Changes in physico-chemical and biological properties of soil under conservation agriculture based pearl millet – mustard cropping system in rainfed semi-arid region     

Mukesh Choudhary  K.S. Rana  M.C. Meena  R.S. Bana  Praveen Jakhar  P.C. Ghasal 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(7):911-927

Poor soil health and low soil water content during crop growing period are major factor for low productivity of pearl millet – mustard rotation under rainfed semi-arid regions. The authors evaluated five different tillage and residue management practices for improving physico–chemical and biological properties of soil. Results showed that conservation agriculture (CA) practice (zero tillage (ZT) with 4 t ha^–1 residue retention) exhibited higher proportion of soil macro-aggregate. It also increased infiltration rate of about 15.2% over conventional tillage without residue but ZT increased soil penetration resistance in surface soil layer. In the residue applied plots, ~2–4% (w/w) higher soil water content was maintained throughout the season than the no-residue plots. CA practice had the highest soil organic carbon (4.96 g kg^–1) and microbial biomass carbon (188.3 μg g^–1 soil). Significant and positive correlation was also found between soil organic carbon with infiltration rate (r = 0.73**), mean weight diameter (r = 0.80**) and microbial biomass carbon (r = 0.86**). Thus, this study suggests that ZT with residue retention can be advocated in pearl millet – mustard rotations for improving, productivity, soil health and maintaining higher soil water content in rainfed semi-arid regions.  相似文献   

Serogroups, atypical biochemical characters, colicinogeny and antibiotic resistance pattern of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic calves in Gujarat, India     

Arya G  Roy A  Choudhary V  Yadav MM  Joshi CG 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(2):89-98

This study was designed to investigate the antibiotic resistance, colicinogeny, serotyping and atypical biochemical characteristics of 41 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains detected using polymerase chain reaction from 90 E. coli strains isolated from 46 diarrhoeic calves. The STEC strains belonged to 14 different serogroups. Seventeen per cent of the STEC strains carried the eaeA gene while 14.28% of the 49 non-STEC strains were eaeA positive. Twenty eight (68.29%) of the 41 STEC strains were rhamnose non-fermentors. All the STEC strains revealed resistance to at least three of the antibiotics tested. 100% resistance was found against kanamycin and cephalexin followed by cephaloridine, enrofloxacin, amikacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftiofur, ciprofloxacin, colistin and co-trimoxazole. Eighteen (44%) of the STEC strains produced colicin and all these colicinogenic strains were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Eleven STEC strains (26.82%) showed urease activity. The results of this study suggest that diarrhoeic calves are an important reservoir of STEC strains that are potentially pathogenic for farm animals and humans. Moreover, rhamnose fermentation, colicinogeny and atypical biochemical behaviour, such as urease activity, may serve as important markers or diagnostic tools for epidemiological surveys to trace the source of infection in disease outbreaks.  相似文献   

Tripartite symbiosis of Pisum–Glomus–Rhizobium leads to enhanced productivity,nitrogen and phosphorus economy,quality, and biofortification in garden pea in a Himalayan acid Alfisol     

Bengia Bai  Anil Kumar  Anil K. Choudhary 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(4):600-613

The present study was carried out to assess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) economy, quality, and productivity of garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) through dual-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Rhizobium in an acid Alfisol. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design replicated thrice comprising 13 treatments viz. Rhizobium along with three graded N levels (25%, 50%, and 75% soil-test-based recommended N), AMF along with three graded P levels (25%, 50%, and 75% soil-test-based recommended P), dual-inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium conjoint with four graded N and P levels (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% soil-test-based recommended N and P), and three other treatments viz. generalized recommended NP potassium (K) dose (GRD), farmers' practice, and absolute control. The results revealed that dual-inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium enhanced the pea productivity, macronutrient (NPK) and micronutrient iron, copper, zinc, and manganese (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) concentrations, and their uptake besides enhancing garden pea quality. Also, dual-inoculation of both symbionts at 75% and 100% soil-test-based N and P dose behaved statistically alike with respect to pea pod yield, NPK uptake, and quality parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) and crude protein (CP), thus indicating an economy of about 25% soil-test-based N and P dose through co-inoculation. AMF and Rhizobium dual-inoculated treatments led to enhanced TSS and CP in pea pods by 4.2% and 6.2%, respectively, over GRD, while sole application of AMF- or Rhizobium-imbedded treatments could enhance these quality parameters by 2.1% only in each case. Similarly, the highest N and P response ratio was registered in dual-inoculated treatments. Overall, dual-inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium with 75% soil-test-based N and P dose in pea can save up to 25% fertilizer N and P dose in acid Alfisol.Also, this tripartite symbiosis besides enhancing pea quality led to better bio-fortified pea seeds with micronutrients especially Fe and Zn, which can greatly curtail the widespread anemia and Zn deficiency in humans living in Himalayan acid Alfisol.  相似文献   

Genetic resources of Chironji (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Buchanania lanzan</Emphasis> Spreng.): a socio-economically important tree species of central Indian tribal population     

S. K. Malik  R. Chaudhury  N. S. Panwar  O. P. Dhariwal  Ravish Choudhary  Susheel Kumar 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(4):615-623

Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (Chironji) is a socio-economically important underutilized fruit and life support species of tribal populations of north, west and central India. A survey and germplasm collection programme undertaken in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh observed that B. lanzan is found as natural wild in the forest, marginal lands and occasionally in farmer’s fields. A total of 72 diverse accessions of this important tree species were collected from the diversity–rich areas of India having wide range of variation in agro-morphological traits among the accessions. This species has high socio-economic value providing livelihood to tribal population of these areas and has high potential as commercial horticulture species. Fresh ripen fruits and extracted seed kernels have several nutritional and medicinal properties. Seed kernel and extracted kernel oil is used for the preparation of several Indian dishes. Traditional indigenous knowledge revealed immense importance of almost all parts of plant like roots, leaves, fruits, seeds and gum for various medicinal applications like cure for blood disorder, fever, ulcers, burning sensation of body, diarrhoea, dysentery, asthma, snakebite, etc. Due to direct harvesting of economically important parts of tree from natural habitat, genetic resources of B. lanzan are facing severe threat of extinction and need immediate conservation efforts.  相似文献   

Litchi stink bug (Tessaratoma javanica) outbreak in Jharkhand, India, on litchi     

Jaipal S. Choudhary  Chandra S. Prabhakar  Moanaro  Bikash Das  Shivendra Kumar 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(1):73-77

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In retrospect: managing an invasive pest,fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda,in maize in India through digital and conventional networking pays off rich dividends towards crop sustainability     

Mayee  C. D.  Gujar  G. T.  Dass  Sain  Balasubramanian  P.  Kapoor  Yashika  Choudhary  Bhagirath 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(1):67-71

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Faced with onslaught of an invasive pest, the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, detected first on maize crop in the Indian state of Karnataka in May...  相似文献   

Retraction Note: Retraction note to: Nutritional evaluation of wheat straw treated with Crinipellis sp. in Sahiwal calves     

Munnurpal Satyanarayana Mahesh  Madhu Mohini  Pankaj Jha  Sanjay Pandurang Sawant  Shivlal Singh Kundu  Ramesh Chander Kuhad 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(3):589-589

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A new iridoid glycoside from Linaria genestifolia     

Ahmad VU  Kousar F  Zubair M  Khan A  Ali MS  Choudhary MI  Sener B 《Fitoterapia》2006,77(1):12-14

A new iridoid glycoside named genestifolioside (1) was isolated from the ethanol extract of Linaria genestifolia. Its structure was defined by spectral analysis.  相似文献   

Studies on the nutritional status of children aged 0-5 years in a drought-affected desert area of western Rajasthan, India     

Singh MB  Fotedar R  Lakshminarayana J  Anand PK 《Public health nutrition》2006,9(8):961-967

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of drought on the nutritional status of pre-school children aged 0-5 years from a rural population in a desert area facing drought conditions very frequently. DESIGN: The sampling design for assessment was the three-stage sampling technique. SETTING: The study was carried out in 24 villages belonging to six tehsils (sub-units of district) of Jodhpur District, a drought-affected desert district of western Rajasthan, during a drought in 2003. SUBJECTS: A total of 914 children were examined at household level, with nutritional status assessed by anthropometry, dietary intake and clinical signs of nutritional deficiency. RESULTS: The results revealed growth retardation. Stunting (malnutrition of long duration) was observed in 53% of children and underweight in 60%. Wasting, an indicator of short-duration malnutrition, was present in 28% of children. The extent of malnutrition was significantly higher in girls than boys (P<0.05). Vitamin A and B complex deficiencies were found in 0.7 and 3.0% of children, respectively. Prevalence of marasmus (protein-energy malnutrition, PEM) was 1.7% (2.3% in boys and 1.1% in girls). Overall deficits in mean energy and protein intakes were very high (76 and 54%, respectively). Comparison of the present drought results with earlier studies in desert normal and desert drought conditions showed higher prevalence of PEM and higher dietary energy and protein deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wasting was high, greater than the cut-off point of 15% stated by the World Health Organization to indicate that the severity of malnutrition is critical. PEM, vitamin A and B complex deficiencies and anaemia, along with dietary deficits of energy and protein, were observed to be higher than in non-desert areas. This may be due to the harsh environmental conditions in desert areas where drought occurs quite frequently and adversely affects the economy, largely by eroding the coping capacity and economic potential of the people as a result of heavy livestock losses and reduced harvests, leading to increased poverty and poor food intake of the inhabitants. Due to inadequate consumption of daily food the children were suffering from wasting and PEM. Efforts should be made to incorporate measures, such as ensuring the supply of adequate energy and protein to all age groups and especially pre-school children, into ongoing nutrition programmes in order to improve the food security of local inhabitants in this area.  相似文献   

Cytogenetics of Brassica juncea×Brassica rapa hybrids and patterns of variation in the hybrid derivatives     

B. R. Choudhary    P. Joshi  S. Rama  Rao 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(4):292-296

Interspecific hybridization is an important tool to elucidate intergenomic relationships, transfer characters across species and develop synthetic amphidiploids, and it has been widely applied for improving Brassicas. The objective of the present study was to create genetic variability in Brassica through interspecific hybridization. Crosses between Brassica juncea (AABB, 2n= 36), and Brassica rapa (AA, 2n = 20) vars toria, yellow sarson, and brown sarson were attempted, and the hybrid derivatives were advanced to the F4 generation. Hybrids were obtained from the crosses B. juncea× toria and B. juncea× yellow sarson. The F₁ plants were vigorous and intermediate to the parents in many morphological traits. The meiotic study of AAB hybrids showed 10 II + 8 I in the majority (71.8%) of cells analysed. A maximum of 12 and a minimum of seven bivalents were also observed in a few cells. The occurrence of multivalent associations (trivalents to pentavalents) at diakinesis/metaphase I and a bridge‐fragment configuration at anaphase I were attributed to homoeology between A and B genomes. A high percentage of plants resembling B. juncea was observed in the F₂ generation. Transgressive segregation in both directions was found for plant height, primary branches, main raceme length, siliquae on main raceme, siliqua intensity, seeds per siliqua and seed yield. There were significant differences for the 14 characters in the F₄ derivatives. Moderate to high estimates of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, broad‐sense heritability, and expected genetic advance were found for seed yield, 1000‐seed weight, siliquae per plant, seeds per siliqua and days to flowering. Intergenomic recombination, reflected as wide variation in the hybrid progenies, permitted the selection of some useful derivatives.  相似文献