General Anesthesia in Veterinary Practice     

Leon Zlotnick 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1943,7(1):15-18

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Cytochrome P-450 in insects. 7. Age dependency and phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450, P-450 reductase,and monooxygenase activities in the black blow fly (Phormia regina,Meigen)     

Daniel R. Vincent  Alison F. Moldenke  Dan E. Farnsworth  Leon C. Terriere 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1985,23(2):182-189

Development and phenobarbital (PB) induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase, two epoxidation, and two O-demethylation activities were examined in chronologically timed populations of female black blow flies (Phormia regina, Meigen). Measurements of these enzymes started with the pharate adult stage and ended 5 days following eclosion. Induction occurred in all enzymes, even at 0.005% PB, and was maximum at 0.15%. Dramatic induction of the O-demethylation of 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin was observed in flies dosed with the maximum concentration of the drug. This monooxygenase activity increased to nearly 1400 times the level in control flies, whereas the other O-demethylation (methoxyresorufin) and the two epoxidation reactions exhibited considerably less change. Induction of the structural enzymes of this enzyme system were 10-fold for cytochrome P-450 and 5-fold for NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase. These data suggest that PB induces several P-450's in the blow fly, particularly one bearing a high degree of specificity for 7-methoxy-4-methycoumarin.  相似文献   

The application of hybridoma technology to the study of bovine immunoglobulins     

R A Goldsby  S Srikumaran  A Arulanandam  B Hague  F A Ponce de Leon  M Sevoian  A J Guidry 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1987,17(1-4):25-35

Studies are described in which hybridoma technology is used to produce a variety of reagents for the characterization and manipulation of the bovine humoral immune system. Selected members of a set of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for each of four major isotypes of bovine Ig constant regions, one specific for anti-bovine Ig constant regions as well as one specific for anti-bovine light chains are discussed. Interspecific fusion of bovine lymphocytes with the established mouse cell line, SP2/0 was used to produce a collection of stable hybridomas among which were found secretors of bovine IgG1, IgG2, IgM, IgA and bovine light chain. Interspecific fusion of SP2/0 with lymphocytes from a multiparous Holstein four days post immunization with Streptococcus agalactiae yielded MAb with specificity for the immunizing antigen. One of these hybridomas, LHRB 19.17, which displayed a particularly stable secretory phenotype, was used as an immunogen for the production of a library of murine monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies. Competitive antigen binding analysis showed that 15 of the 24 anti-LHRB 19.17 idiotype antibodies isolated blocked the binding of the idiotype to its nominal antigen and so were candidates for evaluation as antigen mimics. Some of the ways in which monoclonal anti-idiotypes in particular, and monoclonal in general, might be of use in problems of animal disease are discussed.  相似文献   

Gaussian Copula Mixed Models for Clustered Mixed Outcomes,With Application in Developmental Toxicology     

Beilei Wu  Alexander R. de Leon 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2014,19(1):39-56

This paper is concerned with the analysis of clustered data from developmental toxicity studies with mixed responses, i.e., where each member of the cluster has binary and continuous outcomes. A copula-based random effects model is proposed that accounts for associations between binary and/or continuous outcomes within clusters, including the intrinsic association between the mixed outcomes for the same subject. The approach allows the adoption of flexible distributions for the mixed outcomes as well as for the random effects. The model includes the correlated probit model of Gueorguieva and Agresti (2001) and the generalized linear mixed models of Faes et al. (2008), and Faes, Geys, and Catalano (2009) as special cases. Maximum likelihood estimation of our model parameters is implemented using standard software such as PROC NLMIXED in SAS. The proposed methodology is motivated by and illustrated using a developmental toxicity study of ethylene glycol in mice. This article has supplementary material online.  相似文献   

Occurrence and diversity of black-foot pathogens on asymptomatic nursery-produced grapevines in Turkiye     

Akgül  Davut Soner  Yıldız  Murat  Güngör Savaş  Nurdan  Bülbül  İzzet  Özarslandan  Mümine  Leon  Maela  Armengol  Josep 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2022,164(1):21-32

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Black-foot (BF) disease of grapevines in nurseries and young vineyards is caused by soil-borne Cylindrocarpon-like asexual morphs. They can be found both in...  相似文献   

Anionic relationships in leaf petiole sap of tomato and capsicum plants growing in a glasshouse     

C.F. Alcaraz  F. Romojaro  A. Leon  S. Llorente 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):173-181

The nitrate, chloride and sulphate content and their interaction effects in capsicum and tomato plants growing in glasshouse under fertigation systems was studied. Using leaf petiolesap concentrations as an index of the uptake rhythm, it was found that nitrate‐chloride and nitrate‐chloride plus sulphate relationships are regulated by potential or logarithmical laws. Nitrate‐sulphate interactions only appear clear in capsicum plants, but not for tomato.

The utilization of these interaction curves may permit the use of waters with a relatively high saline level for the irrigation of the both capsicum and tomato plants, by suitable planning of the nitrate supply in the fertigation program.  相似文献   

Yard Waste Composting with Heat Recovery     

Leon Jaccard  Pierre Lehmann  Marcello Civilini  Marco de Bertoldi 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):10-14

? The feasibility of yard waste composting in a closed continuous reactor with heat recovery has been investigated. Results obtained in this research are reported and discussed. In the system, the recovered energy (heat) can be transformed by a heat pump in hot water both for domestic and for residential heating. The organic fertilizer produced can be used in horticulture.  相似文献   

The role of population and quantitative genetics and modern sequencing technologies to understand evolved herbicide resistance and weed fitness     

Ramon G Leon  Jeffrey C Dunne  Fred Gould 《Pest management science》2021,77(1):12-21

Evolution of resistance to multiple herbicides with different sites of action and of nontarget site resistance (NTSR) often involves multiple genes. Thus, single‐gene analyses, typical in studies of target site resistance, are not sufficient for understanding the genetic architecture and dynamics of NTSR and multiple resistance. The genetics of weed adaptation to varied agricultural environments is also generally expected to be polygenic. Recent advances in whole‐genome sequencing as well as bioinformatic and statistical tools have made it possible to use population and quantitative genetics methods to expand our understanding of how resistance and other traits important for weed adaptation are genetically controlled at the individual and population levels, and to predict responses to selection pressure by herbicides and other environmental factors. The use of tools such as quantitative trait loci mapping, genome‐wide association studies, and genomic prediction will allow pest management scientists to better explain how pests adapt to control tools and how specific genotypes thrive and spread across agroecosystems and other human‐disturbed systems. The challenge will be to use this knowledge in developing integrated weed management systems that inhibit broad resistance to current and future weed‐control methods. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

A Survey of U.S. Obstetrician‐Gynecologists' Clinical and Epidemiological Knowledge of Cryptosporidiosis in Pregnancy     

B. T. Domjahn  M. C. Hlavsa  B. Anderson  J. Schulkin  J. Leon  J. L. Jones 《Zoonoses and public health》2014,61(5):356-363

Although cryptosporidiosis is frequently diagnosed in the U.S., there has been very little assessment of obstetrician–gynaecologist knowledge about this disease. In 2010, we surveyed U.S. obstetricians about the diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis. Data were examined through univariable analysis and multivariable regression models. Of 1000 obstetrician–gynaecologists surveyed, 431 (43.1%) responded. Only 44.4% of respondents correctly identified that prolonged, intermittent diarrhoea would lead them to consider cryptosporidiosis in a differential diagnosis. Routine ova and parasites (O&P) testing was incorrectly chosen to identify Cryptosporidium in stool by 30.4% of respondents. Questions about nitazoxanide, the only drug approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of cryptosporidiosis, were the most frequently missed questions. Only 9.0% of respondents correctly classified nitazoxanide as an FDA pregnancy Category B drug, and only 5.6% of respondents correctly indicated that FDA approved nitazoxanide for immunocompetent patients aged ≥1 years. Regarding prevention‐ and control‐related knowledge, only 14.1% of respondents correctly indicated that alcohol‐based hand sanitizers were not effective at inactivating Cryptosporidium spp., and <10% correctly indicated that cryptosporidiosis is a reportable disease in their state of practice. Multivariable analysis found that ≥19 years in practice was positively associated with O&P diagnostic testing knowledge, while rural and urban non‐inner city practice location, compared with suburban practice location, was positively associated with nitazoxanide knowledge. The low level of knowledge among obstetrician–gynaecologists about cryptosporidiosis indicates a need to develop resources for physicians about all aspects of cryptosporidiosis, particularly on diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies.  相似文献   

Influence of gonadotropins on insulin- and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-induced steroid production by bovine granulosa cells     

Spicer LJ  Chamberlain CS  Maciel SM 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2002,22(4):237-254

To determine the effect of gonadotropins on insulin- and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I)-induced bovine granulosa cell functions, granulosa cells from bovine ovarian follicles were cultured for 2 days in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), and then cultured for an additional 2 days in serum-free medium with added hormones. In the presence of 0 or 1 ng/mL of insulin or IGF-I, FSH had little or no effect (P>0.05) on estradiol production by granulosa cells from both small (1–5 mm) and large (≥8 mm) follicles. However, in the presence of ≥3 ng/mL of insulin, FSH increased (P<0.05) estradiol production by granulosa cells from small and large follicles such that the estimated dose (ED₅₀) of insulin necessary to stimulate 50% of the maximum estradiol production was decreased by 2- to 3-fold from 22 to 28 ng/mL in the absence of FSH to 7–14 ng/mL in the presence of FSH. Similarly, in the presence of ≥3 ng/mL of IGF-I, FSH increased (P<0.05) estradiol production by granulosa cells from small and large follicles such that the ED₅₀ of IGF-I for estradiol production was decreased by 4- to 5-fold from 25 to 36 ng/mL in the absence of FSH to 5–6 ng/mL in the presence of FSH. In the presence of FSH, the maximal effect of insulin on estradiol production was much greater than that of IGF-I (137- versus 12-fold increase) and were not additive; when combined, 100 ng/mL of IGF-I completely blocked the stimulatory effect of 100 ng/mL of insulin. In the absence of FSH, the maximal effect of insulin and IGF-I on estradiol production was similar. Concomitant treatment with 30 ng/mL of LH reduced (P<0.05) insulin-stimulated estradiol production by 52% on day 1 and 19% on day 2 of treatment. Insulin, IGF-I and FSH also increased (P<0.05) granulosa cell numbers and progesterone production but their maximal effects were less (i.e., <4-fold increase) than their effects on estradiol production. In conclusion, insulin and IGF-I synergize with FSH to directly regulate ovarian follicular function in cattle, particularly granulosa cell aromatase activity.  相似文献