Soil CO2 emission,microbial biomass,and microbial respiration of woody and grassy areas in Moscow (Russia)     

Sushko  Sofia  Ananyeva  Nadezhda  Ivashchenko  Kristina  Vasenev  Vyacheslav  Kudeyarov  Valeriy 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(8):3217-3225

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Urbanization significantly changes the carbon balance of the terrestrial ecosystem, an important component of which is soil CO2 emission. One of the main sources of...  相似文献   

Molecular evaluation of five cardiac genes in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy     

Meurs KM  Hendrix KP  Norgard MM 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(8):1050-1053

OBJECTIVE: To sequence the exonic and splice site regions of 5 cardiac genes associated with the human form of familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Doberman Pinschers with DCM and to identify a causative mutation. ANIMALS: 5 unrelated Doberman Pinschers with DCM and 2 unaffected Labrador Retrievers (control dogs). PROCEDURES: Exonic and splice site regions of the 5 genes encoding the cardiac proteins troponin C, lamin A/C, cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 3, cardiac troponin T, and the beta-myosin heavy chain were sequenced. Sequences were compared for nucleotide changes between affected dogs and the published canine sequences and 2 control dogs. Base pair changes were considered to be causative for DCM if they were present in an affected dog but not in the control dogs or published sequences and if they involved a conserved amino acid and changed that amino acid to a different polarity, acid-base status, or structure. RESULTS: A causative mutation for DCM in Doberman Pinschers was not identified, although single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in some dogs in the cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 3, beta-myosin heavy chain, and troponin T genes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Mutations in 5 of the cardiac genes associated with the development of DCM in humans did not appear to be causative for DCM in Doberman Pinschers. Continued evaluation of additional candidate genes or a focused approach with an association analysis is warranted to elucidate the molecular cause of this important cardiac disease in Doberman Pinschers.  相似文献   

Identification and quantification of domestic feline cytochrome P450 transcriptome across multiple tissues     

Marike Visser  Kristina L. Weber  Leslie A. Lyons  Gonzalo Rincon  Dawn M. Boothe  Dawn A. Merritt 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(1):7-15

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Systems analysis of voluntary reported anaesthetic safety incidents occurring in a university teaching hospital     

Matthew W. McMillan  Kristina S. Lehnus 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):3-12

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Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster larvae,Homarus gammarus,reared on dry feed and conspecifics          下载免费PDF全文

Adam Powell  James Hinchcliffe  Kristina Sundell  Nils‐Gunnar Carlsson  Susanne P. Eriksson 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5300-5310

A bottleneck of crustacean larval culture concerns nutrition and associated cannibalism in communal rearing systems, which impact on larval survival, development and growth. For early‐stage European lobster, Homarus gammarus larvae, feeding ecology and body composition are largely unknown. We initiated four progressive feeding experiments (novel feed types, feeding regime and feed size and cannibalism effects) on growth and survival, to inform and update husbandry protocols. Performance of larvae offered a dry commercial feed was not significantly different compared with a conventional wet plankton feed of the same ration and size grade (both within 600–1,000 μm). Further experiments found that the same ration of dry feed offered six times daily improved development and growth, over the conventional regime of three times daily. Small‐grade dry feed (particles: 250–360 μm) improved larval performance compared with a larger feed (360–650 μm). Larvae were also fed different proportions of dry feed and/or conspecifics in both communal and individual rearing systems (the latter preventing cannibalism via segregation). Individually reared larvae, fed only dead conspecifics, displayed the greatest survival (80%) to postlarvae. This underlines the impact of cannibalism on survival and nutrition in H. gammarus larviculture. A final experiment analysed H. gammarus zoea 1 composition, identifying deficiencies in ash and carbohydrate in lobster feeds. This suggests a need for a species‐specific, formulated dry feed for H. gammarus larviculture. Our research represents the first investigation of H. gammarus larval composition and dietary requirements and highlights decreased growth potential associated with providing nutrition solely from generic commercial feed.  相似文献   

The influence of fertilization and rotation on soil organic matter and plant yields in the long‐term Eternal Rye trial in Halle (Saale), Germany     

Lothar Schmidt  Kristina Warnstorff  Hannelore Drfel  Peter Leinweber  Henning Lange  Wolfgang Merbach 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(6):639-648

Six forms of fertilizers and three rotations have been examined for 120 years in the ”︁Eternal Rye trial” in Halle (central German arid region, Haplic Phaeozem on sandy loess). Rank analysis, trend analysis and a new component model have been found to be suitable statistical methods to evaluate long‐term results without true replications. In this trial it was shown that mineral fertilization maintains like farmyard manuring the yield potential although at lower content of soil organic matter (SOM). Without fertilization, yield decline was greater with potato and silage maize than winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Deficiencies in N fertilization lead immediately, and in PK supply after more than 20 years, to a significant yield decrease which could be quickly compensated by full fertilization. Rye and maize monocultures also resulted in yield decreases. The establishing of new steady states in the turnover of SOM took about 50 years after changes in fertilization. Contrary to rye monoculture, both silage maize monoculture and potato alternating with winter rye caused considerable decomposition of SOM. According to analytical pyrolysis (Py‐FIMS and Py‐GC/MS), fertilization affects the SOM composition more than rotation. Without fertilization, a higher percentage of thermically stable SOM remained in comparison to the FYM soils. The introduction of potato into the rotation enhanced the content of easily decomposable SOM.  相似文献   

Influence of larval transport and temperature on recruitment dynamics of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua) across spatial scales of observation     

Giovanni Romagnoni  Kristina ie Kvile  Knut‐Frode Dagestad  Anne Maria Eikeset  Trond Kristiansen  Nils Chr. Stenseth   ystein Langangen 《Fisheries Oceanography》2020,29(4):324-339

The survival of fish eggs and larvae, and therefore recruitment success, can be critically affected by transport in ocean currents. Combining a model of early‐life stage dispersal with statistical stock–recruitment models, we investigated the role of larval transport for recruitment variability across spatial scales for the population complex of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua). By using a coupled physical–biological model, we estimated the egg and larval transport over a 44‐year period. The oceanographic component of the model, capable of capturing the interannual variability of temperature and ocean current patterns, was coupled to the biological component, an individual‐based model (IBM) that simulated the cod eggs and larvae development and mortality. This study proposes a novel method to account for larval transport and success in stock–recruitment models: weighting the spawning stock biomass by retention rate and, in the case of multiple populations, their connectivity. Our method provides an estimate of the stock biomass contributing to recruitment and the effect of larval transport on recruitment variability. Our results indicate an effect, albeit small, in some populations at the local level. Including transport anomaly as an environmental covariate in traditional stock–recruitment models in turn captures recruitment variability at larger scales. Our study aims to quantify the role of larval transport for recruitment across spatial scales, and disentangle the roles of temperature and larval transport on effective connectivity between populations, thus informing about the potential impacts of climate change on the cod population structure in the North Sea.  相似文献   

Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster Homarus gammarus post‐larva reared on novel feeds     

James Hinchcliffe  Adam Powell  Markus Langeland  Aleksandar Vidakovic  Ingrid Undeland  Kristina Sundell  Susanne P. Eriksson 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):102-113

One approach to ongrow juvenile European lobster, Homarus gammarus, is to utilize land based rearing systems, incorporating automated feeding, individual culture and provision of stable pelleted feeds, preferably using sustainable ingredients. We initiated three feeding experiments to investigate the general suitability of ingredients produced from seafood by‐products as novel feeds for H. gammarus, in terms of promoting survival, development and growth of post‐larval lobsters from post‐larvae (PL) stage IV to the first juvenile stage (stage V). The first experiment was designed to screen an array of candidate, locally produced, novel protein sources on growth performance parameters. This initial experiment revealed that PL reared on a raw (i.e. wet, unprocessed shrimp) feed used as a reference showed superior performance to those reared on experimental feeds containing fishmeal, herring protein isolate or mussel meal; however, a novel type of shrimp meal, produced by flocculation from waste water, promoted the best PL performance of any experimental feed. A second experiment was designed to test the effect of drying method and to optimize the form of a wet shrimp reference feed used by lobster hatcheries. This showed that the performance of PL reared on experimental freeze‐dried shrimp feed was not significantly different to those reared on the wet, unprocessed shrimp used as a reference feed. However, lobsters offered experimental oven‐dried shrimp feed (with or without an immune supplement) resulted in significantly lower survival or growth performance. A third and final experiment was designed in an attempt to improve a candidate herring‐based protein source, by supplementing with nutrients found in shrimp. However, the results showed that PL reared on the wet reference shrimp feed still showed superior growth and survival than those reared on a herring feed alone, or supplemented with additives found in shrimp meal (either glucosamine, astaxanthin or both supplements combined). The high survival and growth, low incidence of moulting problems and high availability of waste shrimp material, suggest that non‐heat‐treated shrimp products are a promising feed ingredient for post‐larval European lobsters.  相似文献   

Infectious agent detections in archived Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) samples from British Columbia,Canada (1985–94)     

Krishna K. Thakur  Raphaël Vanderstichel  Karia Kaukinen  Omid Nekouei  Emilie Laurin  Kristina M. Miller 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(4):533-547

In response to concerns that novel infectious agents were introduced through the movement of eggs as Atlantic salmon aquaculture developed in British Columbia (BC), Canada, we estimated the prevalence of infectious agents in archived return‐migrating Sockeye salmon, from before and during aquaculture expansion in BC (1985–94). Of 45 infectious agents assessed through molecular assays in 652 samples, 23 (7 bacterial, 2 viral and 14 parasitic) were detected in liver tissue from six regions in BC. Prevalence ranged from 0.005 to 0.83 and varied significantly by region and year. Agent diversity ranged from 0 to 12 per fish (median 4), with the lowest diversity observed in fish from the Trans‐Boundary and Central Coast regions. Agents known to be endemic in Sockeye salmon in BC, including Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, Ceratonova shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis, were commonly observed. Others, such as Kudoa thyrsites and Piscirikettsia salmonis, were also detected. Surprisingly, infectious agents described only recently in BC salmon, Ca. Branchiomonas cysticola, Parvicapsula pseudobranchicola and Paranucleospora theridion, were also detected, indicating their potential presence prior to the expansion of the aquaculture industry. In general, our data suggest that agent distributions may not have substantially changed because of the salmon aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

Repair scars preserve decadal‐scale patterns of predation intensity despite short‐term ecological disturbances     

Carrie L. Tyler  Darrin J. Molinaro  Steven E. Mendonca  Chris L. Schneider  Kristina Barclay  Lindsey R. Leighton 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(12):2018-2025