Effect of management of a Himalayan Alfisol on water conservation for rainfed crops     

R.M. Bhagat  S. Chand 《Soil & Tillage Research》1994,28(3-4):203-212

Field experiments were conducted during 1989 and 1990 to study the effect of various soil management practices on water conservation during the two prime planting periods in the lower Himalayan region. Treatments studied were: zero tillage with weed control (ZT+W), zero tillage (ZT), fine tilth (FT), coarse tilth (CT), zero tillage with surface-applied lantana (Lantana camara L.) mulch at 10 t ha⁻¹ (ZT+M), fine tilth with surface-applied lantana mulch at 10 t ha⁻¹ (FT+M), fine tilth with surface-applied farmyard manure mulch at 10 t ha⁻¹ (FT+FYM) and fine tilth with FYM incorporated at 10 t ha⁻¹ (FYM). The soils were Typic Hapludalfs with pH 5.8, organic carbon 6.6 g kg⁻¹ and cation exchange capacity 12 cmol (P⁺) (100 g)⁻¹. The lantana mulch application to fine tilth (FT+M) or zero tillage (ZT+M) maintained higher seed-zone water content and profile water storage as compared with all the other treatments. Highest water depletion was observed under ZT+W treatment. Seed germination is likely to occur only under FT+M and ZT+M during the two prime planting periods, if field capacity water content is considered to be limiting for seed germination. However, for the other treatments rainfall would invariably be required to increase the surface water content, to allow germination and early seedling establishment.  相似文献   

Biochemical characterization of amandin,the major storage protein in almond (Prunus dulcis L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sathe SK  Wolf WJ  Roux KH  Teuber SS  Venkatachalam M  Sze-Tao KW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(15):4333-4341

The almond major storage protein, amandin, was prepared by column chromatography (amandin-1), cryoprecipitation (amandin-2), and isoelectric precipitation (amandin-3) methods. Amandin is a legumin type protein characterized by a sedimentation value of 14S. Amandin is composed of two major types of polypeptides with estimated molecular weights of 42-46 and 20-22 kDa linked via disulfide bonds. Several additional minor polypeptides were also present in amandin. Amandin is a storage protein with an estimated molecular weight of 427,300 +/- 47,600 Da (n = 7) and a Stokes radius of 65.88 +/- 3.21 A (n = 7). Amandin is not a glycoprotein. Amandin-1, amandin-2, and amandin-3 are antigenically related and have similar biochemical properties. Amandin-3 is more negatively charged than either amandin-1 or amandin-2. Methionine is the first essential limiting amino acid in amandin followed by lysine and threonine.  相似文献   

Isolation,purification, and biochemical characterization of a novel water soluble protein from Inca peanut (Plukenetia volubilis L.)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sathe SK  Hamaker BR  Sze-Tao KW  Venkatachalam M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(17):4906-4908

A water soluble storage albumin from Inca peanut (IPA) accounted for approximately 25% (w/w) of defatted seed flour weight, representing 31% of the total seed protein. IPA is a 3S storage protein composed of two glycosylated polypeptides, with estimated molecular weights (MW) of 32800 and 34800 Da, respectively. IPA has an estimated sugar content of 4.8% +/- 0.92% (n = 6). IPA is a basic protein (pI of approximately 9.4) and contains all of the essential amino acids in adequate amounts when compared to the FAO/WHO recommended pattern for a human adult. The tryptophan content of IPA is unusually high (44 mg/g of protein), whereas the phenylalanine content is low (9 mg/g of protein). IPA is a highly digestible protein in vitro.  相似文献   

Comparison of dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) with other serological tests for the detection of Brucella antibodies in bovine sera     

P Chand  J R Sadana  H V Batra  R N Khanna 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1989,36(5):346-352

A dot Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (dot-ELISA), using whole cell Brucella abortus antigen dotted on the nitrocellulose membrane bound to a plastic strip (dipstick) was employed for the detection of Brucella antibodies in bovine sera. The results were compared with that of serum agglutination (SAT), Rose Bengal plate agglutination (RBPT) and Complement Fixation test (CFT). All the four tests gave negative reaction in 127 sera obtained from a brucellosis free herd. Testing of 549 sera from a chronically infected herd revealed 57 positive and 447 negative animals in all the four assays. Of the remaining 45 sera, 34 were positive in dot-ELISA. Six of these cases were independently detected by dot-ELISA while 28 showed positive reactions in combination with other tests. When serum samples from 158 aborted cases were subjected to dot-ELISA, 79 were found positive. Of these dot-ELISA positive cases, 71 gave positive reaction in SAT, 72 in RBPT and 78 in CFT. B. abortus biotype 3 was isolated from 34 of the 98 aborted fetuses examined.  相似文献   

Single agent gemcitabine chemotherapy in dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma     

Turner AI  Hahn KA  Rusk A  Gamblin RM  Cosgrove SB  Griffice K  Khanna C 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(6):1384-1388

BACKGROUND: Gemcitabine has been shown to be effective as a single agent in a variety of tumors including nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Its use in veterinary medicine has been limited and to date this drug has not been used as a first-line therapy in dogs with lymphoma. HYPOTHESIS: Gemcitabine as a single agent may be efficacious in dogs presented for the first time with lymphoma. ANIMALS: Twenty-four dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma. METHODS: All dogs were clinically staged and given gemcitabine at 400 mg/m(2) over a 30-minute intravenous infusion weekly for 3 weeks and then given 1 week off treatment before starting a second cycle. RESULTS: A single dose of gemcitabine lowered both neutrophil count (decrease in mean neutrophil count from 10,640 cells/ microL to 3,140 cells/microL) and platelet count (decrease in mean platelet count from 201,290 cells/microL to 139,190 cells/microL) 7 days after administration. Consequently gemcitabine dosage was reduced at the second treatment in 8 of 21 dogs or a dose delay of 1-7 days and a reduction of dosage was used in 7 of 21 dogs. Seven dogs completed the assigned 4-week cycle. Two of these dogs had progressive disease and 5 had stable disease. No objective responses were seen in dogs treated with a second cycle of gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Gemcitabine administration as a single agent resulted in hematologic toxicity and did not reduce lymphoma burden. If gemcitabine is to be used in veterinary medicine, additional prospective pharmacologic studies should be done to determine the appropriate dosage, regimen, and schedule of use before it can be recommended for use in the treatment of dogs with lymphoma as a single agent.  相似文献   

Psoroptes cuniculi induced oxidative imbalance in rabbits and its alleviation by using vitamins A, D3, E, and H as adjunctive remedial     

Singh SK  Dimri U  Sharma MC  Swarup D  Kumar M  Tiwary R 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):43-48

The oxidant/antioxidant balance of rabbits naturally infected with Psoroptes cuniculi and treated with ivermectin +/− vitamins A, D₃, E, and H supplementation was investigated. Two groups of seven mixed ♂ and ♀, 6-to-8 month-old New Zealand White rabbits, diagnosed Psoroptes mites-positive by skin scraping examination and seven clinically healthy control rabbits were examined. Blood samples were obtained on day 0 and at 28 days post-therapy to determine oxidative stress indices. On day 0, the levels of lipid peroxides were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.01) in the Psoroptes-infected rabbits compared with the healthy controls while those of reduced glutathione and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.01). Vitamin supplementation of the ivermectin-treated rabbits revealed both faster clinical (14 days) and parasitological (10 days) recovery. It was concluded that significant alteration of oxidant/antioxidant balance is a factor in the pathogenesis of P. cuniculi infestation of rabbits, and recovery can be enhanced by combining ivermectin treatment with vitamin A, D_3, E, and H supplementation.  相似文献   

Soil degradation and mitigation in agricultural lands in the Indian Anthropocene     

Ranjan Bhattacharyya  Arti Bhatia  Birendra N. Ghosh  Priyabrata Santra  Debashis Mandal  Gopal Kumar  Raman Jeet Singh  Madegowda Madhu  Avijit Ghosh  Arup K. Mandal  Ranjan Paul  Ashim Datta  Parbodh C. Sharma  Uttam K. Mandal  Pramod Jha  Kokkuvayil S. Anil  Manickam Lalitha  Mahesh Kumar  Nav R. Panwar  Dibyendu Sarkar  Ashok K. Patra  Sumanta Kundu  Michael A. Fullen  Jean Poesen  Bhabani Sankar Das  Nagarjuna N. Reddy  Suresh K. Chaudhari 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(4):e13388

Current widespread and intensive soil degradation in India has been driven by unprecedented levels of population growth, large-scale industrialization, high-yield agriculture, urban sprawl and the spread of human infrastructure. The damage caused to managed and natural systems by soil degradation threatens livelihoods and local services and leads to national socio-economic disruption. Human-induced soil degradation results from land clearing and deforestation, inappropriate agricultural practices, improper management of industrial effluents and wastes, careless management of forests, surface mining, urban sprawl, and ill-planned commercial and industrial development. Of these, inappropriate agricultural practices, including excessive tillage and use of heavy machinery, over-grazing, excessive and unbalanced use of inorganic fertilizers, poor irrigation and water management techniques, pesticide overuse, inadequate crop residue and/or organic carbon inputs, and poor crop cycle planning, account for nearly 40% (121 Mha) of land degradation across India. Globally, human activities related to agriculture contribute to the transgression of four of the nine Planetary Boundaries proposed by Rockström et al. (2009): Climate Change, Biodiversity Integrity, Land-system Change, and altered Phosphorus and Nitrogen Biogeochemical Flows. This review focuses on how knowledge of soil processes in agriculture has developed in India over the past 10 years, and the potential of soil science to meet the objectives of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger (End hunger, achieve food security, improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture), using the context of the four most relevant Planetary Boundaries as a framework. Solutions to mitigate soil degradation and improve soil health in different regions using conservation agricultural approaches have been proposed. Thus, in this review we (1) summarize the outputs of recent innovative research in India that has explored the impacts of soil degradation on four Planetary Boundaries (Climate Change, Biodiversity Loss, Land-system Change, and altered Biogeochemical Flows of Phosphorus and Nitrogen) and vice-versa; and (2) identify the knowledge gaps that require urgent attention to inform developing soil science research agendas in India, to advise policy makers, and to support those whose livelihoods rely on the land.  相似文献   

Herd and individual animal prevalence of bovine brucellosis with associated risk factors on dairy farms in Haryana and Punjab in India   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Puran Chand  Rajesh Chhabra 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(6):1313-1319

Herd and individual animal prevalence along with associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis was assessed on dairy farms located in 22 districts in Haryana and Punjab of India. Examination of 4,580 female animals of 119 dairy farms by Rose Bengal test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that an overall herd prevalence was 65.54 % (78/119) and individual animal prevalence was 26.50 % (1,214/4,580). Herd prevalence in Haryana was 62.79 % which was not significantly different (P?=?0.4208) from Punjab (72.72 %). Individual animal prevalence was 34.15 % in Punjab which was significantly higher (P?<?0.0001) than Haryana (22.34 %). Prevalence of brucellosis on dairy farms was detected in 20 of the 22 districts, of which 12 districts were in Haryana and 8 in Punjab. Risk factors such as species of animals, age of animals, herd size, awareness of dairymen for brucellosis, entry of a purchased animals on the farm, abortion on farm, use of calving pens, type of breeding, and type of farming were analyzed. The study indicated that the odds ratio (OR) was significant with risk factors of species (OR?=?1.63; 95 %CI?=?1.40–1.90; P?<?0.0001), age (OR?=?0.22; 95 %CI?=?0.17–0.29; P?<?0.0001), awareness of brucellosis among dairymen (OR?=?21.65; 95 %CI?=?2.63–178.04; P?=?0.0042), entry of purchased animal on the farm (OR?=?9.16; 95 %CI?=?2.38–35.18; P?=?0.0012), abortion in animals (OR?=?5.57; 95 %CI?=?1.92–16.10; P?=?0.0015) and on cow farm (OR?=?3.43; 95 %CI?=?1.33–8.82; P?=?0.0105). While the OR was insignificant (P?>?0.05) with risk factors of herd size, use of calving pen on farms, type of breeding and on buffalo and mixed type of farms.  相似文献   

Physiological responses of dietary tryptophan fed Labeo rohita to temperature and salinity stress     

M. S. Akhtar  A. K. Pal  N. P. Sahu  A. Ciji  D. K. Meena  P. Das 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(6):1075-1083

Two experiments were conducted to elucidate the possible effects of dietary L‐tryptophan (TRP) in Labeo rohita based on growth performance and physio‐biochemical responses. In the experiment I, a 60‐day feeding trial was carried out to elucidate the effects of dietary TRP enrichment on growth performance and physio‐biochemical responses. In the experiment II, the TRP pre‐fed L. rohita, from experiment I, was exposed to temperature and salinity stress to evaluate stress‐mitigating efficacy of TRP. In L. rohita, dietary supplementation of TRP showed significant effect on weight gain percentage and feed conversion ratio but not on blood glucose. A significant increase in RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio upon TRP supplementation was observed and was positively correlated with growth performance. The results of experiment II indicated that weight gain percentage, serum T3 and T4 levels were significantly reduced in groups that were exposed to temperature and salinity stress and fed diets without TRP supplementation. However, dietary supplementation of TRP significantly augmented weight gain percentage in stress‐exposed groups. Tryptophan supplementation helped in bringing back T3 and T4 levels comparable with control. A significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, Adenosine triphosphatase, blood glucose and serum cortisol was observed in temperature‐ and salinity‐exposed groups fed without TRP‐supplemented diets. However, TRP supplementation was found to be effective in restoring the above parameters. The results of these experiments suggest that dietary TRP supplementation augments growth, lowers energy demand and helps in mitigating thermal and salinity stress in L. rohita.  相似文献   

Responses of aerobically grown iron chlorosis tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to soil iron management in an Inceptisol     

Mahaveer Nogiya  Bhupinder Singh  Geeta Singh  Mahesh Chand Meena  Samar C. Datta 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(10):1387-1400

Iron deficiency is a serious nutritional disorder in aerobic rice, causing chlorosis, poor yields and reduced grain nutritional quality. The problem can be managed by complementing the use of Fe-efficient plant type with a suitable Fe management strategy. In the present paper, we report the effect of eight iron management practices to resolve the problem of iron (Fe) chlorosis through the use of an iron deficiency tolerant (IDTR) and iron deficiency susceptible (IDSR) rice genotype, i.e. Pusa 33 and ADT 39, respectively. Fe deficiency tolerance of these genotypes was related to the root release of PS which enabled a higher uptake of Fe in the IDTR than the IDSR under Fe deficiency. In general, IDTR performed better than the IDSR as evident from a significant increase in total iron, active iron, chlorophyll content and grain and straw yield. IDSR produced the highest grain and straw yield under slow iron release nano clay complex source. Grain Fe content of the IDTR and IDSR increased by 18.9 and 13.4%, respectively, under recommended dose of Fe. The results identified the most effective soil management strategies for the alleviating Fe deficiency chlorosis and improving Fe nutrition of both IDTR and IDSR genotypes.  相似文献