respectively. Data analyses indicated a great change in land resources; especially between 1987 and 2000 proba- bly due to the impact of democratization process social, economic, and political disorder from 1990. Wide-scale loss of vegetation occurred during this period. However, areas of vegetation clearing and regrowth were more visible between 2000 and 2007. The main source of confusion in the contingency matrix was due to heterogeneity within certain classes. It could also be due to spectral homogeneity among the classes. This research provides a baseline for future ecological landscape research and for the next management program in the area. 相似文献
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E. Couacy-Hymann S.C. Bodjo M.Y. Koffi C. Kouakou T. Danho 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):332-335
Goats were infected subcutaneously with different African and Indian isolates of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus. Typical signs of disease were recorded from day 6 post infection for all isolates. Ocular, nasal and mouth samples were tested for the presence of virus antigen or nucleic acid using the immunocapture ELISA (ICE) and the RT-PCR technique. Using ICE, virus antigen was detected at day 4 in ocular and nasal samples of goats infected with Côte-d’Ivoire 89 and in the ocular, nasal and mouth samples with the India, Calcutta strains. By day 5, all samples from both these groups were positive while ocular and nasal samples from groups with Sudan-Sennar and Nigeria 75/1 strains became positive. With the RT-PCR technique virus nucleic acid, presumed to be associated with infectious virus excretion, was detected at day 3 in oral and nasal samples in groups infected with Côte-d’Ivoire 89 and India-Calcutta strains. From day 6–9, all samples from all groups were positive with both techniques. This experiment demonstrated that PPR virus antigens and nucleic acid, presumed to be related to infectious virus, is excreted 2–3 days before the appearance of clinical signs whatever the technique used which is of epidemiological importance in controlling the spread of the disease. The ICE being easier to perform in developing countries can be recommended as a useful method to investigate PPR in small ruminants flocks at an early stage to prevent the diffusion of the disease. 相似文献
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Effect of roasting conditions on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in ground Arabica coffee and coffee brew 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Houessou JK Maloug S Leveque AS Delteil C Heyd B Camel V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9719-9726
Roasting is a critical process in coffee production as it enables the development of flavor and aroma. At the same time, roasting may lead to the formation of nondesirable compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, Arabica green coffee beans from Cuba were roasted under controlled conditions to monitor PAH formation during the roasting process. Roasting was performed in a pilot spouted bed roaster, with the inlet air temperature varying from 180 to 260 degrees C, using both dark (20 min) and light (5 min) roasting conditions. Several PAHs were determined in both roasted coffee samples and green coffee samples. Also, coffee brews, obtained using an electric coffee maker, were analyzed for final estimation of PAH transfer coefficients to the infusion. Formation of phenanthrene, anthracene, and benzo[a]anthracene in coffee beans was observed at temperatures above 220 degrees C, whereas formation of pyrene and chrysene required 260 degrees C. Low levels of benzo[g,h,i]perylene were also noted for dark roasting under 260 degrees C, with simultaneous partial degradation of three-cycle PAHs, suggesting that transformation of low molecular PAHs to high molecular PAHs occurs as the roasting degree is increased. The PAH transfer to the infusion was quite moderate (<35%), with a slightly lower extractability for dark-roasted coffee as compared to light-roasted coffee. 相似文献