Experimentally induced parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in young lambs: pathologic response   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

R C Cutlip  H D Lehmkuhl 《American journal of veterinary research》1982,43(12):2101-2107

Pulmonary changes in five 1-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs transtracheally inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus were studied by immunofluorescent, microscopic, and ultrastructural techniques. The lambs were killed at postinoculation days (PID) 3, 5, and 7. Immunofluorescence specific for parainfluenza type 3 virus was first seen in small airways and alveolar epithelium and later in the lumens of airways and alveoli and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitium of the lungs. Grossly, there were multifocal areas of consolidation in all lobes of the lungs. These areas were characterized microscopically by bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonitis. The bronchiolitis involved the terminal airways and consisted of necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells followed by hyperplasia of the epithelium. The interstitial lesion comprised extensive infiltration of alveolar septa and alveoli with macrophages and the necrosis of alveolar epithelium. This was followed by hyperplasia of the epithelium. Degenerated bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium contained numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions early in the infection, but such inclusions were not seen in the lambs killed at PID 7. The degenerated changes were also seen with the electron microscope, as were numerous inclusions of viral nucleoprotein and a few viral buds at PID 3 and 5. Viral inclusions and buds were seen in ciliated and nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells and type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells.  相似文献   

Survival times in dogs with severe subvalvular aortic stenosis treated with balloon valvuloplasty or atenolol     

Meurs KM  Lehmkuhl LB  Bonagura JD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(3):420-424

OBJECTIVE: To determine survival times in dogs with severe subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) treated by means of balloon valvuloplasty or with atenolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 38 dogs < 24 months old with severe SAS (peak systolic pressure gradient > or = 80 mm Hg). PROCEDURE: 10 dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty and were reexamined 6 weeks later to determine the feasibility of the procedure. The remaining 28 dogs were randomly assigned to undergo balloon valvuloplasty (n = 15) or to be treated with atenolol long term (13) and were reexamined annually for 9 years or until the time of death. RESULTS: For the first 10 dogs, mean pressure gradient 6 weeks after balloon valvuloplasty (mean +/- SD, 119 +/- 32.6 mm Hg) was significantly decreased, compared with mean baseline pressure gradient (167 +/- 40.1 mm Hg). Median survival time for dogs that underwent balloon valvuloplasty (55 months) was not significantly different from median survival time for dogs treated with atenolol (56 months). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that balloon valvuloplasty can result in a significant decrease in the peak systolic pressure gradient in dogs with severe SAS, at least for the short term. No clear benefit in survival times was seen for dogs that underwent balloon valvuloplasty versus dogs that were treated with atenolol.  相似文献   

Endometritis in postparturient cattle associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 infection: 15 cases.   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

K Frazier  M Pence  M J Mauel  A Liggett  M E Hines  L Sangster  H D Lehmkuhl  D Miller  E Styer  J West  C A Baldwin 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2001,13(6):502-508

Suppurative, ulcerative endometritis associated with bovine herpesvirus-4 (BHV-4) infection was identified in 15 postparturient dairy cows from 5 separate dairies. Characteristic eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies were identified within degenerate endometrial lining epithelium and endothelial cells. Bovine herpesvirus-4 was confirmed as the etiology by a combination of fluorescent antibody assays, viral isolation, heminested PCR, ultrastructural examination of the uterus and inoculated tissue culture cells, and negative-stain electron microscopy of tissue culture supernatant. Viral particles measuring 70-95 nm were demonstrated in uterine epithelial and endothelial cells by electron microscopy. Bacteria including Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and an alpha-Streptococcus isolate were isolated from all uteri. Bovine herpesvirus-4-associated endometritis has been previously reported in sporadic cases in Europe but has not been previously reported in the United States. Endometritis associated with BHV-4 appears to be an emerging syndrome in Georgia dairy herds.  相似文献   

Multicenter evaluation of plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) as a biochemical screening test for asymptomatic (occult) cardiomyopathy in cats     

Fox PR  Rush JE  Reynolds CA  Defrancesco TC  Keene BW  Atkins CE  Gordon SG  Schober KE  Bonagura JD  Stepien RL  Kellihan HB  Macdonald KA  Lehmkuhl LB  Nguyenba TP  Sydney Moise N  Lefbom BK  Hogan DF  Oyama MA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(5):1010-1016

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Association of 3D Reconstruction and Conventional Radiography for the Description of the Appendicular Skeleton of Chelonoidis carbonaria (Spix, 1824)     

Z. Bortolini  R. C. Lehmkuhl  L. M. Ozeki  M. V. Tranquilim  N. F. Sesoko  C. R. Teixeira  L. C. Vulcano 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2012,41(6):445-452

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Prediction of first onset of congestive heart failure in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease: The PREDICT cohort study     

Caryn A. Reynolds  Dorothy Cimino Brown  John E. Rush  Philip R. Fox  Thaibihn P. Nguyenba  Linda B. Lehmkuhl  Sonya G. Gordon  Heidi B. Kellihan  Rebecca L. Stepien  Bonnie K. Lefbom  C. Kate Meier  Mark A. Oyama 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2012,14(1):193-202

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for first-onset congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD).AnimalsEighty-two dogs with and without CHF secondary to DMVD were retrospectively assigned to a derivation cohort. Sixty-five dogs with asymptomatic DMVD were recruited into a prospective validation cohort.MethodsVariables associated with risk of CHF in dogs were identified in a derivation cohort and used to construct a predictive model, which was then prospectively tested through longitudinal examination of a validation cohort.ResultsLogistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort yielded a predictive model that included the left atrial to aortic root dimension ratio (LA:Ao) and plasma concentration of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). When this model was prospectively applied to the validation cohort, it correctly predicted first-onset of CHF in 69.2% of cases. Analysis of the validation cohort revealed that plasma NT-proBNP concentration and indexed left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd:Ao) were independent risk factors for development of first-onset CHF in dogs with DMVD (NT-proBNP ≥1500 pmol/L, odds ratio (OR), 5.76, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37–24.28, P = 0.017; LVIDd:Ao ≥3, OR, 6.11, 95% CI, 1.09–34.05, P = 0.039).ConclusionsMeasures of left heart size and plasma NT-proBNP concentration independently estimate risk of first-onset of CHF in dogs with DMVD. These parameters can contribute to the management of dogs with DMVD.  相似文献   

Mastitis associated with ovine progressive pneumonia virus infection in sheep   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R C Cutlip  H D Lehmkuhl  K A Brogden  S R Bolin 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(2):326-328

Eighteen ewes were experimentally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus and their mammary glands were examined for lesions and virus at 2.5 to 10 years postinoculation. Lesions were seen in 14 of 18 sheep; virus was isolated from 4 of 8 sheep. Lesion consisted of an interstitial accumulation of lymphocytes with periductal lymphoid nodules, and epithelial vacuolation and necrosis at the site of the lymphoid nodules.  相似文献   

Use of western immunoblot for evaluation of myocardial dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan, and beta-dystroglycan in dogs with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy     

Spier AW  Meurs KM  Coovert DD  Lehmkuhl LB  O'Grady MR  Freeman LM  Burghes AH  Towbin JA 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(1):67-71

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential importance of dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan (adhalin), and beta-dystroglycan, by use of western blot analysis, in several breeds of dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. SAMPLE POPULATION: Myocardial samples obtained from 12 dogs were evaluated, including tissues from 7 dogs affected with dilated cardiomyopathy, 4 control dogs with no identifiable heart disease (positive control), and 1 dog affected with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (negative control for dystrophin). Of the affected dogs, 4 breeds were represented (Doberman Pinscher, Dalmatian, Bullmastiff, and Irish Wolfhound). PROCEDURE: Western blot analysis was used for evaluation of myocardial samples obtained from dogs with and without dilated cardiomyopathy for the presence of dystrophin and 2 of its associated glycoproteins, alpha-sarcoglycan and beta-dystroglycan. RESULTS: Detectable differences were not identified between dogs with and without myocardial disease in any of the proteins evaluated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Abnormalities in dystrophin, alpha-sarcoglycan, and beta-dystroglycan proteins were not associated with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy in the dogs evaluated in this study. In humans, the development of molecular biological techniques has allowed for the identification of specific causes of dilated cardiomyopathy that were once considered to be idiopathic. The use of similar techniques in veterinary medicine may aid in the identification of the cause of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs, and may offer new avenues for therapeutic intervention.  相似文献   

Pulmonary lesions in lambs experimentally infected with ovine adenovirus 5 strain RTS-42     

R C Cutlip  H D Lehmkuhl 《Veterinary pathology》1986,23(5):589-593

Twelve lambs were inoculated transtracheally and intranasally with Mastadenovirus ovi 5 strain RTS-42 and killed sequentially. Pulmonary lesions were studied by light and electron microscopy. Four lambs served as sham inoculated controls. Pulmonary lesions consisted of multifocal areas of bronchiolitis and alveolitis associated with necrosis and sloughing of isolated type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells and nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells. This was followed rapidly by hyperplasia of the remaining epithelium and repair of the damage. A cellular infiltrate of neutrophils and macrophages began at 2 days after inoculation, peaked at 4 days after inoculation, gradually diminished until minimal at 12 days after inoculation, and was resolved at 21 days after inoculation. Surfactant was abundant and, along with debris, was removed from the alveoli by macrophages. Clinical disease was not seen, but lesions were believed to be sufficient to allow bacteria to colonize the lungs and cause severe disease.  相似文献   

Results of the veterinary enalapril trial to prove reduction in onset of heart failure in dogs chronically treated with enalapril alone for compensated, naturally occurring mitral valve insufficiency   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Atkins CE  Keene BW  Brown WA  Coats JR  Crawford MA  DeFrancesco TC  Edwards NJ  Fox PR  Lehmkuhl LB  Luethy MW  Meurs KM  Petrie JP  Pipers FS  Rosenthal SL  Sidley JA  Straus JH 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(7):1061-1069

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of long-term enalapril administration in delaying the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF). DESIGN: Placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, randomized trial. ANIMALS: 124 dogs with compensated mitral valve regurgitation (MR). PROCEDURES: Dogs randomly assigned to receive enalapril or placebo were monitored for the primary endpoint of onset of CHF for < or = 58 months. Secondary endpoints included time from study entry to the combined endpoint of CHF-all-cause death; number of dogs free of CHF at 500, 1,000, and 1,500 days; and mean number of CHF-free days. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier estimates of the effect of enalapril on the primary endpoint did not reveal a significant treatment benefit. Chronic enalapril administration did have a significant benefit on the combined endpoint of CHF-all-cause death (benefit was 317 days [10.6 months]). Dogs receiving enalapril remained free of CHF for a significantly longer time than those receiving placebo and were significantly more likely to be free of CHF at day 500 and at study end. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Chronic enalapril treatment of dogs with naturally occurring, moderate to severe MR significantly delayed onset of CHF, compared with placebo, on the basis of number of CHF-free days, number of dogs free of CHF at days 500 and study end, and increased time to a combined secondary endpoint of CHF-all-cause death. Improvement in the primary endpoint, CHF-free survival, was not significant. Results suggest that enalapril modestly delays the onset of CHF in dogs with moderate to severe MR.  相似文献