Effect of auxins on the native proteolytic activity of forest soils     

Ladislav Holik  Valerie Vranov  Klement Rej&#x;ek 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2019,182(2):244-251

The soil proteolytic complex plays an important role within mineral nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Both auxins and proteases are produced by soil microbiota, and reciprocally, their activities affect the metabolic role of biota in soil. The objective of this study was to find out whether auxins (indole‐3‐acetic acid, indole‐3‐butyric acid, 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid and 2‐naphthoxyacetic acid) have a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the activity of native proteases in soil. The results presented here demonstrate the positive effect of auxins on the native proteolytic forest soil activity. For example, in organic Oe horizons synthetically produced auxins stimulated native proteolytic activity in the European beech stands, where NOA led to the highest increase in L‐tyrosine production (from 564.02 µg at 0 µg auxin to 645.19 µg at the auxin dose of 100 µg). Comparing organic and organomineral horizons, auxins promote a higher stimulation of protease activity in the organic horizons. Comparing the different forest stands, auxins promote a high stimulation of protease activity in European beech stands. In the organomineral soil horizons, auxins promote a high stimulation of protease activity in Leptosols in European beech stands and Cambisols in pedunculate oak stands. The results confirmed the interrelationships between auxins and the native proteolytic forest soil activity from the viewpoint of dead organic matter decomposition. Furthermore, the general importance of substances produced in the rhizosphere for nitrogen cycling was verified.  相似文献   

The general ecological model of the Slovak Socialist Republic — Methodology and contents     

Ladislav Miklós 《Landscape Ecology》1989,3(1):43-51

Development of the general ecological model (EM) of the CSSR has been included in the state program for environmental policy - the Ecoprogramme of the CSSR — at a scale of 1:1 000 000 for the entire Czechoslovak territory and at a scale of 1:500 000 for the Czech Socialist Republic (CSR) and the Slovak Socialist Republic (SSR). The objective of the first EM stage was to make a survey of spatial differentiation of the major ecological problems of the country. The EM consists of four parts, three analytical and one synthetic. These parts are:

1. The ecological state (value) of the current spatial structure of the landscape.
2. Ecological stress factors in the landscape.
3. Protection of nature and natural resources. From the spatial synthesis of these three groups (from their spatial encounters), the following synthetic group of conditions was obtained:
4. Regional ecological problems, a system of ecologically stable areas, environmental stress factors and factors endangering the ecological stability of the landscape, the natural resources and the human environment.

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Chalcone synthase expression and pigments deposition in wheat with purple and blue colored caryopsis     

Václav Trojan  Milena Musilová  Tomáš Vyhnánek  Bořivoj Klejdus  Pavel Hanáček  Ladislav Havel 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

Red and white caryopses are typical in common wheat. Genotypes with purple and blue caryopses are also described. This coloring is caused by anthocyanins which deposit in the pericarp (purple) or aleurone layer (blue). The anthocyanins biosynthetic pathway is well described. The key enzyme is chalcone synthase (CHS). It catalyzes the first step. We observed the deposition of anthocyanins in the pericarp and aleurone layer, the expression of a chalcone synthase gene and the amount of two anthocyanins - cyanidin-3-glycoside (pericarp of purple caryopses), and delphinidin-3-glycoside (aleurone layer of blue caryopses) during caryopsis development. Purple pigment deposition was not homogeneous and/or uniform. At first, small isolated spots of purple color were formed and thereafter they expanded. In blue caryopses, however, the coloring process was more homogeneous. The expression of chalcone synthase mRNA occurred five days before pigment deposition and finished earlier than expected. Amounts of cyanidin-3-glycoside and delphinidin-3-glycoside increased in a similar manner. Amounts of these fell at the end of caryopses development probably due to formation of more complex substances.  相似文献   

Structure and diversity of small mammal communities of mountain forests in Western Carpathians     

Josef Suchomel  Luboš Purchart  Ladislav Čepelka  Marta Heroldová 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(3):481-490

We sampled the small mammal (SM) community in mountain forest ecosystems of the Beskydy Mountains over 5 years in order to study associations with different types of forest habitat. Fourteen species were determined, three being eudominant (yellow-necked mouse—Apodemus flavicollis (45 %), bank vole—Clethrionomys glareolus (23.3 %) and field vole—Microtus agrestis (15.7 %) and one dominant common shrew—Sorex araneus (9.3 %)). Highest abundance was observed in young succession sites (plantations) with dicotyledonous plants dominant (>50 %) in the undergrowth. Highest diversity was observed in plantations and primeval forests. Lowest total abundance and diversity were observed in mature monocultures. Significant differences in diversity were only found between old monocultures and other sites. Using a faunistic similarity index, two basic SM community groups were determined: those inhabiting (1) early (plantation) and late (reserve) successional forest ecosystems with a dense dicotyledonous plant herb layer, and (2) plantations with a dense grass herb layer and forests with a dense canopy closure (fruiting monoculture). Redundancy analysis confirmed separate habitat preferences of the three eudominant species. Generalised linear model indicated increasing preference of field vole for plantations with dominance of grass and <10–15 % admixed dicotyledonous plants while decreasing preference at ratios >10–15 %, and increasing preference of bank vole for plantations with a dicotyledonous plant ratio of >10–15 %. The biotopes monitored proved suitable for long-term survival of the dominant SM species. Early successional plantations and forest reserves also represent important refuges for a number of rarer SM species presently under threat.  相似文献   

The effect of the novel alpha‐2‐adrenoceptor agonist naphthylmedetomidine on pulse rate,arterial blood pressure and sedation in rabbits     

Ladislav Hess MD  PhD  Martin Votava MD  PhD  Jitka Schreiberová MD  Jiří Málek MD  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(2):144-150

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A river runs through it: Land-use and the composition of vegetation along a riparian corridor in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa     

Clifton S. Meek  David M. Richardson  Ladislav Mucina 《Biological conservation》2010,143(1):156-164

Riparian zones are important for the many ecosystem services they supply. In settled areas, the vegetation of such zones is shaped by human land-use; this often creates conditions under which alien plant species thrive. Alien plants have been shown to induce large-scale changes in riparian habitats, and they pose a major threat to the continued provision of key ecosystem services. We used direct gradient analysis to assess correlations between land-use and the composition of vegetation along a riparian river corridor in the highly transformed landscape surrounding Stellenbosch in South Africa’s Western Cape Province. Vegetation plots were sampled along the entire length of the river from headwaters to estuary (ca. 40 km). Plant community composition was analyzed in relation to land-use data collected in the field, and additional land-use variables computed from digital land-cover data. Patterns of plant community structure were found to be directly related to land-use, with measures of cover, richness, and diversity differing significantly among land-use types. Portions of the riparian zone adjacent to agricultural land had the greatest level of alien plant cover, while areas bordered by urban land maintained the highest alien species richness. Areas adjacent to grazing and natural lands showed intermediate and low levels of invasion, respectively. Several native species were found to persist in areas with high abundance and diversity of invasive alien plants, suggesting that they will be valuable focal species for future restoration attempts. Due to the level of human-mediated change in many areas of the riparian zone, restoration to historic conditions over most of the river is not considered feasible. These areas should be recognized as examples of novel ecosystems, and management efforts should focus on restoring or creating desirable ecosystem functions, rather than on achieving assemblages comprising only native species.  相似文献   

Die Dynamik der Phosphoraufnahme Aus kovalenten Stickstoff-Phosphor-Verbindungen durch Gerste     

Ladislav Ondr ek  Karel Haas  Walter Wanêk 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1971,128(3):180-186

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Volatile organic compounds in water and sediment from the Morava and the Danube Rivers (Slovakia) using purge and trap injection and gas chromatography     

Hussain Al-Rekabi  Ladislav Soják  Milan Kminiak 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,81(1-2):193-200

Purge and trap injector (PTI) with high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) was used to determine the concentration levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water and sediments from the Morava and the Danube Rivers. Thus the average concentrations of volatile n-alkanes (C₆-C₁₃) in water and sediments were found to be 0.02—1.33 μg/l and 0.04–105 μg/kg wet weight respectively. While the average concentrations of volatile aromatics in water and sediments were found to be 0.07–3.62 μg/l and 0.08–290 μg/kg wet weight respectively. In general different concentration levels were found at different locations, and at different time periods. With PTI-HRGC small sample size (5–20 ml) of water and (10–20 g) of sediments were used to analyse the VOCs in a simple, rapid method, with low background contamination since the system is completely closed. Relatively higher concentrations of VOCs were found in water and sediment samples from the Morava in comparison with those from the Danube, and higher concentration levels were found in spring time than in summer time.  相似文献   

Spatial variability of cadmium,pH, organic matter in soil and its dependence on sampling scales     

Stanislav Kuzel  Václav Nýdl  Ladislav Kolár  Richard Tichý 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,78(1-2):51-59

Distribution of cadmium, pH _KCl , and organic carbon content in the soil over a 29-ha field was evaluated. Cadmium concentrations were found mostly within the interval 0.17–1.27 ppm, with increasing trend towards one edge of the field. Cadmium concentrations were correlated with pH and organic carbon content. A one-hectare section of the original area was selected to analyze spatial variability of cadmium, pH and organic carbon content using geostatistical techniques. Cadmium concentrations were found to be spatially dependent and anisotropic, whereas pH levels did not reveal space dependence. Similar spatial behaviour of cadmium and organic carbon was observed. Linear correlation analysis at the one-hectare section revealed strong correlation between organic carbon and Cd, whereas no coincidence between Cd and pH was found. Extensive application of a cadmium-contaminated sludge in the past is suggested as a possible cause of this phenomenon.  相似文献   

Clay mineralogical composition and chemical properties of Haplic Luvisol developed on loess in the protected landscape area Litovelské Pomoraví     

Ľubica Pospíšilová  Peter Uhlík  Ladislav Menšík  Lukáš Hlisnikovský  Aleš Eichmeier  Eva Horáková  Vítězslav Vlček 《European Journal of Soil Science》2021,72(3):1128-1142

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