A novel murrel Channa striatus mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase: gene silencing,SOD activity,superoxide anion production and expression     

Jesu Arockiaraj  Rajesh Palanisamy  Prasanth Bhatt  Venkatesh Kumaresan  Annie J. Gnanam  Mukesh Pasupuleti  Marimuthu Kasi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(6):1937-1955

We have reported the molecular characterization including gene silencing, superoxide activity, superoxide anion production, gene expression and molecular characterization of a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD) from striped murrel Channa striatus (named as CsmMnSOD). The CsmMnSOD polypeptide contains 225 amino acids with a molecular weight of 25 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.3. In the N-terminal region, CsmMnSOD carries a mitochondrial targeting sequence and a superoxide dismutases (SOD) Fe domain (28–109), and in C-terminal region, it carries another SOD Fe domain (114–220). The CsmMnSOD protein sequence shared significant similarity with its homolog of MnSOD from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (96 %). The phylogenetic analysis showed that the CsmMnSOD fell in the clade of fish mMnSOD group. The monomeric structure of CsmMnSOD possesses 9 α-helices (52.4 %), 3 β-sheets (8.8 %) and 38.8 % random coils. The highest gene expression was noticed in liver, and its expression was inducted with fungal (Aphanomyces invadans) and bacterial (Aeromonas hydrophila) infections. The gene silencing results show that the fish that received dsRNA exhibited significant (P < 0.05) changes in expression when compared to their non-injected and fish physiological saline-injected controls. The SOD activity shows that the activity increases with the spread of infection and decreases once the molecule controls the pathogen. The capacity of superoxide anion production was determined by calculating the granular blood cell count during infection in murrel. It shows that the infection influenced the superoxide radical production which plays a major role in killing the pathogens. Overall, this study indicated the defense potentiality of CsmMnSOD; however, further research is necessary to explore its capability at protein level.  相似文献   

Comparison of results from the semiautomated serum bone alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme assay with the periosteal alkaline phosphatase assay for use in rat models     

Powers CS  Schultze AE  Krishnan V  Sato M  Hoffmann WE 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(3):285-287

BACKGROUND: Assessment of bone formation activity is an important component of pharmacologic efficacy and toxicity evaluations for compounds in development for osteoporosis therapies. Antemortem biomarkers of bone formation and remodeling in rodents are uncommon. While the periosteal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay is a postmortem and laborious means of testing bone-building activity, the semiautomated ALP isoenzyme assay is an antemortem assay that is performed on an automated chemistry analyzer after 2 simple dilutions of the initial serum sample and a short incubation. OBJECTIVES: The goal of our investigation was to determine if the serum bone ALP (BALP) data obtained from the semiautomated ALP isoenzyme assay had a similar pattern of response when compared with the periosteal ALP (PALP) assay for use in pharmacologic screening in rats. METHODS: Serum and bone tissue samples were obtained from orchidectomized Wistar rats, a model of clinically induced osteoporosis. Subsequent bone formation was initiated via treatment with one of several compounds. In study 1, orchidectomized male rats were given either vehicle, dihydrotestosterone or a testosterone derivative subcutaneously every 4 days for 28 days. In study 2, orchidectomized male rats were given either vehicle or compounds A, B, or C by oral gavage daily for 15 days. Blood and tibias were collected at necropsy. Serum was analyzed for BALP activity using a semiautomated ALP assay. Tibias from the same rats were analyzed for PALP activity. RESULTS: Serum BALP activity paralleled PALP activity within each group when compared with the controls. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that the semiautomated serum BALP isoenzyme assay may be used as a biomarker of bone-building potential in rat models of osteoporosis. This assay affords many advantages to investigators of musculoskeletal diseases, including the potential to measure multiple data points in a single study.  相似文献   

Role of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in the generation of black tea theaflavins.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N Subramanian  P Venkatesh  S Ganguli  V P Sinkar 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(7):2571-2578

It has been reported earlier that when macerated tea leaf is fermented at lower pH, the resultant black tea contains increased levels of theaflavin, an important quality marker in black tea. In an attempt to investigate the biochemistry and chemistry underlying this observation, in vitro oxidation experiments using polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from fresh tea leaves, horseradish peroxidase (POD), and tea catechins, precursors for theaflavins, were carried out. In vitro oxidation experiments using crude tea PPO resulted in higher content of theaflavins at pH 4.5 in comparison with pH 5.5, the normal pH of the macerated tea leaf. When purified PPO was used in the in vitro system, surprisingly a reversal of this trend was observed, with more theaflavins being formed at the higher pH. A combination of pure tea PPO and POD led to an observation similar to that with the crude enzyme preparation, suggesting a possible role for POD in the formation or degradation of theaflavin. POD was observed to oxidize theaflavins in the presence of H(2)O(2), leading to the formation of thearubigin, another black tea pigment. This paper demonstrates that tea PPO, while oxidizing catechins, generates H(2)O(2). The amount of H(2)O(2) produced is greater at pH 5.5, the optimum pH for PPO activity, than at pH 4.5. Hence, an observed increase of theaflavins in black teas fermented at pH 4.5 appears to be due to lower turnover of formed theaflavins into thearubigins.  相似文献   

Farmers' perceptions and practices for managing tomato leaf curl virus disease in southern India     

N. Nagaraju  H. M. Venkatesh  H. Warburton  V. Muniyappa  T. C. B. Chancellor  J. Colvin 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):333-338

A survey of 174 tomato farmers in five districts of Karnataka State, South India, was conducted between March and July 1998 with the objectives of assessing farmers' knowledge and perceptions of tomato leaf curl virus disease (ToLCVD) and examining their current control practices. The findings showed that farmers were familiar with ToLCVD and regarded it as a serious constraint upon production, particularly in the hot season. However, only 2% of farmers were aware that tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) was transmitted by a whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci . A similarly small number of farmers knew that ToLCVD was caused by a virus, whilst 86% of farmers believed that it was caused by high temperatures. Approximately 90% of farmers relied primarily on pesticides for control of ToLCVD. Few ToLCV-resistant varieties were available but one such variety, Avinash II, was grown by 13% of farmers in the hot season when incidence of the disease is highest. Farmers visiting experimental trials at a farmer field day, showed a strong interest in new advanced breeding tomato lines with resistance to ToLCV. Factors affecting the adoption of ToLCV-resistant varieties by tomato farmers are discussed.  相似文献   

Overripening of ovulated eggs in goldfish,Carassius auratus: II. Possible involvement of postovulatory follicles and steroids     

M. J. Formacion  B. Venkatesh  C. H. Tan  T. J. Lam 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(3):237-246

Changes in steroid hormone levels in the serum and ovarian fluid during overripening were studied in goldfish. Ovulated eggs retained in the ovarian cavity became overripe at around 12h after ovulation based on loss of fertilizability, with advanced degeneration by 24h. Blood and ovarian fluid were taken at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24h after ovulation. Both serum and ovarian fluid progesterone (P) showed a highly significant decline by 18h with a further decline by 24h; P levels were higher in the ovarian fluid. Serum 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17,20-P) levels showed a progressive and more rapid decline, decreasing significantly by 12h with further decreases by 18h and 24h. Serum testosterone (T) levels increased significantly at 3h and remained high till 18h, thereafter they declined to the 0h level. No significant changes in estradiol-17 (E₂) levels were observed in the serum, except for a significant difference between 6 and 24h. There were no significant changes in ovarian fluid E₂, T or 17,20-P levels.The postovulatory follicles (POFs) showed degenerative changes which corresponded to the decline in P and 17,20-P. The hypothesis that overripening may be associated with declining levels of P or 17,20-P was tested in vivo by immersing just ovulated females (0h) in P or 17,20-P solutions for 12h, and in vitro by immersing just-ovulated eggs (0h) in ovarian fluid with an anti-serum against P (Anti-P). In the former, P at 0.05 ppm significantly enhanced the fertilization rate of ovulated eggs stripped from the females at 12h while 17,20-P did not produce a significant effect at the tested concentrations (0.025 and 0.05 ppm) on the fertilization rate. In the latter, anti-P significantly lowered the fertilization rate of 0h ovulated eggs after 6h incubation. The evidence suggests a role of P in the maintenance of viability of ovulated eggs.  相似文献   

Delivery of a Holstein-Friesian calf with multiple skeletal abnormalities     

Varalakshmi S  Vidhya M  Sathya A  Venkatesh G  Balasubramanian S  Jayaprakash R  Devanathan TG 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(1):28

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Improved growth and weed control of glyphosate-tolerant poplars     

Kori Ault  Venkatesh Viswanath  Judith Jayawickrama  Cathleen Ma  Jake Eaton  Rick Meilan  Grant Beauchamp  William Hohenschuh  Ganti Murthy  Steven H. Strauss 《New Forests》2016,47(5):653-667

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Anti-diabetic activity of flowers of Hibiscus rosasinensis     

Venkatesh S  Thilagavathi J  Shyam Sundar D 《Fitoterapia》2008,79(2):79-81

The ethanol extract of flowers of Hibiscus rosasinensis at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the blood glucose level in both acute (1, 3, 5 h) and sub acute (1, 3, 5, 7 days) treatments.  相似文献   

Structural basis of TLR5-flagellin recognition and signaling     

Yoon SI  Kurnasov O  Natarajan V  Hong M  Gudkov AV  Osterman AL  Wilson IA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6070):859-864

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A Decision-Analytic Approach for Designing Aquaculture Treatment Wetlands Subject to Intermittent Loading under Uncertainty     

Venkatesh Uddameri  Brian Dyson 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,186(1-4):297-309

Intermittent wastewater loading, a characteristic of aquaculture operations, undermines the usefulness of treatment wetlands designed using the steady state assumption. Being biological systems, the treatment variability of such wetlands must also be addressed during the design phase. A simulation-optimization model suitable for modeling intermittent pollutant releases and identifying optimal area and wastewater loading patterns for aquaculture operations is integrated with a decision-analytic framework to determine wetland area and release pattern under uncertainty and risk. Wetland area and release patterns corresponding to different decision making priorities were obtained by applying the minimax, maximax, Hurwicz and minimax regret criteria. The developed methodology provides a convenient framework for aquaculture operators and wetland design engineers to consider trade-off between the wetland size (an indicator of construction and opportunity costs) and wastewater loadings (an indicator of operation costs) during the design process. The results can also be used to characterize the risk-attitudes of the aquaculture operators and identify the worth of additional studies (i.e., pilot tests) given their risk-preferences.  相似文献