Marine and Semi-Synthetic Hydroxysteroids as New Scaffolds for Pregnane X Receptor Modulation     

Valentina Sepe  Francesco Saverio Di Leva  Claudio D’Amore  Carmen Festa  Simona De Marino  Barbara Renga  Maria Valeria D’Auria  Ettore Novellino  Vittorio Limongelli  Lisette D’Souza  Mahesh Majik  Angela Zampella  Stefano Fiorucci 《Marine drugs》2014,12(6):3091-3115

In recent years many sterols with unusual structures and promising biological profiles have been identified from marine sources. Here we report the isolation of a series of 24-alkylated-hydroxysteroids from the soft coral Sinularia kavarattiensis, acting as pregnane X receptor (PXR) modulators. Starting from this scaffold a number of derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their ability to activate the PXR by assessing transactivation and quantifying gene expression. Our study reveals that ergost-5-en-3β-ol (4) induces PXR transactivation in HepG2 cells and stimulates the expression of the PXR target gene CYP3A4. To shed light on the molecular basis of the interaction between these ligands and PXR, we investigated, through docking simulations, the binding mechanism of the most potent compound of the series, 4, to the PXR. Our findings provide useful functional and structural information to guide further investigations and drug design.  相似文献   

Species loss and aboveground carbon storage in a tropical forest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Bunker DE  Declerck F  Bradford JC  Colwell RK  Perfecto I  Phillips OL  Sankaran M  Naeem S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5750):1029-1031

Tropical forest biodiversity is declining, but the resulting effects on key ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and sequestration, remain unknown. We assessed the influence of the loss of tropical tree species on carbon storage by simulating 18 possible extinction scenarios within a well-studied 50-hectare tropical forest plot in Panama, which contains 227 tree species. Among extinction scenarios, aboveground carbon stocks varied by more than 600%, and biological insurance varied by more than 400%. These results indicate that future carbon storage in tropical forests will be influenced strongly by future species composition.  相似文献   

Identification of genomic regions linked to blast (Pyricularia grisea) resistance in pearl millet     

Mahesh Pujar  Sushil Kumar  Rajan Sharma  Punna Ramu  Raman Babu  Shashi K. Gupta 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(4):506-517

Blast disease causes serious economic yield losses in pearl millet. Identification and introgression of genomic regions associated with blast resistance can help to develop resistant cultivars to minimize yield losses incurred from blast outbreaks. In this study, 384 advanced pearl millet genotypes were screened against six blast pathotype-isolates (major pearl millet growing agro-ecologies of India), namely, Pg 45, Pg 118, Pg 138, Pg 186, Pg 204 and Pg 232. Analysis of variance showed significant (P < .001) variation among genotypes for blast reaction (susceptible to resistance). ICMR 08111 and ICMR 10888 genotypes showed resistance to all six blast pathotypes. A genome-wide association study performed with 264,241 single nucleotide polymorphic markers could successfully identify 15 SNPs (P = 1.26 × 10⁻⁷ to 9.22 × 10⁻¹²) underlying the genomic regions governing blast-resistance across five different chromosomes. The SNPs reported had a significant association in at least two of the three models tested (GLM, MLM and Farm CPU). These SNPs can be used in pearl millet-resistant breeding programmes after their function has been validated across different genetic backgrounds.  相似文献   

Exogenously applied plant growth regulator protects rice from heat-induced damage by modulating plant defense mechanism     

Lakshmi  G.  Beena  R.  Soni  K. B.  Viji  M. M.  Jha  Uday Chand 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2023,26(1):63-75

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of biostimulants such as spermidine (1&nbsp;mM, 2&nbsp;mM), indole-3-acetic acid...  相似文献   

Molecular advancements in male sterility systems of Capsicum: A review     

Salesh Kumar Jindal  Major Singh Dhaliwal  Om Prakash Meena 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(1):42-64

In recent years, plant molecular research on genetic mapping, gene tagging and cloning, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) have gained importance in crop improvement programmes. In Capsicum, several inter- and intra-specific genetic maps with wide distribution of markers covering the whole genome have been developed. Recently, whole genome of the hot pepper C. annuum, its wild progenitor C. annuum var. glabriusculum and C. baccatum has been sequenced. The Capsicum genome size has been estimated to be approx. 4× (3.48 Gb) the genome size of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (900 Mb). Breeders’ access to the pepper genomic information would facilitate the choice of markers from different linkage groups, thus paving the way for gene cloning and its introgression into the elite breeding lines through MAS. Till date, approx. 20 independently inherited nuclear male sterility (NMS) genes have been reported. Linked markers have been identified for ms1, ms3, ms8, ms10, ms_k, msc-1 and an undesignated gene. However, markers tightly linked to ms8 and ms10 are still lacking. Except ms1, ms3, ms8 and ms10, the map position of other NMS genes is not known. In cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), markers for the mitochondrial gene atp6 have been developed and the gene cloned. Number of markers some very tightly linked to the restorer-of-fertility (Rf) gene have been identified. However, the actual map position of the Rf locus is still not determined. Another CMS-associated nuclear gene “pr” responsible for restoring partial fertility has been identified and tagged. In this review, we have compiled up-to-date information about the marker technology relating to the NMS and the CMS-associated genes in Capsicum. This information can be useful when screening Capsicum germplasm, developing NMS lines through MAS, improving efficiency of the NMS system, transferring rf gene for maintainer line breeding and Rf genes for restorer line breeding in CMS and assessing genetic purity of the hybrid seed.  相似文献   

Delineating Genotype × Environment interactions towards durable resistance in mungbean against Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens) using GGE biplot     

Arpita Das  Sanjeev Gupta  Ashok K. Parihar  Deepak Singh  Ramesh Chand  Aditya Pratap  Kansam Dayamoy Singha  Kailash Pati Singh Kushwaha 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(3):639-650

Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens) is a major fungal disease which impedes mungbean production worldwide. Presence of wider host range with existence of pathogenic variability creates intricacy towards host-pathogen dynamics. Moreover, environmental factors having crucial role in augmenting severity of this disease further complicate disease management. An attempt has been made for unfolding genotype x environment interactions towards identifying and validating durable resistant genotypes against cercospora leaf spot in multi-environment testing. Preliminary screening with 246 genotypes under artificial epiphytotic condition was conducted to extract out a subset of 22 mungbean genotypes for further evaluation in field testing across six environments consecutively for two years. GGE biplot analysis detected significant environmental influence towards genotypic response and confirmed the presence of non-crossover interaction with incoherent genotypic response, thus advocating the urgency for multi-location testing. GGE biplot aptly identified “LGG 460” and “COGG 912” as “ideal” and “desirable” genotypes, respectively having durable resistance and genetic homeostasis and thus suggested for their utilization in future resistance breeding programme in mungbean against cercospora leaf spot.  相似文献   

Development of ISSR- and RAPD-derived SCAR markers for identification of Gladiolus germplasm     

Niraj Singh  Ashish K. Pal  Baleshwar Meena  R. K. Roy  Sushma Tamta 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(6):577-582

Gladiolus is an economically important ornamental crop, cultivated for its beautiful flowers throughout the world. The correct genotype identification of plant material is very significant for the floriculture industry. The aim of this study was to develop sequence-characterised amplified region (SCAR) markers from RAPD and ISSR fragments for identification and authentication of Gladiolus germplasm. The SCAR markers developed could be easily employed as valuable tools to identify newly developed Gladiolus cultivars. The SCAR markers, viz. ScG12, ScG34, and ScG36, are specific to the DNA from all 62 Gladiolus cultivars, as they did not amplify the DNA of other taxa of the family Iridaceae, including Iris, Amaryllis, and Narcissus. All three SCAR markers distinguished Gladiolus from other taxa of the family Iridaceae, whereas marker ScAm was specific to the ‘Amethyst’ cultivar. Our results confirmed that this particular SCAR marker distinguished the ‘Amethyst’ cultivar from the other 62 Gladiolus cultivars investigated in the present study. This development of SCAR markers based on RAPD and ISSR markers seems to be the maiden attempt for Gladiolus cultivars.  相似文献