Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphism in Tunisian grapevine genome and their potential for population genetics and evolutionary studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leila Riahi  Nejia Zoghlami  Alexandre Fournier-Level  Alexis Dereeper  Loïc Le Cunff  Valérie Laucou  Ahmed Mliki  Patrice This 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(3):1139-1151

In this study, two gene fragments corresponding to the VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 loci were sequenced on a sample of grapes including cultivated and wild accessions originating from Tunisia, Germany and France. A total of 42 SNPs were detected in the sequenced fragments giving an average of 1 SNP every 33 bp. High level of polymorphism was observed in the samples either in cultivated or wild accessions. Pattern of nucleotide diversity indicates a non departure from neutrality expectations for wild grapevine sample for gene VvMYBA1 and VvMYBA2 and for cultivated sample for gene VvMYBA1. However, a linkage to a selective sweep was revealed for cultivated grapevine gene pool in gene VvMYBA2. A genetic structure of the studied sample according to accession taxonomic status was revealed by the UPGMA clustering with a considerable overlap. This result was confirmed by significant but low genetic differentiation values between cultivated and wild sample. The number of migrants Nm based on sequence data information between Tunisian cultivars and Tunisian wild accessions showed a low level of gene flow between those germplasms. This finding indicates that Tunisian cultivars do not derive directly from local wild populations but could mostly correspond to imported materials introduced during historical times. However, the possibility that some cultivars derived from ancestral events of local domestication or cross hybridization with native wild plants was not completely excluded for Tunisian grapevine accessions.  相似文献   

Variability of grain productivity and energy profile of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes     

Bruna Mendonça Alves  Alberto Cargnelutti Filho  Marcos Toebe  Cláudia Burin  Leila Picolli da Silva 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

The goal of the present work was to test if there is genetic variability between precocious and superprecocious cycle maize genotypes in terms of grain productivity and energy profile. Data from two separate experiments were used. An experiment was conducted with 36 precocious cycle genotypes and another experiment was conducted with 22 superprecocious cycle genotypes. The following variables were measured: grain productivity (PROD), ethereal extract (EE), starch (ST), amylose (AML), and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn). For all variables, basic statistics and analysis of variance was performed. For each experiment, the genotypic correlation matrix was calculated and the multicollinearity was evaluated. Then, the Mahalanobis generalized distance matrix was calculated, the clustering of the genotypes was performed and the averages of the groups formed were compared, separately for each experiment. There was genetic divergence between precocious genotypes, as well as between superprecocious genotypes, especially in terms of grain PROD, EE concentration, and AML concentration. Groups of more productive genotypes presented lower EE and higher AML grain concentrations. The results of the present study indicated that it is possible to plan crossings between groups of genotypes in terms of PROD, EE and AML, with the goal of maximizing heterosis.  相似文献   

Planning and management modeling for treated wastewater usage     

Leila Ahmadi  Gary P. Merkley 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2009,23(2-3):97-107

Due to urban growth, some agricultural lands have been replaced by residential, municipal, and industrial areas. In some cases the remaining agricultural land will not have enough water because of transfers from agriculture to M&I (municipal and industrial) users. Therefore, in many places, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, the use of treated wastewater as a reliable source of irrigation water has already been, or will be, considered in the future. Due to its unique characteristics, this new resource has many challenges that cannot be ignored, such as health issues, water quality, and long- and short-term effects on soils and crops. The study described herein considered the development of a new GIS-based model for planning and managing the reuse of treated wastewater for the irrigation of agricultural and green lands, considering various factors such as population and urban growth. The model is composed of several different modules, including an urban growth model. These modules are designed to help in the decision-making process for allocations of water resources to agricultural areas, considering factors such as crop types, crop pattern, water salinity, soil characteristics, pumping and conveyance costs, and also by comparing different management scenarios. Appropriate crops that can be grown with a specific water salinity and soil characteristics, proper water resources for each farm (according to pumping and conveyance costs, and analysis of water demand, and water supply) can be determined through the application of this model. The model can also rank agricultural areas and open spaces in and near an urban area according to their suitability for irrigated agriculture.  相似文献   

Study of Genetic Diversity of Pear Genotypes and Cultivars (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pyrus communis</Emphasis> L.) Using Inter<Emphasis Type="Italic">-</Emphasis>Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (ISSR)     

Shadan Khorshidi  Gholamhossein Davarynejad  Leila Samiei  Mohammad Moghaddam 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(4):301-308

ISSR molecular marker was used to investigate genetic diversity of ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes of Mashhad Esteghlal orchard and its relationship with other commercial and native cultivars of pear. Among ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes of Mashhad Esteghlal orchard 23 genotypes were selected base on difference in tree vigor, leaf color, shape and color of fruit and also 33 other commercial and native pear cultivars from Esteghlal orchard and other Mashhad commercial orchards were studied. A total number of 230 DNA fragments were obtained using 11 primers of which 225 were polymorphic. On average, each primer produced 20.9 bands. Dice similarity coefficient ranged from 0.27 (between ‘Dom Kaj’ and Asian pear) to 1 (between ‘Dare Gazi’ 1 and 2 genotypes). Sample cluster dendrogram indicated that 56 genotypes were divided into 12 distinct clusters. The dendogram generated on the principle of Unweight Pair Wise Method using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) was constructed by Dice coefficient and the genotypes were grouped into 12 clusters. ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes did not show 100% similarity due to seed propagation or mutation, as ‘Dare Gazi’ 3 and 18 genotypes had the lowest similarity coefficient (0.64). Asian pears were placed in a separate group from European pears. And ‘Dare Gazi’ genotypes from different orchards were grouped separately, but all of them are called as ‘Dare Gazi’ pear for convenience. ISSR molecular marker can well identify the genetic variability among genotypes and cultivars and found suitable for grouping them.  相似文献   

Morphological,physiological and biochemical aspects of osmopriming-induced drought tolerance in lentil     

Muhammad Farooq  Leila Romdhane  Mayaa K. R. A. Al Sulti  Abdul Rehman  Walid M. Al-Busaidi  Dong-Jin Lee 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(2):176-186

Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an important grain legume crop, mostly grown in semi-arid environments and often faces intermittent drought spells during different growth stages, which severely hamper its yield. This study, comprising of three separate experiments, was conducted to evaluate the potential of seed priming with CaCl₂ in improving drought tolerance in lentil. In the first experiment, lentil seeds were hydroprimed (water) or osmoprimed with 0.5 and 1% CaCl₂; while non-primed seeds were taken as control. In the second and third experiments, lentil seeds were subjected to pre-optimized osmopriming (1% CaCl₂) and hydropriming followed by surface drying or re-drying of primed seeds to original weight. The first two experiments were conducted in petri plates, while, in experiment 3, seeds were planted in plastic pots containing peat moss, maintained at 75% water holding capacity (WHC; well-watered) or 50% WHC (water deficit). Hydropriming and osmopriming improved seed germination, seedling growth, biomass production, chlorophyll intensity, sugar accumulation and reduced the oxidative stress in lentil under water deficit. However, osmopriming (1% CaCl₂) was more effective than the hydropriming in improving the lentil growth, biomass production, Ca accumulation and sugar metabolism under both well-watered and water deficit conditions. Seed surface drying, after priming, was more beneficial in improving the lentil performance, under both well-watered and water deficit conditions, than re-drying to original weight. Osmopriming (1% CaCl₂) increased the seeding dry weight (67%), SPAD value (140%), leaf Ca concentration (56%), α-amylase activity (55%), total soluble sugars (48%) and reduced malanodialdehyde content (35.9%) and total antioxidant activity (29.2%) than un-primed seeds under water deficit. In conclusion, osmopriming improved the lentil performance under optimal and water deficit conditions through early and synchronized emergence, better sugar and Ca accumulation which reduced the oxidative damage and resulted in better seedling growth and biomass production.  相似文献   

Dietary diversity score and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adults     

Azadbakht L  Mirmiran P  Esmaillzadeh A  Azizi F 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(6):728-736

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and cardiovascular risk factors in Tehranian adults. METHODS: In this population-based cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 581 subjects (295 males and 286 females) aged over 18 years, residents of Tehran, participated. Hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose concentration > or = 126 mg dl(-1) or 2-h post challenge glucose concentration > or = 200 mg dl(-1). Hypertension was defined on the basis of the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Dietary diversity was defined according to the Diet Quality Index revised. RESULTS: Mean (+/- standard deviation) DDS was 6.15 +/- 1.02. The probability of having diabetes (odds ratio (OR) among quartiles: 1.45, 1.26, 1.11 and 1.00, respectively; P for trend = 0.04) and hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 1.41, 1.23, 1.05 and 1.00, respectively; P for trend=0.04) decreased with increasing quartile of the diversity score for whole grains. The probability of having obesity (OR among quartiles: 1.39, 1.06, 1.03 and 1.00, respectively; P for trend = 0.03), hypercholesterolaemia (OR = 1.46, 1.28, 1.11 and 1.00, respectively; P for trend = 0.03), hypertension (OR = 1.32, 1.17, 1.13 and 1.00, respectively; P for trend = 0.03) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR = 1.25, 1.12, 1.07 and 1.00, respectively; P for trend = 0.04) decreased with increasing quartile of the diversity score for vegetables. The probability of having hypercholesterolaemia, high LDL-C, hypertension and diabetes decreased with quartile of the DDS. But the probability of being obese increased with quartile of the DDS (P for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSION: DDS was inversely associated with cardiovascular risk factors in this cross-sectional study. Increased diversity scores of diets, to increase the variety score for vegetables, may be emphasised in programmes attempting to bring about changes in lifestyle.  相似文献   

Essentials of Veterinary Ophthalmology, 3rd edition     

Leila Kleemola 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(9):984

  相似文献   

Molecular genetic diversity and population structure of Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) populations: implications for breeding and conservation     

Rahimi  Ataollah  Mirmoayedi  Alinaghi  Kahrizi  Danial  Zarei  Leila  Jamali  Samad 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2022,129(6):1331-1342

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The honey bee (Apis mellifera), as one of the most important pollinating insects, plays a critical role in biodiversity conservation and global food...  相似文献   

Problems of agricultural policy in East Germany     

Leila Lueschen 《Agriculture and Human Values》1993,10(1):27-39

The process of agricultural unification will dominate the German scene for the next few years. At this stage, however, analysis and forecasts are hampered by the considerable problem concerning the viability of East German agriculture in a market economy and by the absence of reliable data in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). This can only be understood in terms of the agricultural situation in the GDR before unification, which is discussed in the first section. The political and economic incentives for German unification are described in the next section of this paper, focusing especially on the integration of the GDR into CAP. The third section considers some critical structural, legal, social, and economic constraints in the process of integrating the two agricultural systems. Finally, the implications for German agriculture as well as the challenges for the CAP will be addressed. Data were collected from interviews with key agricultural policy makers, farm organizations, commodity groups, consumer groups, and agricultural experts, as well as interviewing East German farmers. Additional data were compiled from government statistics, EC publications, and press reports. The conclusions reached in this research show the urgent need for the German government to reconsider the objectives and rationale for structural policies in agriculture, and point out that the new Germany, itself full of paradoxes and uncertainty, stands at the center of European agricultural disorder.Leila Sfeir Lueschen is Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Kentucky. She has researched issues pertaining to the structure of agriculture, agricultural policies, and socio-economic change. Most recently, she has been studying problems associated with the transformation of East German agriculture and its integration into the European Community. Dr. Lueschen's work has been published in English, German, and French.  相似文献   

Does the Relief of Glucose Toxicity Act As a Mediator in Proliferative Actions of Vanadium on Pancreatic Islet Beta Cells in Streptozocin Diabetic Rats?     

Leila Pirmoradi  Mohammad Taghi Mohammadi  Akbar Safaei  Fakhardin Mesbah  Gholam Abbas Dehghani 《Iranian Biomedical Journal》2014,18(3):173-180

Background: Data shows vanadium protects pancreatic beta cells (BC) from diabetic animals. Whether this effect is direct or through the relief of glucose toxicity is not clear. This study evaluated the potential effect of oral vanadyl sulfate (vanadium) on glycemic status and pancreatic BC of normal and diabetic rats. Methods: Rats were divided into five groups of normal and diabetic. Diabetes was induced with streptozocin (40 mg/kg, i.v.). Normal rats used water (CN) or vanadium (1 mg/ml VOSO₄, VTN). Diabetic rats used water (CD), water plus daily neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin injection (80 U/kg, ITD) or vanadium (VTD). Blood samples were taken for blood glucose (BG, mg/dL) and insulin (ng/dL) measurements. After two months, the pancreata of sacrificed rats were prepared for islet staining. Results: Pre-treated normal BG was 88 ± 2, and diabetic BG was 395 ± 9. The final BG in CD, VTD, and ITD was 509 ± 22, 138 ± 14, and 141 ± 14, respectively. Insulin in VTN (0.75 ± 0.01) and VTD (0.78 ± 0.01) was similar, higher than CD (0.51 ± 0.07) but lower than CN (2.51 ± 0.02). VTN islets compared to CN had larger size and denser central core insulin immunoreactivity with plentiful BC. CD and ITD islets were atrophied and had scattered insulin immunoreactivity spots and low BC mass. VTD islets were almost similar to CN. Conclusion: Besides insulin-like activity, vanadium protected pancreatic islet BC, and the relief of glucose toxicity happening with vanadium had a little role in this action. Key Words: Vanadium, Rats, Diabetes, Protection, Beta cells  相似文献