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11.
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Fernandez-Orozco R Frias J Muñoz R Zielinski H Piskula MK Kozlowska H Vidal-Valverde C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):8972-8979
The effect of fermentation on the antioxidant compounds [vitamins C and E, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and reduced glutathione (GSH)], and antioxidant capacity [superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOD-like activity), peroxyl radical-trapping capacity (PRTC), inhibition of phosphatidylcholine (PC) peroxidation, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)] of soybean (Glycine max cv. Merit) was studied. Fermentation was carried out in solid state in cracked seeds inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus plantarum and in liquid state either in cracked seeds or milled soybean flours fermented naturally by only the microorganisms present in the seeds or by inoculation with L. plantarum. Vitamin C was not detected in the studied samples. Fermentation caused a decrease in vitamin E activity, except when cracked seed was fermented with A. oryzae, R. oryzae, or B. subtilis that increased 31, 30, and 89%, respectively. Fermentation produced an increase in TPC content and did not affect or reduce the GSH content. Fermentation decreased SOD-like activity drastically, while PRTC increased except when it was carried out naturally in cracked seed. TEAC values rose sharply when soybeans were fermented with B. subtilis. Processed soybean extracts inhibited PC peroxidation in comparison with the control assay. On the basis of the results obtained, the relative contributions of vitamin E, TPC, and GSH to antioxidant capacity were calculated and results showed a very high TPC contribution and a low contribution of GSH and vitamin E activity. Optimum results for functional soybean flours were achieved when fermentation was carried out with B. subtilis inoculum. 相似文献
13.
鉴定了测定土壤和粘土矿物阳离子交换量(CEC)的4种方法:(1)常规NH4-Na交换法;(2)亚甲基蓝与亚甲基蓝酸容量法;(3)焦磷酸钠法:(4)亚甲基蓝滤纸点测滴定法。供试样品为采自台湾农田的18份表层(0-15cm)土样,并以粘放物学分的4份样品为参照。试验结果表明,在亚甲基蓝溶液的絮凝,平衡时间和浓度都合适的条件下,能用亚甲基蓝吸附法测定土壤和粘土矿物的阳离子代换量。与常规NH4-Na交换法 相似文献
14.
Weber HA Zart MK Hodges AE Molloy HM O'Brien BM Moody LA Clark AP Harris RK Overstreet JD Smith CS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(25):7352-7358
The characterization of herbal materials is a significant challenge to analytical chemists. Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.), which has been chosen for toxicity evaluation by NIEHS, is among the top 15 herbal supplements currently on the market and contains a complex mixture of indigenous components ranging from carbohydrates and amino acids to isoquinoline alkaloids. One key component of herbal supplement production is botanical authentication, which is also recommended prior to initiation of efficacy or toxicological studies. To evaluate material available to consumers, goldenseal root powder was obtained from three commercial suppliers and a strategy was developed for characterization and comparison that included Soxhlet extraction, HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS analyses. HPLC was used to determine the weight percentages of the goldenseal alkaloids berberine, hydrastine, and canadine in the various extract residues. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid native to Coptis spp. and other common goldenseal adulterants, was also quantitated using HPLC. GC-MS was used to identify non-alkaloid constituents in goldenseal root powder, whereas LC-MS was used to identify alkaloid components. After review of the characterization data, it was determined that alkaloid content was the best biomarker for goldenseal. A 20-min ambient extraction method for the determination of alkaloid content was also developed and used to analyze the commercial material. All three lots of purchased material contained goldenseal alkaloids hydrastinine, berberastine, tetrahydroberberastine, canadaline, berberine, hydrastine, and canadine. Material from a single supplier also contained palmatine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine, thus indicating that the material was not pure goldenseal. Comparative data for three commercial sources of goldenseal root powder are presented. 相似文献
15.
磷矿粉超微细化对磷有效性的影响 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
以含P2O528.97%的同一胶磷矿制备的3种细度磷矿粉为供试材料.采用2%柠檬酸连续浸提的方法,研究了细度和厩肥发酵对磷矿粉释磷效果的影响.结果发现,连续3次浸提的枸溶性磷,细化磷矿粉PR2(400目)和细化磷矿粉PR3(800目)均较普通磷矿粉PR1(100目)提高,达显著水平(p>0.05),细度高的磷矿粉释磷快;磷矿粉与牛粪1:2混合发酵3周后,PR1、PR2、PR3的枸溶性磷含量分别达到发酵前的1.42倍、1.65倍和1.56倍,发酵后PR3的枸溶性磷含量达到未发酵普通磷矿粉PR1的2倍,显示了两种技术结合的累加效应;增加厩肥比例对等质量的磷矿粉活化效果好. 相似文献
16.
不同沼肥对油菜产量、品质及氮素利用效率的影响 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
利用温室盆栽试验研究了鸡粪沼肥(鸡粪沼渣、沼液)和牛粪沼肥(牛粪沼渣、沼液)对油菜产量、品质及氮素利用效率的影响。试验共设8个处理,分别为:不施肥(CK),鸡粪沼渣全部做底肥(JZ),鸡粪沼渣做底肥、沼液做追肥(JZ+JY),鸡粪沼液一半做底肥另一半做追肥(JY),牛粪沼渣全部做底肥(NZ),牛粪沼渣做底肥与沼液做追肥(NZ+NY),牛粪沼液一半做底肥另一半做追肥(NY),化肥一半做底肥另一半做追肥(HF),以上处理除空白外均按等氮量施用。研究结果表明,施用鸡粪沼肥比施用牛粪沼肥处理的油菜产量高,JZ、JZ+JY、JY3个处理油菜产量分别为13.8,14.9,14.8 g/盆,分别比牛粪沼肥相同处理(NZ、NZ+NY和NY)高40%,23%和11%。施用鸡粪沼肥处理油菜的硝酸盐含量要比相应施用牛粪沼肥的高,但在Vc含量上差异不显著;鸡粪沼肥氮素利用效率显著高于牛粪沼肥,这可能和鸡粪沼肥比牛粪沼肥速效养分含量高、养分释放快有关系。 相似文献
17.
不同水分下腐殖酸对杨树生理生化特性和生长的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
盆栽试验研究了不同水分条件下腐殖酸对杨树生理生化特性及生长的影响。结果表明:随水分使用量的增加,配施腐殖酸不同程度的提高了杨树根系活力、叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,但根系活力以常规水分处理的最高。相同水份条件下,配施腐殖酸提高了叶片和根系的生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)含量,但对玉米素(ZT)影响小。低水条件下,配施腐殖酸可降低气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),提高水分利用效率(WUE),提高脱落酸(ABA)含量;在常规和高水分条件下,腐殖酸的施用不同程度的提高了气孔导度(Gs)和光合速率(Pn),显著降低了ABA含量。低水条件下配施腐殖酸对杨树根茎叶重和总生物量影响不大,而在常规和高水分条件下,配施腐殖酸显著提高了杨树根、茎、叶和总生物量,并显著提高了杨树氮、磷、钾养分含量,高水下提高幅度更大。 相似文献
18.
19.
Olivier M Aggarwal A Allen J Almendras AA Bajorek ES Beasley EM Brady SD Bushard JM Bustos VI Chu A Chung TR De Witte A Denys ME Dominguez R Fang NY Foster BD Freudenberg RW Hadley D Hamilton LR Jeffrey TJ Kelly L Lazzeroni L Levy MR Lewis SC Liu X Lopez FJ Louie B Marquis JP Martinez RA Matsuura MK Misherghi NS Norton JA Olshen A Perkins SM Perou AJ Piercy C Piercy M Qin F Reif T Sheppard K Shokoohi V Smick GA Sun WL Stewart EA Fernando J Tejeda Tran NM Trejo T Vo NT Yan SC Zierten DL Zhao S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5507):1298-1302
We have constructed a physical map of the human genome by using a panel of 90 whole-genome radiation hybrids (the TNG panel) in conjunction with 40,322 sequence-tagged sites (STSs) derived from random genomic sequences as well as expressed sequences. Of 36,678 STSs on the TNG radiation hybrid map, only 3604 (9.8%) were absent from the unassembled draft sequence of the human genome. Of 20,030 STSs ordered on the TNG map as well as the assembled human genome draft sequence and the Celera assembled human genome sequence, 36% of the STSs had a discrepant order between the working draft sequence and the Celera sequence. The TNG map order was identical to one of the two sequence orders in 60% of these discrepant cases. 相似文献
20.
九龙山自然保护区黄山木兰群落结构特征及其优势种群结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对浙江省九龙山国家级自然保护区黄山木兰(Magnolia cylindrica)的群落结构特征以及种群结构进行了调查研究。结果表明:黄山木兰群落植被具有热带向温带过渡的性质;群落主要伴生种为多脉青冈(Cyclobalanopsis multinervis);该群落具有明显的中亚热带常绿阔叶林特征,以高位芽占绝对的优势,叶的特征以中叶、纸质的单型叶为主;群落成层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;群落物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度都偏低;种群结构呈纺锤型,幼苗数量严重不足,种群有衰退的趋势;种群格局呈集群分布。 相似文献