Using Limestone to Improve Soil Fertility and Growth of Mango (Mangifera Indica L.)     

Marcus André Ribeiro Correia  Renato de Mello Prado  Willian Natale  Danilo Eduardo Rozane  Diego Wyllyam do Vale 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(8):903-912

Soil acidity is one of the most important factors limiting crop production. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of limestone application on the soil chemical properties, nutrition and yield of mango plants in an orchard under implementation. The design was randomized blocks, with five limestone doses (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 t ha^?1) and four replications. Soil chemical analyses were performed (at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months after the experiment implementation) in the layers 0–20; 20–40 and 40–60 cm deep. Nutrition status and yield were assessed during the first and second crop seasons. The highest fruit yield was associated with the application of 3.9 and 3.8 t ha^?1 of limestone in the 2008/09 and 2009/10 seasons, respectively, that is, the dose recommended by the literature for raising base saturation to 80%, as a function of the fertility conditions of the soil initially obtained.  相似文献   

Synthesis,theoretical studies,and effect on the photosynthetic electron transport of trifluoromethyl arylamides          下载免费PDF全文

Róbson Ricardo Teixeira  Marcus Vinícius de Andrade Barros  Gustavo Costa Bressan  Raoni Pais Siqueira  Fabíola Suelen dos Santos  Michele Bertazzini  Rudolf Kiralj  Márcia Miguel Castro Ferreira  Giuseppe Forlani 《Pest management science》2017,73(11):2360-2371

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Selenium hyperaccumulation offers protection from cell disruptor herbivores     

Colin F Quinn  John L Freeman  Ray JB Reynolds  Jennifer J Cappa  Sirine C Fakra  Matthew A Marcus  Stormy D Lindblom  Erin K Quinn  Lindsay E Bennett  Elizabeth AH Pilon-Smits 《BMC ecology》2010,10(1):19

Background  

Hyperaccumulation, the rare capacity of certain plant species to accumulate toxic trace elements to levels several orders of magnitude higher than other species growing on the same site, is thought to be an elemental defense mechanism against herbivores and pathogens. Previous research has shown that selenium (Se) hyperaccumulation protects plants from a variety of herbivores and pathogens. Selenium hyperaccumulating plants sequester Se in discrete locations in the leaf periphery, making them potentially more susceptible to some herbivore feeding modes than others. In this study we investigate the protective function of Se in the Se hyperaccumulators Stanleya pinnata and Astragalus bisulcatus against two cell disrupting herbivores, the western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae).  相似文献   

Suppression of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) (Sulz.), citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) (Risso), and two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Koch.) attacks on tomatoes and cucumbers by aqueous extracts from vermicomposts     

Clive A. Edwards  Norman Q. Arancon  Marcus Vasko-Bennett  Ahmed Askar  George Keeney  Brandon Little 《Crop Protection》2010

Vermicomposts are produced through interactions between earthworms and microorganisms in the breakdown of organic wastes. Aqueous extracts were prepared in commercial brewing equipment (Growing Solutions Inc.) from vermicomposts processed from pre-consumer food waste. The ratio of vermicompost to water was 1 to 5 v:v to produce a 20% aqueous solution. The effects of soil drenches at dilutions of 20%, 10%, and 5% vermicompost extracts, were compared with those of deionized water, in the suppression of green peach aphids, mealybugs, and two spotted spider mites attacking tomatoes and cucumbers, in greenhouse cage experiments.  相似文献   

Signatures of adaptation to obligate biotrophy in the Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis genome   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Baxter L  Tripathy S  Ishaque N  Boot N  Cabral A  Kemen E  Thines M  Ah-Fong A  Anderson R  Badejoko W  Bittner-Eddy P  Boore JL  Chibucos MC  Coates M  Dehal P  Delehaunty K  Dong S  Downton P  Dumas B  Fabro G  Fronick C  Fuerstenberg SI  Fulton L  Gaulin E  Govers F  Hughes L  Humphray S  Jiang RH  Judelson H  Kamoun S  Kyung K  Meijer H  Minx P  Morris P  Nelson J  Phuntumart V  Qutob D  Rehmany A  Rougon-Cardoso A  Ryden P  Torto-Alalibo T  Studholme D  Wang Y  Win J  Wood J  Clifton SW  Rogers J  Van den Ackerveken G  Jones JD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6010):1549-1551

Many oomycete and fungal plant pathogens are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissue and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Although these pathogens cause substantial crop losses, little is known about the molecular basis or evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report the genome sequence of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa), an obligate biotroph and natural pathogen of Arabidopsis thaliana. In comparison with genomes of related, hemibiotrophic Phytophthora species, the Hpa genome exhibits dramatic reductions in genes encoding (i) RXLR effectors and other secreted pathogenicity proteins, (ii) enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur, and (iii) proteins associated with zoospore formation and motility. These attributes comprise a genomic signature of evolution toward obligate biotrophy.  相似文献   

Essential regulation of CNS angiogenesis by the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR124   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kuhnert F  Mancuso MR  Shamloo A  Wang HT  Choksi V  Florek M  Su H  Fruttiger M  Young WL  Heilshorn SC  Kuo CJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6006):985-989

The orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR124/tumor endothelial marker 5 is highly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) endothelium. Here, we show that complete null or endothelial-specific GPR124 deletion resulted in embryonic lethality from CNS-specific angiogenesis arrest in forebrain and neural tube. Conversely, GPR124 overexpression throughout all adult vascular beds produced CNS-specific hyperproliferative vascular malformations. In vivo, GPR124 functioned cell-autonomously in endothelium to regulate sprouting, migration, and developmental expression of the blood-brain barrier marker Glut1, whereas in vitro, GPR124 mediated Cdc42-dependent directional migration to forebrain-derived, vascular endothelial growth factor-independent cues. Our results demonstrate CNS-specific angiogenesis regulation by an endothelial receptor and illuminate functions of the poorly understood adhesion GPCR subfamily. Further, the functional tropism of GPR124 marks this receptor as a therapeutic target for CNS-related vascular pathologies.  相似文献   

Alopecia areata in Eringer cows     

Katrin Timm  Silvia Rüfenacht  Claudia Von Tscharner  Valérie F. Bornand  Marcus G. Doherr  Anna Oevermann  Christine Flury  Stefan Rieder  Gaby Hirsbrunner  Cord Drögemüller  Petra J. Roosje 《Veterinary dermatology》2010,21(6):545-553

Alopecia areata is a hair loss disorder in humans, dogs and horses with a suspected autoimmune aetiology targeting anagen hair follicles. Alopecia areata is only sporadically reported in cows. Recently, we observed several cases of suspected alopecia areata in Eringer cows. The aim of this study was to confirm the presumptive diagnosis of alopecia areata and to define the clinical phenotype and histopathological patterns, including characterization of the infiltrating inflammatory cells. Twenty Eringer cows with alopecia and 11 Eringer cows without skin problems were included in this study. Affected cows had either generalized or multifocal alopecia or hypotrichosis. The tail, forehead and distal extremities were usually spared. Punch biopsies were obtained from the centre and margin of alopecic lesions and normal haired skin. Histological examination revealed several alterations in anagen hair bulbs. These included peri‐ and intrabulbar lymphocytic infiltration, peribulbar fibrosis, degenerate matrix cells with clumped melanosomes and pigmentary incontinence. Mild lymphocytic infiltrative mural folliculitis was seen in the inferior segment and isthmus of the hair follicles. Hair shafts were often unpigmented and dysplastic. The large majority of infiltrating lymphocytes were CD3⁺ T cells, whereas only occasional CD20⁺ lymphocytes were present in the peribulbar infiltrate. Our findings confirm the diagnosis of T‐cell‐mediated alopecia areata in these cows. Alopecia areata appears to occur with increased frequency in the Eringer breed, but distinct predisposing factors could not be identified.  相似文献   

Particle acceleration on megaparsec scales in a merging galaxy cluster     

van Weeren RJ  Röttgering HJ  Brüggen M  Hoeft M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6002):347-349

Galaxy clusters form through a sequence of mergers of smaller galaxy clusters and groups. Models of diffusive shock acceleration suggest that in shocks that occur during cluster mergers, particles are accelerated to relativistic energies, similar to conditions within supernova remnants. In the presence of magnetic fields, these particles emit synchrotron radiation and may form so-called radio relics. We detected a radio relic that displays highly aligned magnetic fields, a strong spectral index gradient, and a narrow relic width, giving a measure of the magnetic field in an unexplored site of the universe. Our observations show that diffusive shock acceleration also operates on scales much larger than in supernova remnants and that shocks in galaxy clusters are capable of producing extremely energetic cosmic rays.  相似文献   

A comparison of alternative modelling approaches to evaluate the European forest carbon fluxes     

Boris Ťupek  Giuliana Zanchi  Pieter J. Verkerk  Galina Churkina  Nicolas Viovy  John K. Hughes  Marcus Lindner 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

The European forest carbon balance studied by various methods shows different results. We compared the regional and national net primary production (NPP) estimated by the forest inventory-based model EFISCEN and the climate-based terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs: BIOME-BGC, ORCHIDEE, and JULES), and single forests NPP derived from the international network of eddy-covariance towers (FLUXNET). In addition, the paper presents the net ecosystem production (NEP) and the net biome production (NBP) calculated with EFISCEN and discusses the influence of forest management onto carbon fluxes. We aimed to better understand the variance between EFISCEN and TEMs NPP estimates, and to improve the assessment of European forest mitigation potential for the year 2005.  相似文献   

Management of strawberry anthracnose by choice of irrigation system,mulching material and host resistance     

Marcus V.S. Coelho  Flávio R. Palma 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):347-354

We studied, by means of field experiments, the combined effects of irrigation system, mulching material and genetic resistance on the incidence of strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. All trials involved artificial inoculation with fruits colonized by the pathogen. One experiment examined the effects of drip irrigation, overhead sprinkler irrigation, and localized low-pressure tape irrigation, and the effects of grass (Brachiaria sp.) and plastic (polyethylene) mulches, in a split plot, randomized complete block design with four replicates. Lower disease incidence, indicating lower pathogen dispersal, was verified with low-pressure tape and drip irrigation. Flower blight and fruit rot incidence in drip-irrigated plots was minimal (ca. 2% of the disease levels in the plots otherwise irrigated). Grass mulch reduced flower blight in the sprinkler system (up to 80%), but had no significant effect when disease levels were already low due to use of other irrigation systems. A second experiment compared the effects of grass mulch, pine (Pinus elliotti) mulch, and plastic mulch with overhead sprinkler irrigation on strawberry cultivars partially resistant (‘Dover’) and susceptible (‘Campinas’) to the disease in a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). Both organic mulches reduced flower blight and diseased fruit incidence by up to 76% compared to the plastic mulch treatment, especially in the early stages of the epidemics. ‘Dover’ had 70% lower incidence of flower blight than ‘Campinas’, and the effects of organic mulches were more pronounced in ‘Campinas’. A third experiment, with all three irrigation systems combined with inoculated and non-inoculated plots, estimated yield effects due to disease and irrigation system. All plots were covered with plastic mulch in a CRD with six treatments. This experiment clearly confirmed the higher flower blight and fruit rot incidences when sprinkler irrigation was used. In inoculated treatments, fruit yield was significantly reduced in tape-irrigated plots, and more so in sprinkler-irrigated plots. In drip-irrigated plots yield was reduced by only 1%. Overall, our results confirm the importance of cultural and genetic factors as valuable means of strawberry anthracnose management. Adoption of localized irrigation systems, the use of organic mulches and choice of a partially resistant cultivar significantly reduced disease levels in field plots. The importance of water splash for C. acutatum dispersal and its dependency on the soil mulch characteristics are the likely causes for the results observed.  相似文献