Genetic evaluation and selection index in tetraploid Brachiaria ruziziensis          下载免费PDF全文

Rosangela Simeão  Adriane Silva  Cacilda Valle  Marcos Deon Resende  Sérgio Medeiros 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(2):246-253

Half‐sib progenies of congo signal grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis Germain & Evrard, syn.: B. eminii, Urochloa ruziziensis) were analysed using a mixed model methodology. The objective was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters, predict individual genetic values, estimate correlations between characters associated with biomass production and forage nutritive value and use this information to determine the economic weights to compare three multiplicative selection indices. Individual narrow‐sense heritabilities corrected for inbreeding varied from 0.14 to 0.91 for characters associated with biomass production and from 0.04 a 0.24 for nutritional value characters. The correlations among characters associated with annual biomass production were of high magnitude. In contrast, biomass production characters were negatively correlated with crude protein, acid detergent fibre and lignin. Total dry matter yield, crude protein and regrowth ability were weighted separately in evaluations during wet and dry season or annually in selection indices. Index that considered characters annually resulted in better distribution of forage production along the year than indices that separated wet and dry season production.  相似文献   

Adaptation and Validation of Colorimetric Methods in Determining Ammonium and Nitrate on Tropical Soils     

Thales Meinl Schmiedt Sattolo  Rafael Otto  Eduardo Mariano  Marcos Yassuo Kamogawa 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(22):2547-2557

Inorganic nitrogen (N) determination in soil extracts is a useful tool in studying soil–N interactions. The main method used worldwide is the steam distillation, but colorimetric methodologies show advantages of being quick, simple, sensitive, and higher yield. However, they are subject to disruption when the extract has interfering organic N, limiting its application in tropical soil. The aim of this study is to evaluate colorimetric methods for the determination of NH₄⁺ (through Berthelot reaction) and NO₃^? + NO₂^? (through Griess-Ilosvay reaction) in saline extracts of tropical soils by addition of activated charcoal during the extraction process. It is recommended to use extraction solution of 2 mol L^?1 potassium chloride (KCl) and reaction time of 30 min. Validation parameters confirmed the best performance of the colorimetric methods, revealing results favorable to the addition of the activated charcoal in the extraction process to increase the accuracy and precision of the colorimetric methods.  相似文献   

Seven years of negative detection results confirm that Xylella fastidiosa,the causal agent of CVC,is not transmitted from seeds to seedlings     

Helvécio Della Coletta-Filho  Sérgio Alves Carvalho  Luis Fernando Carvalho Silva  Marcos Antonio Machado 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(3):593-596

Knowledge about the mechanism of transmission of systemic pathogens of citrus species is highly important for the safe movement of citrus germplasm, management of citrus mother trees, and also production of young plants. Among systemic pathogens of citrus, Xylella fastidiosa the causal agent of the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), is one the most important pathogens causing decline in tree vigour and productivity. Seven-year experiments were conducted to evaluate the hypothesis of seed-to-seedling transmission of X. fastidiosa. This bacterium was found colonizing the fruit (exocarp, central axis and mesocarp) and the seed parts (seed coat and endosperm plus embryo). After 7 years of PCR assay, no positive PCR detection of X. fastidiosa was confirmed in seedlings propagated from the seeds infected with X. fastidiosa. This result demonstrates the lack of seed-to-seedling transmission of this bacterium.  相似文献   

Clinical, histopathological and epidemiological study of canine straelensiosis in the Iberian Peninsula (2003–2007)     

Gustavo A. Ramírez  Jaume Altimira  Beatriz García  Marcos Fernández†  Miquel Vilafranca 《Veterinary dermatology》2009,20(1):35-41

Straelensiosis is a relatively new disease described in dogs and produced by a trombiculid larva known as Straelensia cynotis . Few cases have been reported in the English literature. Straelensiosis has been observed in Southern France and Northern Portugal causing a distinctive nodular dermatitis. The present study describes the clinical, histopathological and epidemiological features of 19 cases diagnosed as straelensiosis in the north of Spain and Portugal (2003–2007). A follow-up of the animals after diagnosis was carried out. Differences with previously described cases were observed, especially concerning epidemiology and histopathology. The grade of response to different treatments and new microscopic features are discussed. The study concludes that S. cynotis can cause a nodular dermatitis in rural and hunting dogs in Spain and Portugal and is associated with particular seasonal and geographical factors.  相似文献   

Evaluation of endocytic capacity and NADPH-oxidase activity from armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) eosinophils infected with microfilariae     

López-Hurtado M  Arteaga-Troncoso G  Escobedo-Guerra MR  Guerra-Infante FM 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,127(1-2):181-185

Endocytic activity of phagocytic cells from armadillos infected with viruses, parasites or bacteria is unknown. This report shows that eosinophils from armadillos infected with microfilaria act against these helmintic parasites but have deficiencies in their oxygen-dependent bacteriocidal mechanisms and also in endocytic capacity against yeast.  相似文献   

Pancytopenia in a cat with visceral leishmaniasis     

Ricardo Marcos  Marta Santos  Fernanda Malhão  Rui Pereira  Ana Cristina Fernandes  Luís Montenegro  Paola Roccabianca 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(2):201-205

Abstract: A 4‐year‐old, domestic shorthair, female spayed cat was presented for decreased appetite and depression. Severe pancytopenia with erythrocyte autoagglutination was found. The cat was seronegative for feline immunodeficiency and leukemia viruses. Immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia was suspected but no response to treatment with a blood transfusion, enrofloxacin, and prednisone was observed. Blood and bone marrow smears obtained 11 days later contained Leishmania amastigotes in the cytoplasm of neutrophils and macrophages, respectively. Serologic and PCR testing of peripheral blood confirmed infection with Leishmania infantum. Despite treatment, the cat worsened clinically and was euthanized. At necropsy, visceral dissemination of the parasite was confirmed. The findings in this case indicate that visceral leishmaniasis should be considered as a differential diagnoses in cats with pancytopenia in areas endemic for Leishmania. In addition, amastigotes may be observed in peripheral blood neutrophils.  相似文献   

Comparison between the analgesic effects of morphine and tramadol delivered epidurally in cats receiving a standardized noxious stimulation     

Douglas S. Castro  Marta F.A. Silva  Andre C. Shih  Pedro P.A. Motta  Marcos V.M. Pires  Paulo O. Scherer 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2009,11(12):948-953

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Cutaneous transmissible venereal tumor without genital involvement in a prepubertal female dog     

Marcos R  Santos M  Marrinhas C  Rocha E 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(1):106-109

An 11-month-old prepubertal crossbreed female dog was presented with multiple nodular lesions disseminated over the cervical, back, flank, and abdominal regions. The lesions were ulcerated and cauliflowerlike, or nodular and subcutaneous, measuring up to 13 cm in diameter. Cytologic preparations of one of the lesions revealed a uniform population of round to oval cells, with lightly basophilic cytoplasm that contained multiple distinct vacuoles. Frequent mitotic figures and occasional lymphocytes were also observed. The cytologic diagnosis was cutaneous transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) in a progressing growth phase. This was confirmed by histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Vaginal TVT was diagnosed later in the dog's mother. TVT is a contagious neoplasm of sexually mature dogs that usually is transmitted by coitus and affects the genital mucosa. To our knowledge, this is the first report of naturally occurring multicentric TVT in a prepubertal female dog and also is unique in its exclusively cutaneous (no mucosal) involvement. We speculate that transmission of neoplastic cells occurred during cohabitation and social/mothering behavior between the dogs. Despite the atypical clinical presentation, response to chemotherapy with vincristine was excellent, leading to complete regression of the neoplasm without relapse after 6 months.  相似文献   

Antiparasitic efficacy of dietary administration of trichlorfon (Masoten®) in the control of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Neochinorhynchidae) in Colossoma macropomum (Serrasalmidae)     

Castro  Liliane Araújo  Andrade-Porto  Sanny Maria  Oliveira  Rebeca Guimarães  Batista  Yasmin Luzeiro  Silva  Felipe Moura Araújo  Oliveira  Christiane Patrícia Feitosa  Affonso  Elizabeth Gusmão  Cruz  Claudinei  Tavares-Dias  Marcos 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(6):2477-2488

Aquaculture International - This study investigated the efficacy of trichlorfon against Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, as well as its palatability, residue analysis, and the blood parameters of...  相似文献   

Unravelling pest infestation and biological control in low-input orchards: the case of apple blossom weevil     

Marcos Miñarro  Daniel García 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(3):1047-1061

Low-input farming is an alternative production system that provides a great opportunity to disentangle the natural mechanisms regulating crop pests, since neither pests nor their natural enemies are disrupted by pesticides. Here, we use a key apple pest in Europe, the apple blossom weevil (Anthonomus pomorum), as a model case to unravel the factors driving pest infestation and its biological control in a low-input context, namely the cider apple orchards of NW Spain. We applied a holistic approach based on the complete life cycle of the pest and combined large-scale observation (23 orchards) with small-scale experimental assessment. Weevil attack (0.4–37.4% of flowers) increased with the proportion on apple trees in the immediate orchard neighbourhood and with semi-natural woody habitat in the surrounding landscape and decreased with tree distance to orchard edge and apple bloom level. Thus, the prevalence of the pest depended on the availability of the various resources required for foraging, egg-lying and overwintering. Three types of natural enemies supplied complementary pest control by preying on weevils at different stages in their life cycle: seven parasitoid species attacked immature weevils (6.4–81.5%), while the additive effects of birds and crawling arthropods were evident in terms of the removal of adult weevils (31–44%). We conclude that the effective biological control of A. pomorum can be achieved in low-input systems to maintain the pest at non-harmful levels, through combined management of the pest, its habitat and its natural enemies.  相似文献