Airborne spread of foot-and-mouth disease – Model intercomparison     

John Gloster  Andrew Jones  Alison Redington  Laura Burgin  Jens H. Sørensen  Richard Turner  Michael Dillon  Pam Hullinger  Matthew Simpson  Poul Astrup  Graeme Garner  Paul Stewart  Réal D’Amours  Robert Sellers  David Paton 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2010,183(3):278-286

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) spreads by direct contact between animals, by animal products (milk, meat and semen), by mechanical transfer on people or fomites and by the airborne route, with the relative importance of each mechanism depending on the particular outbreak characteristics. Atmospheric dispersion models have been developed to assess airborne spread of FMDV in a number of countries, including the UK, Denmark, Australia, New Zealand, USA and Canada. These models were compared at a Workshop hosted by the Institute for Animal Health/Met Office in 2008. Each modeller was provided with data relating to the 1967 outbreak of FMD in Hampshire, UK, and asked to predict the spread of FMDV by the airborne route.A number of key issues emerged from the Workshop and subsequent modelling work: (1) in general all models predicted similar directions for livestock at risk, with much of the remaining differences strongly related to differences in the meteorological data used; (2) determination of an accurate sequence of events on the infected premises is highly important, especially if the meteorological conditions vary substantially during the virus emission period; (3) differences in assumptions made about virus release, environmental fate and susceptibility to airborne infection can substantially modify the size and location of the downwind risk area. All of the atmospheric dispersion models compared at the Workshop can be used to assess windborne spread of FMDV and provide scientific advice to those responsible for making control and eradication decisions in the event of an outbreak of disease.  相似文献   

Surgical management of orbital nodular granulomatous episcleritis in a dog     

Laura D. Barnes  Jacqueline W. Pearce  Linda M. Berent  Derek B. Fox  Elizabeth A. Giuliano 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(4):251-258

A 27 kg, 6‐year‐old, male castrated German shorthaired pointer presented to the University of Missouri, Veterinary Teaching Hospital with the complaint of progressive exophthalmia of 2 years duration optical density (OD). Lack of retropulsion OD was noted on physical examination. Anterior segment examination OU and fundic examination OS did not reveal any abnormalities. Examination of the fundus OD revealed focal scleral indentation of the inferior nasal globe. The indentation changed location with globe movement OD. MRI and CT scan revealed a well‐circumscribed, approximately 2 cm in diameter mass located caudal and ventral to the affected globe that appeared to communicate with the nictitating membrane with absence of any bony involvement. A modified lateral orbitotomy was recommended and performed to remove the orbital mass and nictitating membrane en‐bloc. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass confirmed a diagnosis of nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE). Postoperatively, the dog developed absolute keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Examples of primary episcleral inflammation in the dog include diffuse episcleritis, NGE, nodular fasciitis, fibrous histiocytoma, proliferative conjunctivitis/keratoconjunctivitis, pseudotumor, and Collie granuloma. The etiology of these episcleral inflammations is presumed to be immune mediated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of NGE affecting the orbital region of a dog. Development of absolute KCS resulting from excision of the nictitating membrane is also supported by this case.  相似文献   

Wakame and Nori in Restructured Meats Included in Cholesterol-enriched Diets Affect the Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expressions and Activities in Wistar Rats     

Adriana Schultz Moreira  Laura González-Torres  Raul Olivero-David  Sara Bastida  Juana Benedi  Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2010,65(3):290-298

The effects of diets including restructured meats (RM) containing Wakame or Nori on total liver glutathione status, and several antioxidant enzyme gene expressions and activities were tested. Six groups of ten male growing Wistar rats each were fed a mix of 85% AIN-93 M diet and 15% freeze-dried RM for 35 days. The control group (C) consumed control RM, the Wakame (W) and the Nori (N) groups, RM with 5% Wakame and 5% Nori, respectively. Animals on added cholesterol diets (CC, CW, and CN) consumed their corresponding basal diets added with cholesterol (2%) and cholic acid (0.4%). Alga and dietary cholesterol significantly interact (P < 0.002) influencing all enzyme expressions but not activities. The cholesterol supplement decreased most enzyme expression and activity. W-RM vs. C-RM increased (P < 0.05) expression of GPx, GR, Mn-SOD, and Cu,Zn-SOD and decreased that of catalase. N-RM vs. C-RM increased (P < 0.05) expression of catalase and Mn-SOD. GR activity increased in W-RM rats while SOD activity increased, but that of Se-GPx decreased in N animals. W-RM increased total and reduced glutathione and decreased the redox index. CN diet induced significantly lower plasma cholesterol levels (P < 0.001) than the CW diet. In conclusion, Nori-RM is a hypocholesterolemic food while Wakame-RM is an antioxidant food. This should be taken into account when including this kind of RM as potential functional foods in human.  相似文献   

Seed transmission of Pepino mosaic virus in tomato     

Inge M. Hanssen  Rick Mumford  Dag-Ragnar Blystad  Isabel Cortez  Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska  Dimitrinka Hristova  Israel Pagán  Ana-Maria Pereira  Jeff Peters  Henryk Pospieszny  Maja Ravnikar  Ineke Stijger  Laura Tomassoli  Christina Varveri  René van der Vlugt  Steen Lykke Nielsen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(2):145-152

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Equine Neutrophil Elastase in Plasma,Laminar Tissue,and Skin of Horses Administered Black Walnut Heartwood Extract (BWHE)     

Geoffroy de la Rebière de Pouyade  Laura M. Riggs  J.N. Moore  Thierry Franck  Ginette Deby-Dupont  David J. Hurley  Didier Serteyn 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

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Neuropathic Pain Management in Chronic Laminitis     

Bernd Driessen  Sébastien H. Bauquier  Laura Zarucco 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》2010

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Safety and tolerability of 0.1% tacrolimus solution applied to the external ear canals of atopic beagle dogs without otitis     

Laura S. Kelley  Alison K. Flynn‐Lurie  Rossi A. House  Andrew C. Simpson  Rosanna Marsella 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(6):554-565

Tacrolimus is a nonsteroidal alternative to treat noninfectious otitis externa (OE) in people. This 21‐day study investigated whether twice daily application (0.2 mL/dose) of sterile olive oil based 0.1% tacrolimus suspension in ears of atopic beagle dogs without OE was associated with adverse local reactions, development of OE, change in otic cytology, vestibular dysfunction, or hearing loss detected by brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER). The study was randomized, double‐blinded, and placebo‐controlled. Twenty‐two dogs matched for age and sex were randomized to tacrolimus or vehicle control treatment groups. Two investigators independently evaluated dogs for signs of adverse effects including OE the first 4 days of treatment, then every 3 days. A logistic regression model was fit for each investigator’s clinical scores (SAS, 9.2, 2008). Time (P = 0.0032) and group (P = 0.0167) were always significant for OE. Inter‐observer reliability of clinical scores was strong, measured using Kappa coefficients and proportion of agreement. All nine exclusions (7/10 control‐ and 2/12 tacrolimus‐treated dogs) were excluded for yeast OE. Inter‐observer agreement to exclude was 100%. All dogs not excluded had normal BAER assessments before treatment, weekly during treatment, and after 21 days of treatment. None showed vestibular abnormalities at these times. Tacrolimus blood concentrations (Abbott IMx Tacrolimus II) were below detection limits (3 ng/mL) at baseline and after 21 days of treatment. Results suggest otic application of olive oil based tacrolimus suspension to canine ears with intact tympanic membranes is unlikely to result in hearing loss or vestibular dysfunction but yeast OE is a possible risk.  相似文献   

Urogenital leiomyosarcoma in an alpaca     

Hardefeldt LY  Poulsen KP  McGuirk SM  Livesey MA  Koch C  Perrier MP  Pinkerton ME 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(12):1387-1390

A mass in the pelvic canal of a 4-year-old pregnant alpaca hembra diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma of the urogenital tract was confirmed by biopsy. Following a tube cystotomy, the alpaca was presented 33 d later, 2 d after the tube cystotomy had been dislodged. A dead cria was delivered by caesarean section.  相似文献   

Presence of opportunistic bacteria (Rhizobium spp.) with potential for molecular misdiagnosis among canine and feline clinical samples     

Tabar MD  Altet L  Roura X  Sánchez A  Ferrer L  Francino O 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(8):895-897

Rhizobium radiobacter was detected in 12 of 187 dogs and 2 of 100 cats using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay formerly designed for the Rickettsia genus. Although PCR primers used for pathogenic infectious agents are specifically assessed to avoid cross-amplification, this retrospective study highlights the importance of sequencing to avoid molecular misdiagnosis.  相似文献   

Seroconversion to bovine viral diarrhoea virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in dairy herds of Michoacan, Mexico     

José C. Segura-Correa  José L. Solorio-Rivera  Laura G. Sánchez-Gil 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(2):233-238

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) are important viral diseases around the world. The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of seroconversion to BVDV and IBRV and to identify associated risk factors in dairy herds of Michoacan, Mexico. The longitudinal study included 62 herds and ran from December 2001 to November 2002. The total number of animals enrolled and completing the study were 392 and 342 animals for BVDV and 925 and 899 animals for IBRV. Animals were tested monthly for 12 months, for the presence of antibodies. Risk factors were: herd size (2–9, 10–25 and 26–55 animals), herd serostatus (seropositive or seronegative, only for IBRV), age group of the animal (6 to 12, 13 to 24, 25 to 48 and > 48 months) and animal origin (born in farm, purchased). The cumulative incidences for BVDV and IBRV were 16.4% and 3.4%, respectively; whereas, the incidence density rates for BVDV and IBRV were 15.9 and 2.9 per 1000 animal-months at risk, respectively. Seroconversion curves were statistically different for age group for BVDV and IBRV and for herd status for IBR. The relatively high incidence of seroconversion for BVDV suggests that a successful control programme should be oriented towards the identification and elimination of the PI animals and towards avoiding the introduction of PI cattle to the farm. The scenario of IBRV is favourable to implement a programme directed to reduce the number of new seropositive herds.  相似文献