The odds of neoplasia in dogs with and without diabetes mellitus     

Sindumani A. Manoharan  Rebecka S. Hess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2022,36(2):726

BackgroundIncreased risk of neoplasia in humans with diabetes mellitus (DM) is well documented. It is unknown if dogs with DM have increased risk of neoplasia.ObjectiveDetermine if dogs with DM have an overall increased risk of neoplasia and risk for specific forms of neoplasia compared to dogs without DM.AnimalsSeven hundred dogs with DM and 700 breed, age, and sex‐matched dogs without DM, examined during the same years.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Odds ratios (OR), corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), and P‐values were calculated using conditional logistic regression to determine if dogs with DM had increased odds of developing neoplasia compared to dogs without DM.ResultsThe overall odds of developing neoplasia were not significantly different in dogs with and without DM. However, dogs with DM had significantly higher odds of developing an adrenal mass (OR, 4; 95% CI, 1.1‐14.2; P = .03) compared to dogs without DM. The odds of developing a splenic mass in dogs with DM (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.99‐1.39) were increased compared to dogs without DM, but this difference was not significant (P = .07).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDogs with DM may be at increased risk for adrenal neoplasia. Awareness of this risk can facilitate early diagnosis of this life‐threatening comorbidity. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.  相似文献   

Elevated CO2 affects plant nitrogen and water‐soluble carbohydrates but not in vitro metabolisable energy     

Joe Francis Panozzo  Cassandra Kiely Walker  Pankaj Maharjan  Debra L. Partington  Chris J. Korte 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(6):647-658

The effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ (e[CO₂]) on the nutritive value of wheat vegetative matter and grain as a feedstock for ruminants were investigated in a study undertaken at the Australian grains free‐air CO₂ enrichment (AGFACE) facility. The study included two commercial wheat cultivars (Janz and Yitpi) and two genetic selections from a Seri/Babex population (SB003 and SB062) which had previously been characterised for low and high water‐soluble carbohydrate accumulation efficiency. The trial was grown under ambient (~390 µmol/mol) and elevated (~550 µmol/mol) CO₂ conditions, and plants harvested at tillering, anthesis and physiological maturity. Composition analyses to determine the nutritive value for ruminant feed were undertaken on stems, leaves and grain. Plant and grain nitrogen were reduced in the e[CO₂] treatments, and as expected, the water‐soluble carbohydrates increased. All genotypes responded to e[CO₂] with the effects of altered composition evident within 60 days of sowing. Determinants of ruminant feed quality such as neutral and acid detergent fibre and estimated in vitro metabolisable energy were not significantly affected. The reduced plant and grain N will impact on the nutritive value and supplementation may be required. The impact of e[CO₂] on chemical composition of wheat plants may be greater if the predicted climate change is associated with concomitant abiotic stress such as high ambient temperature or low soil moisture.  相似文献   

Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables in Florida     

Ozan Demirozer  Kara Tyler‐Julian  Joe Funderburk  Norm Leppla  Stuart Reitz 《Pest management science》2012,68(12):1537-1545

BACKGROUND: The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. Efforts to control the pest and the thrips‐vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad‐spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. The result has been a classic ‘3‐R’ situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as a result of natural predators and native competitor thrips being eliminated; replacement by various other pests. This paper reports on integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables that are effective, economical, ecologically sound and sustainable. RESULTS: The components include the following: define pest status (economic thresholds); increase biotic resistance (natural enemies and competition); integrate preventive and therapeutic tactics (scouting, ultraviolet‐reflective technologies, biological control, compatible insecticides, companion plants and fertility); vertically integrate the programs with other pests; continually communicate latest science‐based management tactics with end‐users. CONCLUSION: These programs have been widely implemented in Florida and have significantly improved the management of western flower thrips and thrips‐transmitted viruses. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

238U/235U Systematics in terrestrial uranium-bearing minerals     

Hiess J  Condon DJ  McLean N  Noble SR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6076):1610-1614

The present-day (238)U/(235)U ratio has fundamental implications for uranium-lead geochronology and cosmochronology. A value of 137.88 has previously been considered invariant and has been used without uncertainty to calculate terrestrial mineral ages. We report high-precision (238)U/(235)U measurements for a suite of uranium-bearing minerals from 58 samples representing a diverse range of lithologies. This data set exhibits a range in (238)U/(235)U values of >5 per mil, with no clear relation to any petrogenetic, secular, or regional trends. Variation between comagmatic minerals suggests that (238)U/(235)U fractionation processes operate at magmatic temperatures. A mean (238)U/(235)U value of 137.818 ± 0.045 (2σ) in zircon samples reflects the average uranium isotopic composition and variability of terrestrial zircon. This distribution is broadly representative of the average crustal and "bulk Earth" (238)U/(235)U composition.  相似文献   

Involvement of the skin during bluetongue virus infection and replication in the ruminant host     

Darpel KE  Monaghan P  Simpson J  Anthony SJ  Veronesi E  Brooks HW  Elliott H  Brownlie J  Takamatsu HH  Mellor PS  Mertens PP 《Veterinary research》2012,43(1):40

ABSTRACT: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a double stranded (ds) RNA virus (genus Orbivirus; family Reoviridae), which is considered capable of infecting all species of domestic and wild ruminants, although clinical signs are seen mostly in sheep. BTV is arthropod-borne ("arbovirus") and able to productively infect and replicate in many different cell types of both insects and mammalian hosts. Although the organ and cellular tropism of BTV in ruminants has been the subject of several studies, many aspects of its pathogenesis are still poorly understood, partly because of inherent problems in distinguishing between "virus replication" and "virus presence". BTV replication and organ tropism were studied in a wide range of infected sheep tissues, by immuno-fluorescence-labeling of non-structural or structural proteins (NS2 or VP7 and core proteins, respectively) using confocal microscopy to distinguish between virus presence and replication. These results are compared to gross and microscopic pathological findings in selected organs from infected sheep. Replication was demonstrated in two major cell types: vascular endothelial cells, and agranular leukocytes which morphologically resemble lymphocytes, monocytes/ macrophages and/or dendritic cells. Two organs (the skin and tonsils) were shown to support relatively high levels of BTV replication, although they have not previously been proposed as important replication sites during BTV infection. The high level of BTV replication in the skin is thought to be of major significance for the pathogenesis and transmission of BTV (via biting insects) and a refinement of our current model of BTV pathogenesis is discussed.  相似文献   

Factors controlling plasticity of leaf morphology in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia L.</Emphasis> II: the impact of water stress on leaf morphology of seedlings grown in a controlled environment chamber     

Yanxiang Zhang  Maria Alejandra Equiza  Quanshui Zheng  Melvin T. Tyree 《Annals of Forest Science》2012,69(1):39-47

• Context  

The cause of morphological plasticity of leaves within the crowns of tall trees still debated. Whether it is driven by irradiance or hydraulic constraints is inconclusive. In a previous study, we hypothesized that water stress caused between-site and within-tree morphological variability in mature Robinia trees.  相似文献   

Robust surveillance of animal diseases: an application to the detection of bluetongue disease     

Souza Monteiro DM  Carrasco LR  Moffitt LJ  Cook AJ 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):17-24

Control of endemic, exotic, and emerging animal diseases critically depends on their early detection and timely management. This paper proposes a novel approach to evaluate alternative surveillance programs based on info-gap theory. A general modeling framework is developed explicitly accounting for severe uncertainty about the incursion, detection, spread, and control of exotic and emergent diseases. The model is illustrated by an evaluation of bluetongue disease surveillance strategies. Key results indicate that, when available, vaccination of the entire population is the most robust strategy. If vaccines are not available then active reporting of suspect clinical signs by farmers is a very robust surveillance policy.  相似文献   

Predicted costs and benefits of eradicating BVDV from Ireland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stott AW  Humphry RW  Gunn GJ  Higgins I  Hennessy T  O'Flaherty J  Graham DA 《Irish veterinary journal》2012,65(1):12-11

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) causes an economically important endemic disease (BVD) of cattle in Ireland and worldwide. Systematic eradication by detection and removal of infectious (BVDV carrier) cattle has been successful in several regions. We therefore assessed the benefits (disease losses avoided) and costs (testing and culling regime) of a potential eradication programme in Ireland. Published bio-economic models of BVDV spread in beef suckler herds and dairy herds were adapted to estimate potential benefits of eradication in Ireland. A simple model of BVDV spread in beef finisher herds was devised to estimate the benefits of eradication in this sector. A six year eradication programme consisting of 5 inter-related virological and serological testing programmes is outlined and costed. We found that the annualised benefits of BVDV eradication in Ireland exceeded the costs by a factor of 5 in the beef suckler sector and a factor of 14 in the dairy sector. Corresponding payback periods were 1.2 and 0.5 years respectively. These results highlight the significant economic impact of BVDV on the Irish cattle industry and suggest a clear economic benefit to eradication using the proposed approach. This type of cost-benefit analysis is considered an essential prerequisite prior to undertaking an eradication campaign of this magnitude.  相似文献   

Regulation of adult bone mass by the zinc finger adapter protein Schnurri-3     

Jones DC  Wein MN  Oukka M  Hofstaetter JG  Glimcher MJ  Glimcher LH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5777):1223-1227

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Preface     

Dr. Joe Wisniewski  Dr. Ariel E. Lugo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1992,64(1-2):ix-x

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