Gene-specific sex-linked genetic markers in date palm (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoenix dactylifera</Emphasis> L.)     

Hoda Badry Mohammed Ali  Adam Abubakari  Martin Wiehle  Konstantin V. Krutovsky

《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(1):1-10

During the past decade, there have been numerous attempts to identify sex-linked molecular genetic markers that can be used to discriminate among male and female trees in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). In our approach to address this biological problem, we applied a comparative genomics approach and used a candidate sex-linked Tormozembryo Defective (TOZ19) gene found to be male-specific in aspen. Using BLAST against the date palm genome assembly, we found a putative Transducin Beta-like Protein 3 (TBL3) gene in date palm that was highly homologous to the TOZ19 gene and sequenced it in three male and four female trees from four economically important date palm cultivars from Egypt. Based on the obtained multiple nucleotide sequence alignments, male- and female-specific date palm haplotypes were identified by screening single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Subsequently, a respective gene fragment in additional five date palm samples comprising three females and two males were cloned and sequenced to independently confirm the previously identified putative sex-linked SNPs. The three putative sex-linked SNPs can be used now to discriminate male and female date palms at their seedling stage. This will further enhance and pave the way for commercial date palm cultivation through seeds. The identified molecular markers are relatively easy, cheap, fast, and reproducible sex identification tools. Female date palms are either homozygous or heterozygous, while male date palms are hemizygous at the putative sex-linked loci.  相似文献   

Morphological and genetic diversity of shea tree (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitellaria paradoxa</Emphasis>) in the savannah regions of Ghana     

Issaka Abdulai  Konstantin V. Krutovsky 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(6):1253-1268

Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn., commonly known as shea tree or Vitellaria, is ranked the most important tree species of the savannah regions in the most African countries due to its ecological and economic importance for livelihoods and national economies. However, the savannah regions are the most vulnerable areas to the global climate change. Moreover, the Vitellaria populations on farmlands are threatened by the dominance of old trees with low or lack of regeneration. In this study both morphological and genetic diversity were assessed using several phenotypic traits and 10 microsatellite markers, respectively, to assess the impact of land use and agro-ecozone types on Vitellaria in Ghana. The land use types were forests and farmlands, and the agro-ecozone types included the Transitional, Guinea, and Sudan savannah zones. The mean values of morphological traits, such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and canopy diameter (CD), were statistically different between forest (DBH = 22.20, CD = 5.37) and farmland (DBH = 39.85 CD = 7.49) populations (P < 0.00001). The Sudan savannah zone with mean petiole length of 4.96 cm showed significant difference from the other zones, likely as a result of adaptation to drier climate conditions. Genetic data analysis was based on 10 microsatellite markers and revealed high genetic diversity of Vitellaria in Ghana: mean expected heterozygosity, H _e was 0.667, and allelic richness, measured as number of effective alleles A _e , was 4.066. Both farmlands and forests were very diverse indicating lack of negative influence of farmer’s selection on genetic diversity. Fixation index was positive for all populations (mean F _IS = 0.136) with farmlands recording relatively higher values than forests in all ecological zone types studied, probably indicating less gene flow in the farmlands. Moderate differentiation (F′ _ST = 0.113) was comparable to other similar tree species. Both land use and ecological zone types influenced genetic differentiation of Vitellaria at varying levels. The species was spatially structured across three ecozones and following climatic gradient. The forest reserves are used in situ conservation for Vitellaria in Ghana. High diversity observed in the most arid zones provides opportunity to find and use appropriate plant materials for breeding climate change resilient trees.  相似文献   

The use of trichlormetaphos-3 in hypodermatosis     

V I Ternovo?  A S Popov 《Veterinariia》1966,43(1):43-44

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Infectious epididymitis in rams     

Kh Rashev  I Gelev  T Popov 《Veterinariia》1969,46(1):116-117

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Etiologic and pathomorphologic parallels in chlamydial abortion in sheep     

S P Martinov  G V Popov  C Schoilew 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1988,95(3):114-116

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Antigen specific immunological responses of badgers (Meles meles) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lesellier S  Corner L  Costello E  Sleeman P  Lyashchenko K  Greenwald R  Esfandiari J  Singh M  Hewinson RG  Chambers M  Gormley E 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,122(1-2):35-45

European badgers (Meles meles) are considered to be an important reservoir of infection for Mycobacterium bovis and are implicated in the transmission of tuberculosis to cattle in Ireland and Great Britain. Accurate tests are required for tuberculosis surveillance in badger populations and to provide a basis for the development of strategies, including vaccination, to reduce the incidence of the infection. In this study, we have developed an endobronchial M. bovis infection model in badgers in which we measured cell-mediated immune and serological responses for up to 24 weeks post-infection. Groups of badgers were subjected to necropsy at 6-week intervals and the gross lesion severity status compared with immune responses measured in blood samples taken throughout the course of the study. The panel of antigens included bovine and avian tuberculins (PPD) as well as single antigens, ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB70, Rv3019c, Rv3873, Rv3878 and Rv3879, all known to be recognised by the immune system in other animal models of tuberculosis infection. Our results demonstrated that M. bovis infected badgers responded to specific antigens as early as 6 weeks post-infection, consistent with the presence of visible lesions. The data also revealed unique patterns of antigen recognition with high levels of PBMC proliferation in the presence of CFP-10 but low proliferation levels with ESAT-6. Using a multi-antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), we were able to confirm that MPB83 is the dominant antigen recognised by serum antibodies in infected badgers.  相似文献   

The Asian‐Melanesian bambusicolous genus Myriodiscus is related to the genus Tympanis,the North American‐European tree pathogen     

Luis Quijada  James K. Mitchell  Eugene Popov  Donald H. Pfister 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(4)

Species of Tympanis are well‐known pathogens in Holarctic forests, but we know little about their relationship to other genera in Tympanidaceae. The genus Myriodiscus, remarkable macroscopically and a possible pathogen on bamboo, has a complicated taxonomic history and has not been conclusively placed phylogenetically. Species of Myriodiscus have been described under two other generic names, Ascotremellopsis and Gelatinomyces, the latter being related to the pathogenic genus Collophorina. There has been no formal synonymy of these three bambusicolous genera or agreement on their systematic positions. We combine accurate micromorphology and DNA sequence data to show the link between Tympanis and Myriodiscus and reveal previously unrecognized features of the latter. These two genera show a type of ascus development unique in the Leotiomycetes. With this new data, we have resolved past confusions over the identity of these fungi, determined their systematic position and have proposed the proper synonymies for Myriodiscus sparassoides and one new combination (M. conus).  相似文献   

Chemodestructive fractionation of soil organic matter     

A. I. Popov  A. V. Rusakov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2016,49(6):606-612

The method of chemodestructive fractionation is suggested to assess the composition of soil organic matter. This method is based on determination of the resilience of soil organic matter components and/or different parts of organic compounds to the impact of oxidizing agents. For this purpose, a series of solutions with similar concentration of the oxidant (K₂Cr₂O₇), but with linearly increasing oxidative capacity was prepared. Chemodestructive fractionation showed that the portion of easily oxidizable (labile) organic matter in humus horizons of different soil types depends on the conditions of soil formation. It was maximal in hydromorphic soils of the taiga zone and minimal in automorphic soils of the dry steppe zone. The portion of easily oxidizable organic matter in arable soils increased with an increase in the rate of organic fertilizers application. The long-lasting agricultural use of soils and burying of the humus horizons within the upper one-meter layer resulted in the decreasing content of easily oxidizable organic matter. It was found that the portion of easily oxidizable organic matter decreases by the mid-summer or fall in comparison with the spring or early summer period.  相似文献   

Environmental processes driving anchovy and sardine distribution in a highly variable environment: the role of the coastal structure and riverine input          下载免费PDF全文

A. Bonanno  M. Barra  G. Basilone  S. Genovese  P. Rumolo  S. Goncharov  S. Popov  B. Buongiorno Nardelli  D. Iudicone  G. Procaccini  S. Aronica  B. Patti  G. Giacalone  R. Ferreri  I. Fontana  G. Tranchida  S. Mangano  M. Pulizzi  A. Gargano  A. Di Maria  S. Mazzola 《Fisheries Oceanography》2016,25(5):471-490

Engraulis encrasicolus and Sardina pilchardus stocks are highly variable in terms of recruitment, biomass and spatial distribution. Changes in habitat conditions may influence both the survival of the early life stages and the adult stages. Detailed studies on the spatial distribution and habitat selection of such species have been performed in different areas of the world, highlighting the importance of environmental processes. The present study analyzes the spatial distribution of anchovy and sardine in the Tyrrhenian Sea in relation to environmental heterogeneity. Four acoustic surveys were carried out in this area in the period 2009–2014. Analysis of the environmental dataset permitted identification, in two specific areas, of a pattern of variables driving enrichment processes and impacting on the habitat suitability of the two species. In the northern and central parts of the study area, both anchovy and sardine showed a marked preference for shallower areas characterized by lower salinity. In these areas, PCA results on an environmental dataset highlighted a strong link between primary production, particulate organic carbon, distance from the mouth of the river, salinity and depth. A less clear picture was obtained for the southern part of the Tyrrhenian sea, characterized by a narrow continental shelf, moderately complex coastline morphology and the presence of very small rivers. Most of the anchovy biomass was found to be located in enclosed areas (gulfs) under the influence of relatively small rivers. This finding, taking into account that the surveys were carried out during the anchovy spawning period, highlights for such species a positive effect of the interaction between coastal morphology and riverine input, probably favoring food supply and retention of spawning products.  相似文献   

Characterization and Biocompatibility Properties In Vitro of Gel Beads Based on the Pectin and κ-Carrageenan     

Sergey Popov  Nikita Paderin  Daria Khramova  Elizaveta Kvashninova  Anatoliy Melekhin  Fedor Vityazev 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

This study aimed to investigate the influence of kappa (κ)-carrageenan on the initial stages of the foreign body response against pectin gel. Pectin-carrageenan (P-Car) gel beads were prepared from the apple pectin and κ-carrageenan using gelling with calcium ions. The inclusion of 0.5% κ-carrageenan (Car0.5) in the 1.5 (P1.5) and 2% pectin (P2) gel formulations decreased the gel strength by 2.5 times. Car0.5 was found to increase the swelling of P2 gel beads in the cell culture medium. P2 gel beads adsorbed 30–42 mg/g of bovine serum albumin (BSA) depending on pH. P2-Car0.2, P2-Car0.5, and P1.5-Car0.5 beads reduced BSA adsorption by 3.1, 5.2, and 4.0 times compared to P2 beads, respectively, at pH 7. The P1.5-Car0.5 beads activated complement and induced the haemolysis less than gel beads of pure pectin. Moreover, P1.5-Car0.5 gel beads allowed less adhesion of mouse peritoneal macrophages, TNF-α production, and NF-κB activation than the pure pectin gel beads. There were no differences in TLR4 and ICAM-1 levels in macrophages treated with P and P-Car gel beads. P2-Car0.5 hydrogel demonstrated lower adhesion to serous membrane than P2 hydrogel. Thus, the data obtained indicate that the inclusion of κ-carrageenan in the apple pectin gel improves its biocompatibility.  相似文献