Distribution of photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-A1a and its effect on heading time in Japanese wheat cultivars     

Masako Seki  Makiko Chono  Tsutomu Nishimura  Mikako Sato  Yasuhiro Yoshimura  Hitoshi Matsunaka  Masaya Fujita  Shunsuke Oda  Katashi Kubo  Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe  Hisayo Kojima  Hidetaka Nishida  Kenji Kato 《Breeding Science》2013,63(3):309-316

The Ppd-A1 genotype of 240 Japanese wheat cultivars and 40 foreign cultivars was determined using a PCR-based method. Among Japanese cultivars, only 12 cultivars, all of which were Hokkaido winter wheat, carried the Ppd-A1a allele, while this allele was not found in Hokkaido spring wheat cultivars or Tohoku-Kyushu cultivars. Cultivars with a photoperiod-insensitive allele headed 6.9–9.8 days earlier in Kanto and 2.5 days earlier in Hokkaido than photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. The lower effect of photoperiod-insensitive alleles observed in Hokkaido could be due to the longer day-length at the spike formation stage compared with that in Kanto. Pedigree analysis showed that ‘Purple Straw’ and ‘Tohoku 118’ were donors of Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a in Hokkaido wheat cultivars, respectively. Wheat cultivars recently developed in Hokkaido carry photoperiod-insensitive alleles at a high frequency. For efficient utilization of Ppd-1 alleles in the Hokkaido wheat-breeding program, the effect of Ppd-1 on growth pattern and grain yield should be investigated. Ppd-A1a may be useful as a unique gene source for fine tuning the heading time in the Tohoku-Kyushu region since the effect of Ppd-A1a on photoperiod insensitivity appears to differ from the effect of Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a.  相似文献   

Probing a Coral Genome for Components of the Photoprotective Scytonemin Biosynthetic Pathway and the 2-Aminoethylphosphonate Pathway     

Eiichi Shoguchi  Makiko Tanaka  Takeshi Takeuchi  Chuya Shinzato  Nori Satoh 《Marine drugs》2013,11(2):559-570

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Starch Damage and Pasting Properties of Rice Flours Produced by Dry Jet Grinding     

Md. Sharif Hossen  Itaru Sotome  Makiko Takenaka  Seiichiro Isobe  Mitsutoshi Nakajima  Hiroshi Okadome 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(1):6-11

Milling method and particle size affect some properties of rice flour. To prepare ultra‐fine rice flour of <30 μm, hammer and dry jet grinding methods were examined and the effect of particle size on starch damage and pasting properties of the flour were elucidated. A jet mill could make finer flour (<10 μm mean size) with a narrower particle size distribution than a hammer mill could. Starch damage increased dramatically at a mean size of <10 μm. Particles of a similar size (<60 μm) had different levels of starch damage between mills. Not only the particle size, but also the milling method affected the level of damaged starch. Flour samples of ≥45 μm mean size had similar viscosity curves, but samples of <20 μm had different curves. Peak viscosity and final viscosity decreased sharply at <10 μm. Setback viscosity for particles of 3 μm from both brown rice and white rice were higher than the peak viscosity. Stability to heat and shearing stress were decreased for <20 μm flours as the breakdown viscosities decreased. Starch damage and pasting properties of flour ground from the nonwaxy japonica cultivar Koshihikari changed dramatically at a mean size of <10 μm.  相似文献   

T-cell lymphoma with eosinophilic infiltration involving the intestinal tract in 11 dogs     

Ozaki K  Yamagami T  Nomura K  Narama I 《Veterinary pathology》2006,43(3):339-344

Among the intestinal tumors of hematopoietic cell origin, lymphoma is the most common in the dog. Herein, we characterized the clinical and pathologic features of 11 dogs (average age, 10.6 +/- 2.5 years) with T-cell lymphoma of the intestinal tract with eosinophil infiltrates. No sex predominance was apparent. All had localized tumor masses in the small intestine. Grossly, the intestinal wall was thickened, and the lumen of the affected intestine was usually narrowed. Microscopically, we observed transmural diffuse invasion of round to pleomorphic tumor cells. Tumor cells showed varying morphology, from scanty to abundant cytoplasm, and round to ovoid nuclei with scattered to dense chromatin. In seven of the dogs, tumor cells had infiltrated into the epithelium. All showed infiltration of eosinophils and all 11 tumors had a T-cell phenotype (CD3+, CD79-). Only one tumor stained positive for the mast cell marker c-kit and none was positive for mast cell tryptase. We did not observe ultrastructurally apparent granules in any of the tumor cells. These results suggest that, in dogs, T-cell lymphomas of intestinal origin resemble mast cell tumors of intestinal origin with respect to cell structure and eosinophil infiltration. Therefore, in the absence of epitheliotropism, it is difficult to confirm the differential diagnosis without immunostaining for mast cell and lymphocyte markers, including mast cell tryptase, c-kit, CD3, and CD79.  相似文献   

Involvement of circadian clock in crowing of red jungle fowls (Gallus gallus)          下载免费PDF全文

Shuichi Ito  Makiko Hirose  Mari Iwahara  Azusa Yatsushiro  Atsushi Matsumoto  Masayuki Tanaka  Chinobu Okamoto  Ken‐ichi Yayou  Tsuyoshi Shimmura 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):691-695

The rhythmic locomotor behavior of flies and mice provides a phenotype for the identification of clock genes, and the underlying molecular mechanism is well studied. However, interestingly, when examining locomotor rhythm in the wild, several key laboratory‐based assumptions on circadian behavior are not supported in natural conditions. The rooster crowing ‘cock‐a‐doodle‐doo’ is a symbol of the break of dawn in many countries. Previously, we used domestic inbred roosters and showed that the timing of roosters' crowing is regulated by the circadian clock under laboratory conditions. However, it is still unknown whether the regulation of crowing by circadian clock is observed under natural conditions. Therefore, here we used red jungle fowls and first confirmed that similar crowing rhythms with domesticated chickens are observed in red jungle fowls under the laboratory conditions. Red jungle fowls show predawn crowing before light onset under 12:12 light : dim light conditions and the free‐running rhythm of crowing under total dim light conditions. We next examined the crowing rhythms under semi‐wild conditions. Although the crowing of red jungle fowls changed seasonally under semi‐wild conditions, predawn crowing was observed before sunrise in all seasons. This evidence suggests that seasonally changed crowing of red jungle fowls is under the control of a circadian clock.  相似文献   

Somatic embryogenesis and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) using immature cotyledons     

Mei Gao  Makiko Kawabe  Tatsuya Tsukamoto  Hiromi Hanada  Ryutaro Tao 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

This study describes a successful method of somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation using immature cotyledons of Prunus mume. Immature cotyledons from four different developmental stages of eight different P. mume cultivars were used for the experiments to optimize somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation protocols. Somatic embryogenesis was induced when the explants were cultured on somatic embryo inducing medium consisting of MS basic medium supplemented with 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). They were cultured for 30 days and then transferred to somatic embryo propagation medium containing 0.1 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 5 μM BA. It appeared that the developmental stage of the immature cotyledons used as explants was the most important factor for somatic embryogenesis; higher frequencies of somatic embryogenesis were observed when the immature cotyledons were less than 5 mm in length regardless of cultivars. For genetic transformation, the immature cotyledons were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 harbouring a binary plasmid vector with neomycin phosphotransferase II and an intron-interrupted β-glucuronidase gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, and three transgenic plant lines were obtained from inoculated “Sirakaga” immature cotyledons. Transgenic somatic embryos and shoots were selected using 25 mg l⁻¹ kanamycin. Integration of transgenes in the genome of GUS-positive putative transgenic shoots was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses.  相似文献   

Triterpenoids isolated from Zizyphus jujuba inhibit foam cell formation in macrophages     

Fujiwara Y  Hayashida A  Tsurushima K  Nagai R  Yoshitomi M  Daiguji N  Sakashita N  Takeya M  Tsukamoto S  Ikeda T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4544-4552

Because foam cell formation in macrophages is believed to play an essential role in the progression of early atherosclerotic lesions in vivo, prevention of foam cell formation is considered to be one of the major targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. The present study examined the inhibitory effect of 50 crude plant extracts on foam cell formation. Among those crude extracts, Zizyphi Fructus (ZF) and Zizyphi Semen (ZS) extracts significantly inhibited the foam cell formation induced by acetylated LDL. Furthermore, triterpenoids such as oleanonic acid, pomolic acid, and pomonic acid were the major active compounds, and triterpenoids containing a carboxylic acid at C-28 play an important role in the inhibitory effect on foam cell formation in human macrophages. These data suggest that triterpenoids in Zizyphus jujuba , the plant source of ZF and ZS, may therefore be useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis.  相似文献   

Aluminum oxyhydroxide polymorphs and some micromorphological characteristics in sclerotium grains     

Makiko Watanabe  Akira Genseki  Nobuo Sakagami  Yudzuru Inoue  Hiroyuki Ohta  Nobuhide Fujitake 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(8):1205-1210

The presence of aluminum oxyhydroxide and its micromorphological characteristics in sclerotium grains were examined by SEM, TEM, and EDX analyses. A spherical fraction with a diameter of 100 nm, which contained C and Al as the predominant elements, was recognized as the unit particle of the matrix of sclerotium grains. The Al polymorphs and the Si spherical structures found in the ignited grains were assumed to correspond to boehmite and opaline silica particles, respectively. SEMI analysis revealed the presence of a needle ball structure inside the hollow part of sclerotium grains. The relationship between the inner structure of sclerotium and biochemical processes of the host fungi was discussed.  相似文献   

Saccharides of ectomycorrhizal fungal sclerotia as sources of forest soil polysaccharides     

Yuki Sugiura  Makiko Watanabe  Yaya Nonoyama  Nobuo Sakagami  Yong Guo 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):426-433

ABSTRACT

The neutral monosaccharide composition of forest soils differs from that of non-forest soils suggesting there is an accumulation of microbial saccharides. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can be responsible as the fungi are typical in forest soils. We investigated neutral saccharides of ECM fungal sclerotia to determine what part it might play in the origin of forest soil polysaccarides. Sclerotial grain (SG) was collected from the O, A1 and A2 horizons of a soil of subalpine forest of Mt. Ontake, central Japan. Neutral saccharides in soil and SG were analyzed by two step hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and gas-chromatography of alditol acetate derivatives. Saccharides accounted for 6.0?16% of the SG by carbon content. The SG contained predominantly easily hydrolysable (EH)-glucose, which accounted for 75–85% of the composition depending on grain size and the soil horizon, followed by mannose (7.7?15%), galactose (2.2?4.8%) and non-easily hydrolysable (NEH)-glucose (1.7?6.1%). The SG contained all of these sugars irrespective of its size. The SG collected from the A1 and A2 horizons contained all sugar components found in that from the O horizon, except for fucose in that from A2 horizon. The monosaccharide composition of SG indicates that accumulation of ECM fungal sclerotial polysaccharides might have been responsible for enlarging the molar ratios of (galactose + mannose) /(arabinose + xylose) and EH-glucose/NEH-glucose of forest soils. The proportions of SG saccharides relative to soil saccharides were 3.6, 1.2, and 0.83% for the O, A1 and A2 horizons, respectively. These levels of the proportion are considerable as ECM fugal sclerotia are the products of a limited species among hundreds and thousands of microbial species inhabiting forest soils. The sclerotia forming ECM fungal species such as Cenococcum geophilum may be key sources of forest soil polysaccharides.  相似文献   

Fractionation of woody biomass with boiling aqueous acetic acid containing a small amount of mineral acid at atmospheric pressure: Reactivity of arylglycerol-β-aryl ethers in lignins with aqueous acetic acid containing H2SO4     

Yoshihiro Sano  Shu Shimamoto  Makiko Enoki  Haruo Konno 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(3):217-221

To characterize the mechanism of the reaction of lignin with aqueous acetic acid (AW) containing a small amount of H₂SO₄, guaiacylglycerol--guaiacyl ether (GOG), and guaiacylglycerol--syringol ether (GOS) were refluxed in 90% AW with 0.28% H₂SO₄ for 0–120 min. Reaction products and their silylated derivatives were characterized by analytical methods such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. When the model compounds were allowed to react at boiling temperature for 0 min (heat-up time 30 min), most of their primary alcohol groups and some of their secondary alcohol groups were acetylated, but their phenolic groups were not. About 90% of GOG was degraded, polymerized, or both during boiling for at least 15 min, yielding guaiacol and isocoumaran compounds (GOG-e and GOG-f) in addition to homovanillin (II) as guaiacylvinyl alcohol (I) and other minor products. GOS yielded syringol, homovanillin (II), and a novel compound (V) together with unknown products but not the corresponding isocoumaran compounds.  相似文献