Rapid quantification of plant-powdery mildew interactions by qPCR and conidiospore counts     

R Weßling  R Panstruga 《Plant methods》2012,8(1):35-11

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The powdery mildew disease represents a valuable patho-system to study the interaction between plant hosts and obligate biotrophic fungal pathogens. Numerous discoveries have been made on the basis of the quantitative evaluation of plant-powdery mildew interactions, especially in the context of hyper-susceptible and/or resistant plant mutants. However, the presently available methods to score the pathogenic success of powdery mildew fungi are laborious and thus not well suited for medium- to high-throughput analysis. RESULTS: Here we present two new protocols that allow the rapid quantitative assessment of powdery mildew disease development. One procedure depends on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based evaluation of fungal biomass, while the other relies on the quantification of fungal conidiospores. We validated both techniques using the powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces orontii on a set of hyper-susceptible and resistant Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and found that both cover a wide dynamic range of one to two (qPCR) and four to five (quantification of conidia) orders of magnitude, respectively. The two approaches yield reproducible results and are easy to perform without specialized equipment. CONCLUSIONS: The qPCR and spore count assays rapidly and reproducibly quantify powdery mildew pathogenesis. Our methods are performed at later stages of infection and discern mutant phenotypes accurately. The assays therefore complement currently used procedures of powdery mildew quantification and can overcome some of their limitations. In addition, they can easily be adapted to other plant-powdery mildew patho-systems.  相似文献   

NEPTUN,PAPA, Vergleichs- und Demonstrationsbetriebe oder Wer hat da noch den Durchblick?     

Dietmar Roßberg  Silke Dachbrodt-Saaydeh  Jan Helbig  Madeleine Paap  Hella Kehlenbeck 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2018,70(3):139-146

The Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment of the Julius Kühn-Institute operates four different networks: demonstration farms on IPM, reference farms for plant protection, panel pesticide applications and NEPTUN farms. All networks deal with the use of plant protection products in agricultural practice. The latter three also have very similar tasks and are closely interlinked. As a result, outsiders have significant problems distinguishing between those four farm networks and assigning the respective activities to the “right” corresponding network.Therefore, the publication aims at presenting comparatively the tasks and objectives of the various networks and to explain to the reader what are they doing, what are the differences, as well as why and how the establishment of these four different farm networks has come about.  相似文献   

Sodium in feline nutrition          下载免费PDF全文

P. Nguyen  J. Zentek  N. Paßlack  V. Leray 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2017,101(3):403-420

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Erhebungen zur Anwendung von chemischen Pflanzenschutzmitteln in Zuckerrüben   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Dietmar Roßberg  Nelia Aeckerle  Nicol Stockfisch 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2017,69(2):59-66

Freely available information on the actual use of chemical plant protection products (PPPs) in agriculture is highly necessary for a number of scientific questions and political discussions. Therefore, since 2000, regular surveys on the use of PPPs have been carried out for the most important agricultural and horticultural crops in Germany (NEPTUN projects). In 2011, they were adjusted to legal framework changes. Since then they are known as PAPA surveys with “PAPA” being an abbreviation for Panel Pesticide Applications. For each crop a network of farms was built up. In each network, the PPP application data are collected annually, anonymized and forwarded to the Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI).All surveys and analyses based on the panel refer to the Federal Republic of Germany. The participating farms are distributed throughout Germany proportionally to the production area per crop.In sugar beet cultivation the results of PAPA surveys show that the plant protection intensity has increased slightly in recent years comparing the PAPA results with the years 2005 to 2010. There are diverse reasons for this development. Difficult-to-control weeds occurred on an increasing acreage in recent years. At the same time, an early appearance of foliar diseases (approximately beginning of July) combined with warm and humid weather during the following weeks leads to the development of the main pathogen causing leaf spot diseases in sugar beet (Cercospora beticola) in many regions. A continuing development of leaf spots increases the need for repeated fungicide applications. A high infestation with aphids was the dominating reason for increased insecticide applications in some years. Additional influences on the treatment index are due to changes in the authorization of PPPs.  相似文献   

Pesticide exposure assessment for surface waters in the EU. Part 2: Determination of statistically based run‐off and drainage scenarios for Germany          下载免费PDF全文

Martin Bach  Mirjam Diesner  Dietlinde Großmann  Djamal Guerniche  Udo Hommen  Michael Klein  Roland Kubiak  Alexandra Müller  Jan Priegnitz  Kai Thomas  Matthias Trapp 《Pest management science》2017,73(5):852-861

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Provision of physiological data and reference values in awake and anaesthetized female sheep aged 6–12 months     

Tim Kampmeier  Philip Arnemann  Michael Heßler  Sebastian Rehberg  Andrea Morelli  Martin Westphal  Matthias Lange  Hugo Van Aken  Christian Ertmer 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):518-528

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Effects of method of harvest of Triticum aestivum L. on straw biomass and estimated accumulation of soil carbon          下载免费PDF全文

C. Weiser  R. Bischof  H. Heß 《European Journal of Soil Science》2017,68(6):971-978

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Soil type, management history, and soil amendments influence the development of soil-borne (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum) and air-borne (Phytophthora infestans, Hyaloperonospora parasitica) diseases     

Lucius Tamm  Barbara Thürig  Christian Bruns  Jacques G. Fuchs  Ulrich Köpke  Matias Laustela  Carlo Leifert  Nicole Mahlberg  Bruno Nietlispach  Christoph Schmidt  Felix Weber  Andreas Fließbach 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(4):465-481

The impact of soil type, long-term soil management, and short-term fertility input strategies on the suppressiveness of soils against soil-borne (Ocimum basilicum – Rhizoctonia solani, Lepidium sativum – Pythium ultimum) as well as air-borne (Lycopersicon esculentum – Phytophthora infestans, Arabidopsis thaliana – Hyaloperonospora parasitica) diseases was studied. Soils from field trials established in five European sites with contrasting pedo-climatic conditions were examined. Sites included (i) a long-term management field trial comparing organic and conventional farming systems (DOK-trial, Therwil, Switzerland) (ii) a short-term fertility input field trial comparing mineral and organic matter fertilisation regimes (Bonn (BON), Germany) (iii) two short-term fertility input field trials (Stockbridge (STC) and Tadcaster (TAD), UK) comparing the impact of farmyard manure, composted farmyard manure, and chicken manure pellet amendements and (iv) soil from a site used as a reference (Reckenholz (REC), Switzerland). Soil type affected disease suppressiveness of the four pathosystems signficantly, indicating that soils can not only affect the development of soil-borne, but also the resistance of plants to air-borne diseases at relevant levels. Suppressiveness to soil- and air-borne diseases was shown to be affected by soil type, but also by long-term management as well as short-term fertility inputs.  相似文献   

Correlated effects of exotic pollen‐fertility restorer genes on agronomic and quality traits of hybrid rye          下载免费PDF全文

Thomas Miedaner  Cathérine Pauline Herter  Heike Goßlau  Peer Wilde  Bernd Hackauf 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):224-229

In CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility)‐based hybrid rye (Secale cereale L.) breeding, effective pollen‐fertility restoration is an essential prerequisite for achieving maximum grain yield on the one hand and for minimizing ergot (Claviceps purpurea) infestation on the other. Restorer genes for the CMS‐inducing ‘Pampa’ cytoplasm derived from landraces collected in Iran and Argentina are used by breeders for achieving this goal. Here, restorer genes from four germplasm sources (‘Altevogt 14160’, ‘IRAN III’, ‘Trenelense’ and ‘Pico Gentario’) were analysed by producing three‐way cross hybrids between an elite CMS single cross and pollinators with and without a given restorer gene. Materials were evaluated on large drilled plots for restorer index (RI), grain yield, plant height and other traits in six environments. In experiment 1, a restorer gene from ‘Altevogt 14160’ was used. Seven pairs of marker‐selected carrier and non‐carrier backcross lines served as pollinators. In experiment 2, the pollinators were 17 backcross line pairs from the other three germplasm sources. These lines were grouped as high (RI > 67%) and low restorers (RI < 30%), respectively, using testcrosses with a highly diagnostic CMS tester. Hybrids carrying an exotic restorer gene suffered from a significant grain yield reduction by 4.4% and 9.4% and were 9.3 and 4.8 cm taller in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Thousand‐kernel weight was reduced, whereas quality traits were only slightly affected. For all traits, significant genetic variance existed among the testcrosses to the presence vs. absence of a given exotic restorer gene. This offers a chance for the breeder to reduce or ultimately overcome the presently observed performance reductions brought about by exotic restorer genes.  相似文献   

Bücheranzeigen     

Dr. Friß Ernst  Schüpfer  L. G. Nomell 《European Journal of Forest Research》1931,53(21):763-771

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