Measurement of Cooked Noodle Stickiness Using a Modified Instrumental Method     

Seung Ju Lee  Mikyoung Rha  Wonbang Koh  Woojoon Park  Chiho Lee  Young An Kwon  Jae‐Kwan Hwang 《Cereal Chemistry》2002,79(6):838-842

Stickiness of cooked noodles, generally defined as a maximum force in tension after compression, depends on the compression force, contact area, and physical properties of the noodles. In the conventional method of measuring stickiness, only compression force was set as a standard, neglecting the other probable influencing factors. A modified method was developed for measuring contact area between noodles and a probe, in addition to the compression force. Four specimens with varying starch contents (0, 30, 60, and 90%) were tested to evaluate the new method for measuring cooked noodle stickiness. Contact area calculated from the displacement of probe at the compression condition was not consistent among the noodle samples. A corrected stickiness and a corrected compression force were defined as a simple stickiness directly measured for the contact area and the compression force measured for the contact area, respectively. This method proved to be a more effective means in differentiating the stickiness among noodle samples (than using just compression force factors). The order in the corrected stickiness magnitudes among the noodles was consistent regardlessof specimen amount used in the measurements, whereas that of the simple stickiness was inconsistent when different size samples were used. The corrected compression force estimated from a fixed simple compression force, which is a true compression stress, varied among the noodles. Accordingly, the corrected compression force was a more accurate criteria for stickiness measurements than was the simple compression force, which subjects the specimens to only differences in compression for stickiness comparison. The corrected stickiness results showed greater relationship to sensory stickiness and starch content than the simple stickiness measurement.  相似文献   

Synthesis and herbicidal activity of new benzenesulfonylureas     

Young Kwan Ko  Dong Wan Koo  Hae Sung Chang  Jae Wook Ryu  Jae Choon Woo  In Taek Hwang  Kyung Sik Hong  Jin-Seog Kim  Kwang Yun Cho  Dae-Whang Kim 《Pest management science》1999,55(5):576-578

A series of benzenesulfonylurea derivatives possessing a branched hydroxymethyl moiety as an ortho-substituent were synthesized and found to have interesting herbicidal activity under submerged paddy conditions.  相似文献   

Heat resistance,impact strength,and transparency of PET copolymer containing fluorenylidene bis(2-phenoxyethanol)     

Seung Ho Jeong  Kwan Han Yoon  Byung Gil Min  Young Sil Lee  Sang Pal Lee  Sang Bong Park 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(9):1638-1643

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) copolymers containing fluorenylidene bis(2-phenoxyethanol) (FBPE) were prepared. The glass transition temperature of copolymers increased continuously with the composition of FBPE. The glass transition temperature of PET/FBPE copolymer at loading of 15 mol% FBPE was 107 °C, which was 35 °C higher than that of PET. The melting temperature of PET/FBPE copolymers was decreased with the composition of FBPE, and it disappeared above 6 mol% of FBPE. The heat deflection temperature of copolymers increased from 60.7 °C for PET to 89.9 °C for the copolymer containing 15 mol% of FBPE. The values of optical transmittance of copolymers were 89-90 % at 550 nm, and no significant change was observed with the FBPE composition. The impact strength value of copolymer at loading of 10 mol% FBPE was 26 J/m, which was 20 J/m higher than that of PET.  相似文献   

Construction of a genetic linkage map based on RAPD,AFLP, and SSR markers for tea plant (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis>)     

Yali Chang  Eun Ui Oh  Min Seuk Lee  Ho Bang Kim  Doo-Gyung Moon  Kwan Jeong Song 《Euphytica》2017,213(8):190

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Modelling the potential effects of climate factors on Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus) presence/absence and its infestation rate: A case study from Oman     

Khalifa M Al Kindi  Paul Kwan  Nigel R Andrew  Mitchell Welch 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):3039-3049

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Nursery habitat for Asian horseshoe crabs along the northern Beibu Gulf,China: Implications for conservation management under baseline gaps     

Xiaoyong Xie  Zhou Wu  Chun‐Chieh Wang  Yijian Fu  Xueping Wang  Peng Xu  Xing Huang  Yongyan Liao  Shiang‐Lin Huang  Kit Yue Kwan 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(2):260-272

1. Identification, protection and enhancement of essential habitats are priority issues for management and restoration of exploited species. The shores utilized by Asian horseshoe crabs as nurseries were surveyed and the coastal habitat characteristics were described in the northern Beibu Gulf of China. Regression models were applied to explore species‐habitat relationships.
2. Fourteen and ten nursery sites were identified for Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda populations, respectively. Xiacun and Jinhaiwan in the eastern region of the northern Beibu Gulf were the essential nurseries for T. tridentatus, whereas Shanxin and Jiaodong in the western part were the primary nursery shores for C. rotundicauda. These shores supported high densities (4–6 individuals/100 m²) of juvenile horseshoe crab populations.
3. Mangrove and seagrass coverage area, coupled with sediment physico‐chemical parameters, particularly grain size, and the environmental heterogeneity of nursery habitats explained the distribution pattern of juvenile populations. Most juvenile populations were found along the outer fringe of mangroves in the small shallow estuary, particularly near outflows of tidal creeks with generally higher chlorophyll a and organic carbon contents. The distribution of high‐density juvenile populations of both species also overlapped with areas of seagrass patches.
4. These findings highlight the importance of mangroves and seagrasses in the nursery habitat use of Asian horseshoe crabs. Preserving the estuarine habitats with these vegetation types and identifying the high‐use nursery sites should be prioritised in China and other Asian places to conserve the declining Asian horseshoe crab populations.

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Momma's larvae: Maternal oceanographic experience and larval size influence early survival of rockfishes     

H. William Fennie  Noah Ben-Aderet  Steven J. Bograd  Garfield T. Kwan  Jarrod A. Santora  Isaac D. Schroeder  Andrew R. Thompson 《Fisheries Oceanography》2024,33(2):e12658

Identifying factors that affect larval mortality is critical for understanding the drivers of fish population dynamics. Although larval fish mortality is high, small changes in mortality rates can lead to large changes in recruitment. Recent studies suggest maternal provisioning can dramatically affect the susceptibility of larvae to starvation and predation, the major sources of early-life mortality. We measured otolith core width-at-extrusion and validated that this is a proxy for larval size-at-extrusion for eight species of rockfishes (genus Sebastes) to examine the influence of initial larval size on larval growth and survival and to understand how oceanographic conditions experienced by gestating females affect larval size (i.e., quality). Otolith core width-at-extrusion was significantly positively related to larval rockfish recent growth rate (5/7 species with sufficient sample size) and survival (all eight species). This suggests that individuals that are larger at extrusion generally grow faster and are more likely to survive early life stages. Otolith core width-at-extrusion was positively related to higher presence of Pacific Subarctic Upper Water and was negatively related to warmer, saline waters at the depths gestating mothers inhabited during the months prior to larval collection. In addition, otolith core width was larger further from fishing ports, possibly because these locations were historically less fished, contained more older, larger females, and/or had inherently better habitat quality (higher Pacific Subarctic Upper Water) than sites closer to shore. These results indicate that the environmental conditions female rockfish experience during gestation drive the size of the larvae they produce and impact larval growth and survival.  相似文献   

Slowly Digestible Starch from Debranched Waxy Sorghum Starch: Preparation and Properties     

Sang Ick Shin  Hea Jin Choi  Koo Min Chung  Bruce R. Hamaker  Kwan Hwa Park  Tae Wha Moon 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(3):404-408

Effects of debranching time, storage time, and storage temperature on production and structural properties of slowly digestible starch (SDS) were investigated. Waxy sorghum starch was hydrolyzed by isoamylase for various times (0–24 hr), and the variously debranched products were stored at ‐30, 1, and 30°C for 1–6 days. Optimal conditions for SDS production were isoamylase treatment for 8 hr and storage at 1°C for three days, resulting in SDS content of 27.0% in the optimum product. Microscopic observation revealed that rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and SDS were removed from the edges and surfaces of the optimum product by α‐amylase digestion. Digestion conditions that removed RDS and SDS resulted in a residue with a higher transition temperature and enthalpy than raw starch on a differential scanning calorimetric thermogram. Removal of RDS alone did not cause distinct decrements of peak temperature (T_p) and enthalpy (ΔH) compared with stored starch. The optimum SDS product showed an amorphous type of X‐ray diffractogram. Digestive removal of RDS from the optimum product gave a residue with X‐ray peaks similar to B type, which supports that it is partly crystalline. Removal of RDS and SDS gave broader peaks in the X‐ray pattern.  相似文献   

Cytogenetic and morphological characteristics of new types of diploids (2n=22, 24, 40) derived from consecutive selfing of aneuploids in brassica crops     

Kwan Ho Lee  Hyoji Namai 《Euphytica》1993,72(1-2):15-22

Summary New types of diploids in Brassica crops were synthesized after three consecutive selfing of aneuploids derived from backcrossing of sesquidiploids (2n=29, AAC) with B. campestris (2n=20, AA). The cytogenetic and morphological characteristics of plants with 2n=22, 24 and 40 in the S₃ generation were analyzed in order to establish the extent in which these addition and polyploid lines were stabilized. A high frequency of 11_II (79.7%), 12_II (84.6%) and 20_II (100%), were observed at metaphase _I of pollen mother cells in 2n=22, 24 and 40 plants, respectively. The chromosome configuration at methaphase _II also indicates that a certain level of stability has been attained cytogenetically. Although pollen stainability was relatively high, the seed set percentage was still low. Variation in morphological characteristics indicate the incorporation of one or more chromosome pairs from the C genome of B. oleracea. Other diagnostic characters such as the formation of determinate inflorescence, branching from the base of the stem, and the shift from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility must have resulted from the interaction between A and C genomes. Thus plants with 2n=22, 24 and 40 have been stabilized to some extent and can be developed into new breeding lines of Brassica. It is suggested that limited pollination could be effective in increasing the seed fertility of these plants.  相似文献   

Effects of Feeding Rate and Feeding Frequency on Survival, Growth, and Body Composition of Ayu Post-Larvae Plecoglossus altivelis     

Sung Hwoan  Cho  Young Soo  Lim  Jong Ha  Lee  Jong Kwan  Lee Sangun  Park Sang Min  Lee 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(1):85-91

The effects of feeding rate and feeding frequency on survival, growth and body composition of ayu post‐larvae (0.15 g in body weight and 3.5 cm in total length) were investigated in this study. A factorial experimental design of two feeding rates (3 and 6% of body weight of fish per meal) five feeding frequencies (one meal in 2 d, one meal a day, two meals a day, four meals a day, and six meals a day) with three replicates was used. Survival of ayu post‐larvae was significantly (P 0.05) affected by feeding frequency but not by feeding rate. Survival of ayu improved linearly with feeding frequency at both feeding rates. Weight and length gains and specific growth rate (SGR) of ayu was significantly (P 0.05) affected by feeding frequency but not by feeding rate, with weight and length gains and SGR linearly elevated with increasing feeding frequency at both feeding rates. The greatest weight and length gains were observed in fish receiving six meals daily at both feeding rates; however, no significant difference in weight gain was observed among two, four, and six meals a day, or in length gain between four and six meals a day. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly (P 0.05) affected by both feeding rate and feeding frequency. FER linearly decreased with feeding frequency at both feeding rates or feeding rate in the same feeding frequency. When the total daily amount of feed supply was constant with various feeding frequencies at different feeding rates (one meal a day at 3% feeding rate and one meal in 2 d at 6% feeding rate, two meals a day at 3% feeding rate and one meal a day at 6% feeding rate, or four meals a day at 3% feeding rate and two meals a day at 6% feeding rate), improvement in survival, weight and length gains, and SGR was observed in fish with higher feeding frequency at lower feeding rate. Moisture, protein, and lipid content of fish were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by either feeding rate or feeding frequency. However, lipid content of ayu linearly increased with feeding frequency at 6% feeding rate. The highest body lipid content was observed in fish receiving six meals daily at both feeding rates. Ash content of fish was significantly (P 0.05) affected by feeding frequency but not by feeding rate. Based on performance of ayu, it can be concluded that optimum feeding rate and feeding frequency for ayu post‐larvae (an initial weight of 0.15 g) were 3% per meal and four meals a day, respectively, under these experimental conditions.  相似文献