The potential of somatic hybridization in crop breeding     

Sylvia Waara  Kristina Glimelius 《Euphytica》1995,85(1-3):217-233

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Optimization of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of the plant lignans secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, and pinoresinol in foods     

Milder IE  Arts IC  Venema DP  Lasaroms JJ  Wähälä K  Hollman PC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(15):4643-4651

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of the four major enterolignan precursors [secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, and pinoresinol] in foods. The method consists of alkaline methanolic extraction, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis using Helix pomatia (H. pomatia) beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase. H. pomatia was selected from several enzymes based on its ability to hydrolyze isolated lignan glucosides. After ether extraction samples were analyzed and quantified against secoisolariciresinol-d8 and matairesinol-d6. The method was optimized using model products: broccoli, bread, flaxseed, and tea. The yield of methanolic extraction increased up to 81%, when it was combined with alkaline hydrolysis. Detection limits were 4-10 microg/(100 g dry weight) for solid foods and 0.2-0.4 microg/(100 mL) for beverages. Within- and between-run coefficients of variation were 6-21 and 6-33%, respectively. Recovery of lignans added to model products was satisfactory (73-123%), except for matairesinol added to bread (51-55%).  相似文献   

Compositional equivalence of insect-protected glyphosate-tolerant soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 to conventional soybean extends across different world regions and multiple growing seasons     

Berman KH  Harrigan GG  Nemeth MA  Oliveira WS  Berger GU  Tagliaferro FS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11643-11651

The soybean product MON 87701 × MON 89788 expresses both the cry1Ac gene derived from Bacillus thuringiensis and the cp4 epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene derived from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4. Each biotechnology-derived trait confers specific benefits of insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance, respectively. The purpose of this study was to compare the composition of seed and forage from this combined-trait product to those of conventional soybean grown in geographically and climatically distinct regions. Field trials were conducted in the United States during the 2007 growing season, in Argentina during the 2007-2008 growing season, and in the northern and southern soybean regions of Brazil during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. Results demonstrated that the compositional equivalence of MON 87701 × MON 89788 to the conventional soybean extended across all regions and growing seasons. Further evaluation of the data showed that natural variation (region and growing season) contributed more to compositional variability in soybean, particularly for such components as isoflavones, fatty acids, and vitamin E, than transgene insertion.  相似文献   

Compositional variability in conventional and glyphosate-tolerant soybean (Glycine max L.) varieties grown in different regions in Brazil     

Zhou J  Berman KH  Breeze ML  Nemeth MA  Oliveira WS  Braga DP  Berger GU  Harrigan GG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11652-11656

The compositions of a diverse range of commercially available conventional and genetically modified (GM; glyphosate-tolerant) soybean varieties from maturity groups 8 and 5, respectively, grown in the northern and southern soybean regions of Brazil during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons were compared. Compositional analyses included measurement of essential macro- and micronutrients, antinutrients, and selected secondary metabolites in harvested seed as well as measurement of proximates in both forage and harvested seed. Statistical comparisons utilized a mixed analysis of variance model to evaluate the relative contributions of growing season, soybean growing region, production site, phenotype (GM or conventional), and variety. The study highlighted extensive variability in the overall data set particularly for components such as fatty acids, vitamin E, and isoflavones. There were few differences between the GM and non-GM populations, and most of the variability in the data set could be attributed to regional and variety differences. Overall, the results were consistent with the expanding literature on the lack of any meaningful impact of transgene insertion on crop composition.  相似文献   

Literature search strategies to comply with institutional animal care and use committee review requirements     

Nesdill D  Adams KM 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2011,38(2):150-156

Under the US Animal Welfare Act, principal investigators who propose to use animals in their research must demonstrate that they have considered alternatives to potentially painful or distressful procedures when submitting applications to Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs). IACUCs requires that applicants conduct a current literature search to determine if alternatives are available to substitute the proposed animal use and, if the proposed study involves pain or distress, that more humane procedures, as they are described in the literature, be considered. This paper suggests literature search strategies that can be considered for use in order to comply with this IACUC requirement.  相似文献   

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy tube placement in healthy dogs and cats     

Jergens AE  Morrison JA  Miles KG  Silverman WB 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(1):18-24

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Clinical findings in early onset cone-rod dystrophy in the Standard Wire-haired Dachshund     

Ropstad EO  Bjerkås E  Narfström K 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2007,10(2):69-75

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical findings and the age of onset of cone-rod dystrophy (crd) in the Standard Wire-haired Dachshund (SWHD) and to evaluate which clinical tests could be used to obtain a reliable diagnosis. ANIMALS: Sixty-eight SWHD and SWHD-derived dogs were used, including 23 affected with crd and 45 controls, respectively. PROCEDURES: The dogs were subjected to behavioral testing, examination of pupillary light reflexes (PLRs), indirect ophthalmoscopy and bilateral full field electroretinography (ERG). RESULTS: The majority of affected puppies (5-10 weeks) displayed pin-point sized pupils upon examination with focal light. All dogs in the control group, except one, displayed normal PLRs upon examination. In all crd-affected dogs there was a great variation both in age of onset and in clinical appearance of retinal changes upon fundoscopy. Two siblings displayed panretinal degeneration at the age of 10 months while other affected dogs showed early changes at the age of 3 years. Generalized bilateral retinal atrophy was the end stage of the disease. The maze test revealed no obvious differences among affected and unaffected groups. ERG recordings showed only slightly reduced rod, and mixed rod-cone responses, but severely reduced cone single flash a- and b-wave amplitudes, and cone flicker amplitudes were observed in all affected dogs. CONCLUSION: Presence of pin-point sized pupils in young SWHDs was found to be an important indicator of early onset crd. Fundoscopic changes and progression of disease at later stages resembled those previously described in the majority of progressive retinal atrophies in dog. ERG was found to be the most reliable diagnostic procedure to clinically diagnose crd in the SWHD.  相似文献   

24-h sheltering behaviour of individually kept horses during Swedish summer weather     

Elke Hartmann  Richard J Hopkins  Claudia von Br?mssen  Kristina Dahlborn 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2015,57(1)

Background

Provision of shelter for horses kept on summer pasture is rarely considered in welfare guidelines, perhaps because the benefits of shelter in warm conditions are poorly documented scientifically. For cattle, shade is a valued resource during summer and can mitigate the adverse effects of warm weather on well-being and performance. We found in a previous study that horses utilized shelters frequently in summer. A shelter with a roof and closed on three sides (shelter A) was preferred and can reduce insect pressure whereas a shelter with roof and open on three sides was not utilized. However, shelter A restricts the all-round view of a horse, which may be important for horses as flight animals. Therefore, we studied whether a shelter with roof, where only the upper half of the rear wall was closed (shelter B), would be utilized while maintaining insect protection properties and satisfying the horses’ sense for security. A third shelter was offered with walls but no roof (shelter C) to evaluate whether the roof itself is an important feature from the horse’s perspective. Eight Warmblood horses were tested each for 2 days, kept individually for 24 h in two paddocks with access to shelters A and B, or shelters A and C, respectively. Shelter use was recorded continuously during the night (1800–2400 h, 0200–0600 h) and the following day (0900–1600 h), and insect defensive behaviour (e.g., tail swish) in instantaneous scan samples at 5-min intervals during daytime.

Results

Seven horses used both shelters A and B, but when given the choice between shelters A and C, shelter C was scarcely visited. There was no difference in duration of shelter use between night (105.8 ± 53.6 min) and day (100.8 ± 53.8, P = 0.829). Daytime shelter use had a significant effect on insect defensive behaviours (P = 0.027). The probability of performing these behaviours was lowest when horses used shelter A compared to being outside (P = 0.038).

Conclusions

Horses only utilized shelters with a roof whilst a shelter with roof and closed on three sides had the best potential to lower insect disturbance during daytime in summer.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Urine crystals in a dog          下载免费PDF全文

Kristina Meichner  Sandra A. Olsson  Danielle R. Stewart  Margaret L. Musser  Carol B. Grindem 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2015,44(4):613-614

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Reflectance colorimetry as a simple method for estimating carotenoid content in maize grain     

Kristina Kljak  Darko Grbeša  Danijel Karolyi 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

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