New Insights on the Terpenome of the Red Seaweed Laurencia dendroidea (Florideophyceae,Rhodophyta)     

Louisi Souza de Oliveira  Diogo Antonio Tschoeke  Aline Santos de Oliveira  Lilian Jorge Hill  Wladimir Costa Paradas  Leonardo Tavares Salgado  Cristiane Carneiro Thompson  Renato Crespo Pereira  Fabiano L. Thompson 《Marine drugs》2015,13(2):879-902

The red seaweeds belonging to the genus Laurencia are well known as halogenated secondary metabolites producers, mainly terpenoids and acetogennins. Several of these chemicals exhibit important ecological roles and biotechnological applications. However, knowledge regarding the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds is still very limited. We detected 20 different genes involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid precursors, and 21 different genes coding for terpene synthases that are responsible for the chemical modifications of the terpenoid precursors, resulting in a high diversity of carbon chemical skeletons. In addition, we demonstrate through molecular and cytochemical approaches the occurrence of the mevalonate pathway involved in the biosynthesis of terpenes in L. dendroidea. This is the first report on terpene synthase genes in seaweeds, enabling further studies on possible heterologous biosynthesis of terpenes from L. dendroidea exhibiting ecological or biotechnological interest.  相似文献   

Relative importance of inoculum sources of Guignardia citricarpa on the citrus black spot epidemic in Brazil     

Marcel B. Spósito  Lilian Amorim  Renato B. Bassanezi  Pedro T. Yamamoto  Marcos R. Felippe  Ana B.C. Czermainski 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1546-1552

Guignardia citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS), forms ascospores and conidia in citrus leaf litter and only conidia on fruit and twigs. The objective of this work was to determine the relative importance of inoculum sources of ascospores and conidia in the progress of CBS under natural conditions in Brazil. A first experiment was conducted in an orchard subdivided into two areas. In one area, fallen leaves were removed and in the other area fallen leaves were maintained. In each area, two treatments were established: 1) CBS symptomatic mature fruit remained on the trees after the new fruit set, and 2) CBS symptomatic mature fruit were harvested before the new fruit set. A second experiment was carried out in a CBS-free experimental orchard where detached symptomatic fruit and leaf litter on the orchard floor and detached symptomatic fruit and dead twigs on the tree canopy were distributed to investigate the spread of disease. In the first experiment disease incidence was similar for all treatments in all years. However, in 2003, in the area without leaf litter (absence of the ascospores source), disease intensity and the rate of progress of disease incidence were higher when there was overlap of mature and young fruit. In the second experiment, only detached symptomatic fruit and dead twigs on the tree canopy were able to spread CBS in two years of the experiment. The distance of disease spread was less than 80 cm from these inoculum sources. The removal of fallen leaves was not sufficient to completely suppress the disease because of the presence of conidia in fruit and dead twigs. Therefore the reduction of conidia sources should be considered in CBS management in Brazil.  相似文献   

Size, stability, and entrapment efficiency of phospholipid nanocapsules containing polypeptide antimicrobials     

Were LM  Bruce BD  Davidson PM  Weiss J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):8073-8079

The effect of lipid composition [phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cholesterol] on size, stability, and entrapment efficiency of polypeptide antimicrobials in liposomal nanocapsules was investigated. PC, PC/cholesterol (70:30), and PC/PG/cholesterol (50:20:30) liposomes had entrapment efficiencies with calcein of 71, 57, and 54% with particle sizes of 85, 133, and 145 nm, respectively. Co-encapsulation of calcein and nisin resulted in entrapment efficiencies of 63, 54, and 59% with particle sizes of 144, 223, and 167 nm for PC, PC/cholesterol (70:30), and PC/PG/cholesterol (50:20:30), respectively. Co-encapsulation of calcein and lysozyme yielded entrapment efficiencies of 61, 60, and 61% with particle sizes of 161, 162, and 174 nm, respectively. The highest concentration of antimicrobials was encapsulated in 100% PC liposomes. Nisin induced more calcein release compared to lysozyme. Results demonstrate that production and optimization of stable nanoparticulate aqueous dispersions of polypeptide antimicrobials for microbiological stabilization of food products depend on selection of suitable lipid-antimicrobial combinations.  相似文献   

Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine alone or in combination with methadone,morphine or tramadol in sheep          下载免费PDF全文

Leonardo L de Carvalho  Lilian T Nishimura  Luisa PB Borges  Sofia A Cerejo  Isadora OJ Villela  Adam Auckburally  Ewaldo de Mattos‐Junior 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):179-188

  相似文献   

Cytokine and antibody subclass responses in the intestinal lymph of sheep during repeated experimental infections with the nematode parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis     

Pernthaner A  Cole SA  Morrison L  Green R  Shaw RJ  Hein WR 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,114(1-2):135-148

The expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma genes, and parasite-specific IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgA and total IgE levels, were monitored daily in intestinal lymph of sheep infected repeatedly with the nematode parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Host genotype had a significant influence on IL-13 gene activity, with resistant-line (R) sheep consistently expressing higher levels of mRNA than susceptible-line (S) sheep. Mean gene expression of IL-13, IL-4 and IFN-gamma did not differ significantly between the first and second nematode challenge. Field-primed R and S as well as field-primed R and na?ve S sheep had lower mean gene expression of IL-5 and IL-10, respectively, during the second when compared to primary challenge. Genes for IL-13 and IL-5 were transiently and strongly up-regulated after nematode infection, particularly in animals with previous exposure to nematodes. Genes for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were also transiently up-regulated, but to a lesser extent and more typically after primary challenge. Na?ve sheep of both genotypes produced relatively little antibody response after primary challenge. A second nematode challenge resulted in large increases in the lymphatic levels of all antibody sub-classes which were significant for adult antigen-specific IgA and larval antigen-specific IgG1. In na?ve S line sheep, the larval-specific IgA and IgG2 response appeared delayed when compared to the R line animals. Field-primed R and S line sheep had relatively high lymphatic IgG1 levels prior to experimental infection and these did not change significantly afterwards. These results demonstrate that during nematode infections, the intestinal micro-environment of sheep is transiently skewed towards Th2 cytokine dominance, although IFN-gamma gene expression continues. This response is accompanied by increases of nematode-specific IgG1, IgA, IgG2 and IgM, as well as of total IgE in lymph plasma.  相似文献   

Influence of pH on Structure and Function of Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Protein Isolates     

Lilian E. Abugoch  Nora E. Martínez  María Cristina An 《Cereal Chemistry》2010,87(5):448-453

Structural and functional properties of two amaranth protein isolates as a function of pH were studied. Isolates, A9 and A11, were obtained by alkaline extraction at pH 9 and 11, respectively. Gel filtration chromatograms of A9 and A11 showed similar profiles. The A11 isolate contained mainly albumins and globulins, and a small proportion of globulin‐P aggregates, suggesting the presence of species with a higher degree of denaturation compared to A9. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that A9 was characterized by two thermal transitions (65.8 and 98°C); A11 exhibited only a small endotherm (66.6°C) and a second, less defined one. DSC analysis of A9 at pH 2–4 did not show endotherms, but at pH 5, some protein structures were observed. A11 showed a greater degree of denaturation. FPLC results showed that the proteins in A9 are more folded and their conformation is closer to the native state than those in A11, which are more unfolded due to pH‐mediated denaturation, mainly in acid media. The surface hydrophobicity of the isolates in acid media was lower than in alkaline media. The fluorescence emission spectra of the isolates showed differences in acidic pH conditions. As expected, the highest solubility was at alkaline pH. The water‐holding capacity was similar for both isolates. The water‐imbibing capacity and speed of foaming was higher for A11 than for A9. In summary, intense pH treatment of amaranth isolates generated partial or total protein denaturation and differences in the functional properties.  相似文献   

Factors affecting taste scores of early season seedless table grape cv. Mystery and Prime.     

Lilian Sonego  Susan Lurie  Yohanan Zuthi  Tatiana Kaplonov  Ruth Ben-Arie  Itzhak Kosto 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(3):544-548

Table grapes of cv. Mystery and Prime were harvested from 10 farms in two growing areas of Israel over two seasons. The grapes were separated on the basis of sucrose solutions from 12 to 18%; soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and pH were determined; and taste tests were conducted. SSC gave the best correlation with taste tests, and multiple regression of SSC, TA, and pH improved the correlation. There were both seasonal and regional differences in the measured maturity parameters. Lower TA and higher pH were found in grapes from the Jordan Valley. Volatiles were predominantly C(6) compounds hexanal and 2-hexanal, contributing a fresh aroma to the grapes. It is concluded that Mystery and Prime grapes have good organoleptic quality if harvested at SSC levels of >14%.  相似文献   

Effects of dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with opioids on intraocular pressure in healthy Beagle dogs     

Ewaldo Mattos-Junior  Bruno H. Pypendop  Tatiana M. Cabrini  Cristiane S. Honsho  Lilian T. Nishimura 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(4):541-544

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine alone or in combination with different opioids on intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs.Study designExperimental, prospective, crossover, randomized, blinded study.AnimalsA total of six Beagle dogs (two males and four females) aged 2 years and weighing 15.9 ± 2.9 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsDogs were distributed randomly into seven treatments (n = 6 per treatment) and were administered dexmedetomidine alone (10 μg kg^–1; Dex) or in combination with butorphanol (0.15 mg kg^–1; DexBut), meperidine (5 mg kg^–1; DexMep), methadone (0.5 mg kg^–1; DexMet), morphine (0.5 mg kg^–1; DexMor), nalbuphine (0.5 mg kg^–1; DexNal) or tramadol (5 mg kg^–1; DexTra). All drugs were administered intramuscularly. IOP was measured before drug injection (time 0, baseline) and every 15 minutes thereafter for 120 minutes (T15–T120).ResultsThere were significant reductions in IOP compared with baseline in treatments Dex and DexMep at times T30–T120, and in treatment DexMet at T15–T90. IOP decreased compared with baseline in treatments DexBut, DexNal and DexTra at all evaluation times. No changes in IOP were seen in treatment DexMor. The mean IOP values in treatment DexMet at T105–T120 were higher than those for other treatments.Conclusions and clinical relevanceDexmedetomidine alone or in combination with butorphanol, meperidine, methadone, nalbuphine or tramadol resulted in decreased IOP for 120 minutes in dogs. The magnitude of the reduction was small and lacked clinical significance.  相似文献   

甘蔗近缘野生种蔗茅（Erianthus　rufipilus）的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

萧凤回  李富生  何丽莲  段承俐  李清辉 《亚热带农业研究》1996,(2)

本研究表明蔗茅（Ｅｒｉａｎｔｈｕｓｒｕｆｉｐｉｌｕｓ）在我国分布于滇、黔、川、藏、桂、陕、甘、鄂８省（区）海拔４８０－２８００米的区域。其体细胞染色体数目为２Ｎ＝２０，不同区域的无性系２Ｎ数目未发现变异，但减数分裂染色体配对构型略有差异．蔗茅茎秆的锤度普遍较高，最高可达２２％，但种群内变异较大，即使同一野生群落内也有明显差异。蔗茅同一个体不同小穗内的花药数目变异较大，总体变化在０—３枚之间。蔗茅的高锤度、花药数目的易变性及染色体数目的稳定性表明：蔗茅在甘蔗起源和进化上具有一定的重要性，在甘蔗育种的基础研究上应给予重视。，达极显著水平。表２列出了１４个蔗茅无性系的花药数目的小穗百分率。总体而言，可按百分率把蔗茅的花药数目变异为４类：（１）以３花药小穗为主，同时出现２花药和单花药的小穗，西藏、四川和陕西都有这类无性系出现，共有６个无性系。（２）以单花药小穗为主，同时出现３花药、２花药和无花药小穗，共有５个无性系，原产于云南和西藏。（３）以２花药小穗为主，同时出现３花药和单花药小穗；共２有个无性系，原产于四川和云南。（４）３花药、２花药、单花药小穗百分率基本相等，只见于陕西的一个无性系中。从地理上看，云南和西藏的?  相似文献   

甘蔗与蔗茅杂交不同世代的SSR指纹图谱构建   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姚春雪  王先宏  何丽莲  李富生 《分子植物育种》2011,9(3):381-389

本研究采用12对引物对67份"崖城89/9×昆明蔗茅"杂种不同世代(F1,BC1,BC2)及其亲本材料进行SSR多态性分析,扩增的总条带数为234条,其中多态性带为216条,多态率为92.31%,表明崖城89/9与蔗茅野生种杂交后代材料间存在较大差异;各后代材料与原始亲本"崖城89/9"及"昆明蔗茅"间的平均遗传相似系...  相似文献