Typification of cider brandy on the basis of cider used in its manufacture     

Rodríguez Madrera R  Mangas Alonso JJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(8):3071-3075

A study of typification of cider brandies on the basis of the origin of the raw material used in their manufacture was conducted using chemometric techniques (principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and Bayesian analysis) together with their composition in volatile compounds, as analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization to detect the major volatiles and by mass spectrometric to detect the minor ones. Significant principal components computed by a double cross-validation procedure allowed the structure of the database to be visualized as a function of the raw material, that is, cider made from fresh apple juice versus cider made from apple juice concentrate. Feasible and robust discriminant rules were computed and validated by a cross-validation procedure that allowed the authors to classify fresh and concentrate cider brandies, obtaining classification hits of >92%. The most discriminating variables for typifying cider brandies according to their raw material were 1-butanol and ethyl hexanoate.  相似文献   

Evolution of sugars in cider brandy aged in oak barrels: a contribution to its characterization     

Blanco Gomis D  Muro Tamayo D  Mangas Alonso JJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(4):923-926

A chemometric study was carried out to typify cider brandies according to the type of wood employed in the maturation process and their aging time. Monosaccharides, previously derivatized with p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester, were analyzed using a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method. Univariate data treatment was not sufficient to enable differentiation of the classes of cider brandies on the basis of wood type and maturation time. Two linear combinations of original variables, ascertained by principal components analysis, provided an adequate data structurization. A mathematical decision rule was established to classify cider brandies with prediction capacities of 92 and 97% using an LDA method and Bayesian analysis, respectively. The use of the PLS algorithm allowed the authors to differentiate cider brandies according to the age and type of oak used in the aging process.  相似文献   

Detection of apple juice concentrate in the manufacture of natural and sparkling cider by means of HPLC chemometric sugar analyses     

Blanco Gomis D  Muro Tamayo D  Suárez Valles B  Mangas Alonso JJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(2):201-203

An HPLC method for sugar analyses in cider was used in order to detect the presence of apple juice concentrate. Sugars, previously derivatized with p-aminobenzoic ethyl ester, were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a C(8) column and a mobile phase of citrate buffer pH 5.5/tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile, operated in gradient mode. The use of this analytical procedure together with chemometric techniques, such as principal component analysis and Bayesean analysis, allowed the authors to establish the minimum concentration of apple juice concentrate obtained by liquefaction or press technology that can be detected in natural cider.  相似文献   

High Embryonic Recovery Rates with In vivo and Ex vivo Techniques in the Bitch     

MR Luz  CC de Holanda  JJ Pereira  PMC Freitas  AEP Salgado  J Di Giorgio Giannotti  SB de Oliveira  NS Teixeira  CR de Freitas Guaitolini 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(4):724-727

The embryonic collection techniques in dogs present a vast methodological variation and low recovery rates. The objectives were to compare and describe two techniques as to the recovery of canine embryos, on the 12th day after the first mating or artificial insemination. Embryos were recovered through uterine horn flushing in vivo, before performing the ovariohysterectomy (OHE) (Group 1; n = 9) or ex vivo, immediately after the OHE (Group 2; n = 9). In total, 43 and 47 embryonic structures were recovered in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between groups on recovery rates (72.8% and 81.0%, respectively). We inferred that both in vivo and ex vivo techniques allow a high rate of embryonic recovery; in the collection technique prior to the OHE, it is essential to carefully handle the reproductive system during the trans‐surgical period and that the 12th day (D12) after the first mating/artificial insemination is an efficient option for the high recovery rate of morulae and blastocysts.  相似文献   

Effect of Estradiol and Progesterone on Metabolic Biomarkers in Healthy Bitches     

A Tvarijonaviciute  JD Carrillo‐Sanchez  JJ Ceron 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):520-524

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between hormonal changes that occur during oestrus and biomarkers related with glucose metabolism (glucose and insulin), lipid metabolism (lipidic profile and BChE) and adipokines (adiponectin and ghrelin) in healthy bitches. For this purpose, we measured these analytes in serum of bitches, at two times: before (T1) and after (T2) the LH peak that were established according to progesterone concentrations. Increased levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.01), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) (p < 0.01), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) (p < 0.01), adiponectin (p < 0.01) and ghrelin (p < 0.05) were observed at T2 in comparison with T1. No statistically significant changes were observed in serum glucose, insulin, homoeostasis model assessment for insulin sensitivity (HOMA), triglycerides and BChE. When all data of T1 and T2 were pooled, serum adiponectin showed positive correlation with progesterone (r = 0.353; p = 0.022) and HDL‐C (r = 0.307; p = 0.048), and negative with insulin (r = ?0.429; p = 0.005), HOMA (r = ?0.446; p = 0.003) and BChE (r = ?0.522; p < 0.001). Ghrelin showed negative correlation with estradiol (r = ?0.701; p = 0.004). BChE was negatively correlated with estradiol (r = ?0.441; p = 0.018) and glucose (r = ?0.343; p = 0.028), and positively with insulin (r = 0.460; p = 0.003) and HOMA (r = 0.505; p < 0.001). In conclusion, changes in metabolic biomarkers occur in bitches after LH peak, characterized by increased lipids (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol) without changes in BChE activity, and increased adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations, without significant changes in glucose and insulin.  相似文献   

Oestrous Synchronization,Ovarian Superovulation and Intraspecific Transfers From a Closed Breeding Colony of Inbred SLA Miniature Pigs     

JJ Arlaud  L Baker  RL Williams  AJ French 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):951-958

The inbred SLA miniature pig is a unique animal model developed for organ transplantation studies and pre‐clinical experimental purposes. Reported oestrous synchronization and superovulation treatments were examined in two SLA haplotypes (AA and DD) to allow collection of embryos for both practical embryo transfer and experimental technologies from a closed breeding colony. Pre‐puberal miniature pigs were poor responders to oestrous synchronization treatments, while post‐puberal sows were equivalent to commercial sows. Following superovulation, the ovulation number (corpora .hemorrhagica) was higher (p < 0.05) in the cycling sows when compared with non‐cycling sows. Ovulations were equivalent to commercial pre‐puberal gilts and non‐cycling sows (p > 0.05). No difference in ovulation number between haplotypes was observed, which differs from the previous report (DD>AA). Collection of zygotes for pronuclear injection was the highest in the non‐cycling post‐puberal miniature pig group (p < 0.05), although significantly lower when compared with the commercial pig treatment groups (p < 0.05). The incidence of cystic endometrial hyperplasia in our colony was equivalent to rates observed in commercial pigs. Pronuclear visualization following centrifugation was the highest in the non‐cycling miniature sow group and approximates to about 25% of ovulations and about half the rate observed in the commercial pigs (50%). Miniature pig embryos transferred between SLA haplotypes and transfer of DD embryos to commercial pigs resulted in live births at a higher efficiency than previously reported. This study demonstrates the feasibility of undertaking assisted reproductive technologies in a closed breeding colony of inbred SLA miniature pigs without compromise to the breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Inbreeding and Reproduction in Endangered Ungulates: Preservation of Genetic Variation through the Organization of Genetic Resource Banks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ERS Roldan  M Gomendio  JJ Garde  G Espeso  S Ledda  F Berlinguer  A del Olmo  AJ Soler  L Arregui  C Crespo  R González 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(S2):82-92

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The Application of Reproductive Technologies to Natural Populations of Red Deer   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JJ Garde  F Martínez-Pastor  M Gomendio  AF Malo  AJ Soler  MR Fernández-Santos  MC Esteso  AJ García  L Anel  ERS Roldán 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(S2):93-102

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The Effects of Cryopreservation on the Morphometric Dimensions of Iberian Red Deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) Epididymal Sperm Heads     

MC Esteso  MR Fernández-Santos  AJ Soler  V Montoro  A Quintero-Moreno  JJ Garde 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2006,41(3):241-246

Computer-automated sperm-head morphometry was used in this study to determine the effects of cryopreservation on red deer sperm-head morphometry. Epididymal sperm samples were collected from 40 mature stags and were divided. One portion was diluted at room temperature in a Tris-citrate egg yolk medium, containing 6% glycerol. A microscope slide was prepared from single extended sperm samples prior to freezing. The remainder of each sample was frozen in nitrogen vapours. After thawing, sperm smears were prepared as described above. All slides were air dried and stained with Hemacolor. The sperm-head dimensions for length, width, area, perimeter and shape factor (length/width), for a minimum of 135 spermatozoa were determined for each slide by means of the Sperm-Class Analyser (SCA). Firstly, our results show that cryopreservation substantially reduced (p < 0.001) sperm motility and plasma membrane and acrosome integrities. In addition, sperm heads were significantly smaller in cryopreserved spermatozoa than in the companion extended samples for area (32.05 microm2 vs 32.56 microm2; p < 0.05), length (8.46 microm vs 8.53 microm; p < 0.0001) and shape factor (1.833 vs 1.849; p < 0.0001) for all stags. These differences were found within 29 of 40 stags (75%) for at least three of the morphometric parameters. The individual variability (CV) of sperm head measurements from extended samples was negatively correlated (p < 0.005) with the per cent of change in sperm head measurements after cryopreservation for area (r = -0.465), width (r = -0.483) and perimeter (r = -0.375). Thus, the lower the sperm head variability in the extended samples, the greater the sperm change as a consequence of the cryopreservation. These results suggest that the variability (heterogeneity) in sperm head dimensions of individual stags may be a good indicator of sperm freezability.  相似文献   

兔球虫与大肠杆菌病混合感染的诊治     

王俊江  单红艳  王文木 《中国兽药杂志》2007,41(8):48-48,53

阐述了兔球虫与大肠杆菌病混合感染的临床症状、实验室检验及防治方法,力求为科学防控两病提供有益的参考。  相似文献