Tuberculosis in cattle: the results of the four-area project     

Griffin JM  More SJ  Clegg TA  Collins JD  O'Boyle I  Williams DH  Kelly GE  Costello E  Sleeman DP  O'Shea F  Duggan M  Murphy J  Lavin DP 《Irish veterinary journal》2005,58(11):629-636

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild pigs (Sus scrofa) from Spain     

Gauss CB  Dubey JP  Vidal D  Ruiz F  Vicente J  Marco I  Lavin S  Gortazar C  Almería S 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,131(1-2):151-156

Sera collected from 507 hunter-killed wild pigs (Sus scrofa) between 1993 and 2004 from five geographic regions in northern Spain and seven regions in southern Spain were assayed for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii were detected in 185 (38.4%) of 507 pigs with titers of 1:25 in 71, 1:50 in 111 and > or =1:500 in 3; seroprevalence was significantly higher (P<0.05) in pigs from southern regions. Seroprevalence was density dependent; it was higher in pigs from high stocking per hectare and availability of forage. Statistically significant differences were not observed between T. gondii seroprevalence and hunting estates (open versus fenced), sex or age. Serological results indicate a widespread exposure to T. gondii among Spanish wild boars, suggesting that this population could represent a public health risk for persons that handle or consume raw or undercooked infected wild pig meat.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in non-carnivorous wildlife from Spain     

Almería S  Vidal D  Ferrer D  Pabón M  Fernández-de-Mera MI  Ruiz-Fons F  Alzaga V  Marco I  Calvete C  Lavin S  Gortazar C  López-Gatius F  Dubey JP 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,143(1):21-28

Serum samples from 1034 non-carnivorous wildlife from Spain were tested for antibodies to Neospora caninum by competitive screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). High agreement was observed between results in both techniques (kappa value higher than 0.9). Prevalences of N. caninum antibodies positive by both techniques were 11.8% of 237 red deer (Cervus elaphus), 7.7% of 13 barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), 6.1% of 33 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 0.3% of 298 wild boar (Sus scrofa). In one of 53 hares (Lepus granatensis), antibodies were found in the ELISA but could not be confirmed by IFAT due to lack of sample. Antibodies to N. caninum were not found in any of 251 wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), 79 fallow deer (Dama dama), 27 mouflon (Ovis ammon), 40 chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and three Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Statistically significant differences were observed between N. caninum seroprevalence in red deer and management of hunting estates (open versus fenced) with higher prevalence in fenced estates, and among sampling sites. Seroprevalence was particularly high in some areas (MO estate in South-Central Spain or some estates of Catalonia, North-East Spain), while no contact with N. caninum was observed in others. Results indicate that in certain areas of Spain, N. caninum is present in wildlife, especially in red deer. These results have important implications in both sylvatic cycles and may influence the prevalence of infection in cattle farms in those areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of antibodies to N. caninum in wildlife from Spain and the first report of N. caninum antibodies in barbary sheep and wild boar.  相似文献   

Sites of Persistence of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in the Genital Tract of Experimentally Infected Bulls     

CH Annandale  PC Irons  VP Bagla  UI Osuagwuh  EH Venter 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(2):250-255

The objectives of this work were to determine the site of persistence of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in bulls shedding the virus in semen for a period longer than 28 days, to determine if the virus is present in all fractions of semen and to study lesions that developed in the genital tract. Six serologically negative postpubertal bulls were experimentally infected with a virulent field isolate of LSDV. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on sheath washes, vesicular fluid, supernatant and cell‐rich fractions of semen from day 10 to day 26 postinfection (p.i.). Bulls that were positive by PCR on the whole semen sample collected on day 28 p.i. were slaughtered and tissue samples from their genital tracts submitted for histopathological evaluation, immunoperoxidase staining, virus isolation and PCR. Two of the bulls developed severe lumpy skin disease (LSD) and were found to be shedding viral DNA in their semen on day 28 p.i. Viral DNA was identified in all semen fractions from all bulls, but mostly from the cell‐rich fraction and from the severely affected bulls. The PCR assay was positive on postmortem samples of testes and epididymides from the two severely affected bulls. Virus could be recovered from the testes of these two bulls and from the epididymis of one of them. Immunoperoxidase staining was positive for LSDV staining in sections of testes and epididymides exhibiting necrosis. This study suggests that the testis and epididymis are sites of persistence of LSDV in bulls shedding virus in semen for prolonged periods and revealed that viral DNA is present in all fractions of the ejaculate.  相似文献   

Effect of Pregnancy and Foetal Number on Diameter of Corpus Luteum,Maternal Progesterone Concentration and Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance in Ewes     

S Gür  G Türk  E Demirci  A Yüce  M Sönmez  Ş Özer  EH Aksu 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(2):289-295

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in diameter of corpus luteum (CL), maternal progesterone (P) concentration, lipid peroxidation and non‐enzymatic antioxidant levels along with enzymatic antioxidant activities in pregnant ewes bearing single and twin foetuses. The ewes were selected from healthy animals that were brought to the abattoir for slaughtering. The ewes were divided into three groups: Group 1 (non‐pregnant, non‐oestrous, n = 30), Group 2 (pregnant bearing a single foetus, n = 30) and Group 3 (pregnant bearing twin foetuses, n = 12) after they were slaughtered. Pregnant ewes were in the first half of the pregnancy. The diameter of CL and P concentration of pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus or twin foetuses were found higher than that found in non‐pregnant ewes. Similarly, the P concentration of pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses was higher than that found in pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level in pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses was higher than that found in both non‐pregnant and pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus. The serum glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity of pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses were found lower than that found in non‐pregnant ewes. Additionally, the GSH‐Px activity of pregnant ewes bearing twin foetuses was found lower than that found in pregnant ewes bearing a single foetus. No significant difference was found between pregnant ewes bearing female and male foetus with respect to diameter of CL, P concentration and oxidative stress parameters. There were significant positive correlations between foetal number (0, 1, 2) and diameter of CL, P concentration, MDA level, and between P concentration and diameter of CL, MDA level. However, significant negative correlations were found between foetal number (0, 1, 2) and GSH level, GSH‐Px activity, and between P concentration and GSH‐Px activity. In conclusion, the diameter of CL enlarges, P production increases and oxidant/antioxidant balance impairs because of the gestation stress in ewes during pregnancy.  相似文献   

Isolation and typing of a strain of Chlamydia psittaci from Angora goats     

A S Brown  M L Amos  M F Lavin  A A Girjes  P Timms  J B Woolcock 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(9):288-289

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Experimental infection of sheep with bovine leukemia virus: infectivity of blood, nasal and saliva secretions     

M H Gatei  M W McLennan  M F Lavin  R C Daniel 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(9):652-660

This study was designed to determine the relative infectivity of lymphocytes and secretions from BLV-infected cattle with and without persistent lymphocytosis (BLV+PL+ and BLV+PL-). Ninety-seven sheep of mixed sex and age were assembled into 21 experimental groups. The recipient sheep were inoculated intravenously with serial dilutions of whole blood, saliva or nasal secretions from BLV+PL+ and BLV+PL- donor cows. Between 200 to 20,000 cells from single and mixed BLV+PL+ or single and mixed BLV+PL- donor cattle were used for inoculation. A very small number of BLV-infected lymphocytes (200 cells) was sufficient to induce BLV infection in sheep inoculated with diluted whole blood from BLV+PL+ cattle. The inoculation of whole blood (containing up to 20,000 lymphocyte cells) from BLV+PL- cattle did not induce BLV infection in recipient sheep. Saliva and nasal secretions also failed to bring about BLV transmission.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and other wild ruminants from Spain     

Gauss CB  Dubey JP  Vidal D  Cabezón O  Ruiz-Fons F  Vicente J  Marco I  Lavin S  Gortazar C  Almería S 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,136(3-4):193-200

Serum samples from 441 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 161 other wild ruminant species, collected between 1993 and 2005 from six regions of Spain were tested for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (MAT). Antibodies to T. gondii (MAT 1:25 or higher) were detected in 15.6% of red deer. Statistically significant differences were observed among sampling sites with seroprevalence in red deer from Catalonia (42.2%) being significantly higher compared with other Spanish regions (8.7%) (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were not observed between T. gondii seroprevalence and sex, age or management of hunting estates (open versus fenced). Seroprevalence of T.gondii infection in other ruminants species was 24% of 79 fallow deer (Dama dama), 21.8% of 33 in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 33.3% of three Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica), 20% of 10 chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), 10% of 10 barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia), and 14.8% of 27 mouflon (Ovis ammon) in areas not including Catalonia, where no samples from these species were available. Serological results indicated a widespread exposure to T. gondii among wildlife in Spain and suggest that consumption of raw or inadequately cooked meat, as well as handling carcasses of wild game, should be taken into account as a source of infection for humans.  相似文献   

Ingesta passage and gastric emptying times in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta)     

Valente AL  Marco I  Parga ML  Lavin S  Alegre F  Cuenca R 《Research in veterinary science》2008,84(1):132-139

Ingesta passage times of soft flat foam dishes and gastric emptying time of barium-impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) were measured in 22 and 8 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), respectively. Transit time (T(1)) was considered as the time between ingestion and first elimination, and retention time (T(50)) and total transit time (T(85)) the expulsion time of 50% and 85% of the markers, respectively. The experiments were carried out at different times of the year and water temperature was recorded. A set of dorso-ventral radiographs was taken to locate the BIPS, and the gastrointestinal anatomy of 5 dead turtles was studied to help with interpretation of the radiographs. No significant correlation was observed between T(1), T(50), T(85) and minimum straight carapace length (SCLmin) or body mass and no statistical difference was found in ingesta passage transit times between juvenile (n = 6) and sub-adult turtles (n = 16). Mean passage times of the dishes (in days) were: T(1) = 9.05, T(50) = 12.00 and T(85) = 13.19. Gastric emptying time using BIPS was 24-48 h. The transit time (T(1)) for the BIPS was longer (13.25 +/- 4.86 days) than the foam markers (8.5 +/- 2.73 days) in 8 turtles studied simultaneously. Although the total transit time tended to be faster in turtles submitted to water temperatures between 20 degrees C and 23.6 degrees C no significant correlation was observed between T(1), T(50) and T(85) and the temperature.  相似文献   

ULTRA-VIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF CATALASE     

Stern KG  Lavin GI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1938,88(2281):263-264

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