Sperm DNA integrity in Landrace and Duroc boar semen and its relationship to litter size     

Frydis D. Myromslien  Nina H. Tremoen  Ina Andersen‐Ranberg  Ragnhild Fransplass  Else‐Berit Stenseth  Teklu T. Zeremichael  Maren van Son  Eli Grindflek  Ann Helen Gaustad 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(2):160-166

The sperm chromatin structure assay is a method for assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation, a parameter reported to be negatively related to field fertility in several mammal species. This method calculates a DNA fragmentation index (DFI) whose high values indicate abnormal chromatin structure. In this study, running from March 2010 until June 2017, the aim was to assess sperm DFI in stored liquid extended semen from two different pig breeds, Norwegian Landrace (NL; n = 693) and Norwegian Duroc (ND; n = 655), and to evaluate the influence on total number of piglets born (TNB). There was a significantly higher median DFI (p < 0.0001) in ejaculates from the 478 ND boars compared to the 452 NL boars. Data from 19,496 NL litters and 3,877 ND litters of the same boars were retrieved. For either breed, sow herd (p < 0.0001), parity (p < 0.05) and DFI (p < 0.05) showed significant effects on TNB. The DFI was negatively correlated to TNB in both breeds. The boars with the 5% lowest TNB had a least square means DFI of 3.05% and 2.24% in NL and ND, respectively, compared to 1.67% and 1.23% for the boars with the 5% highest TNB (p < 0.01). The DFI and the motility of the same semen samples were negatively correlated (p < 0.0001), and the high and low TNB groups showed significant differences in motility. However, this difference could not be used for practical prediction of TNB group (92.1% vs. 89.7%; p = 0.0038 and 92.3% vs. 89.5%; p = 0.018; NL and ND, respectively). In conclusion, our results indicate that sperm DNA integrity in semen with good motility and morphology may be an additional prediction parameter for fertility in pigs.  相似文献   

Equine odontogenic tumors: Clinical presentation,CT findings,and outcome in 11 horses     

Rhiannon E. Morgan  Andrew R. Fiske‐Jackson  Maren Hellige  Ingo Gerhauser  Peter Wohlsein  Marianna Biggi 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(5):502-512

Odontogenic tumors present as locally invasive, slow growing, firm swellings on the face. They are rare in all species and are characterized histologically by the degree of differentiation and dental tissue of origin. Radiographic appearance is not pathognomonic for these lesions. Computed tomographic (CT) examination allows exact determination of tumor extension and aggressiveness. The objectives of this retrospective, case series study were to describe the clinical presentation, CT characteristics, and outcome in horses with histologically confirmed odontogenic tumors, and to identify imaging features suggestive of individual types of tumors. Four ameloblastomas, two ameloblastic carcinomas, three ameloblastic fibromas, and two complex odontomas were included. All but one complex odontoma presented as a single mass. All tumors were associated with maxillary or mandibular bone expansion, alveolar and cortical bone lysis, and cortical bone thinning. The majority also had cortical bone thickening and periosteal proliferation. All tumors contained some degree of mineral attenuation, although only the complex odontomas contained enamel attenuation allowing differentiation from other types of odontogenic tumors in this study. Ameloblastomas were found to have variable CT characteristics likely due to the sub‐groups of ameloblastomas. Both ameloblastic carcinomas contained a mixture of mineralized and soft tissue attenuating material whereas ameloblastic fibromas were mainly composed of soft tissue attenuating material. Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic tumors generally indicate that they are expansile, aggressive tumors and can occur in a wide range of ages. Further investigation is needed to elucidate differences between each type of equine odontogenic tumor.  相似文献   

Assessing actors in rural markets of sheep and goats in the Nyando Basin of Western Kenya: a key to improving productivity from smallholder farms     

Julie M. K. Ojango  James Audho  Edwin Oyieng  Maren Radeny  Philip Kimeli  John Recha  Anne W. T. Muigai 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(8):1871-1879

Livestock traders are a key conduit for incentives in livestock production systems. Their actions affect producer prices, investment decisions, and their livelihoods. However, smallholder farmers in rural communities of eastern Africa often have limited understanding of the marketing process and the interactions among market actors. This study was undertaken following the introduction of improved indigenous goat and sheep breeds in Climate Smart Villages of Nyando in western Kenya. We sought to understand the marketing of sheep and goats in five key rural markets used by the smallholder farmers of Nyando, to generate information on key market actors, their functions in the value chain, and their preferences for attributes in sheep and goats. Most traders (65%) in all the markets were men. Four different types of traders operated in the markets, producers, retailers, wholesalers, and brokers, each making a profit. Preference for selling sheep or goats and the animal attributes desired by the traders differed depending on the surrounding community. Markets in Kericho County of Nyando traded more goats than sheep while those in Kisumu County of Nyando traded more sheep than goats. There were no clear policies guiding pricing of animals. Prices offered to producers depended on previous days, and the number of animals available for sale at the marketing point. The collaborative group actions of the producers in the Climate Smart Villages did not extend beyond the level of production to the marketing of their livestock. A critical change is required for the smallholder farmers to derive better incomes from improved quality of animals following adoption of improved breeding and management practices. The results illustrate the need to engage rural market actors when implementing livestock improvement programs for smallholder farmers for better farm gate prices of animals, and thus achieve the improved incomes envisioned.  相似文献   

Initial characterization of stiff skin‐like syndrome in West Highland white terriers          下载免费PDF全文

Maren Doelle  Keith E. Linder  Janna Boche  Vidhya Jagannathan  Tosso Leeb  Monika Linek 《Veterinary dermatology》2016,27(3):210-e53

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探讨"一事不再罚"原则在动物卫生行政执法实践中的几个问题     

孟和那仁  焦凤英  刘红霞 《中国动物检疫》2008,25(5):6-6

一事不再罚是现代法治社会的一个重要原则,目的在于防止重复处罚,体现过罚相当的法律原则,以保护当事人的合法权益。《行政处罚法》第24条规定,对当事人同一违法行  相似文献   

Auswirkungen des Anbaus von Miscanthus x giganteus auf chemische und physikalische Bodeneigenschaften     

Petra Kahle  Barbara Boelcke  Steffen Zacharias 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(1):27-32

Effects of Miscanthus x giganteus cultivation on chemical and physical soil properties Soils under 4—8 years cultivated Miscanthus on different sites in Germany had greater content of organic carbon (C_org) (x¯ = + 0.20%) and total nitrogen (N_t) (x¯ = + 0.02%). Accordingly, the cation exchange capacities (CEC) and contents of plant available potassium had increased. Among the physical soil properties, decreases in bulk density as well as increases in porosity and water retention were observed. These effects seemed to be increasing during continuous growing of Miscanthus in the field.  相似文献   

Schwermetallstatus Rostocker Gartenböden     

Petra Kahle 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2000,163(2):191-196

Heavy metals in garden soils from the urban area of Rostock The contents and mobility of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in samples from 32 garden soils in the urban area of Rostock, Northeast Germany to assess possible risks for crop growth and human nutrition. The total contents of the heavy metals were larger in the garden soils than in the agricultural soils of the surrounding countryside. These relative enrichments originated from point sources and diffuse pollution. A number of soils had contents of total and mobile heavy metals above the threshold values for garden soils applied in Germany (Eikmann and Kloke, 1993). Generally, the topsoils had larger contents of the investigated metals than the subsoils. Furthermore, the soils in the centre of the city had metal contents larger than the soils in the outskirts. Generally, there was no large‐scale heavy soil pollution with the investigated metals in the garden soils of Rostock. However, several local enrichments indicate the monitoring of heavy metal contents and mobility in garden soils needs to be completed and continued.  相似文献   

Physiological stress responses in spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) subjected to acute disturbance and progressive hypoxia     

Natacha Lays  Maren Marie Thode Iversen  Marianne Frantzen  Even Hjalmar Jrgensen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(1-2):126-133

The spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) is considered a promising species for coldwater aquaculture. It is a sedentary, bottom-dwelling fish which exhibits a calm and “non-stressed” behaviour in captivity. There are, however, no reports on the physiological responses to stressors in this species. In the present study we investigated primary (cortisol secretion) and secondary (glucose mobilization) responses to common aquaculture stressors like disturbance and hypoxia. Pre-stress plasma cortisol levels were within those generally considered representative for unstressed fish (~ 10 ng ml^− 1), whereas basal glucose levels were unusually low (0.3–0.4 mM). After exposure to a short, but severe disturbance challenge (emptying the tank of water for 10 min), the increase in plasma cortisol level was slow and relatively weak, reaching a peak level of 25 ng ml^− 1 4 to 8 h after disturbance. When the fish were exposed to a gradually decreasing oxygen level in the tank, a significantly elevated plasma cortisol level (35 ng ml^− 1) was seen in the fish that remained in the tank until oxygen saturation had decreased to 20% oxygen saturation after 2.5 h. However, a two-fold higher plasma cortisol level (~ 70 ng ml^− 1) was seen in all fish exposed to reduced oxygen levels (60, 40 and 20% oxygen saturation) after 3.5 h recovery in normoxic water. Plasma glucose levels showed only moderate increases (~ 70%) following disturbance and hypoxia challenges. An in vivo injection of ACTH caused a strong elevation of plasma cortisol (peak level ~ 170 ng ml^− 1), demonstrating a high capacity for interrenal steroidogenesis in the spotted wolffish. The slow and relatively weak cortisol response to stressors, and low plasma glucose levels, may relate to the sedentary lifestyle of the spotted wolffish. The stress-response is characterised by a passive (reactive) coping style, which is considered adaptive for farming of this species.  相似文献   

The Coconut Water Antimicrobial Peptide CnAMP1 Is Taken up into Intestinal Cells but Does Not Alter P-Glycoprotein Expression and Activity     

Anaya  Katya  Podszun  Maren  Franco  Octavio Luiz  de Almeida Gadelha  Carlos Alberto  Frank  Jan 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(3):396-403

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Coconut antimicrobial peptide-1 (CnAMP1) is a naturally occurring bioactive peptide from green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.). Although biological activities...  相似文献   

Kurzmitteilung Einfluß der Qualität der organischen Substanz auf die Konsistenz landwirtschaftlicher Böden     

Peter Leinweber  Petra Kahle  Hans-Rolf Schulten 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1991,154(3):169-170

Influence of organic matter quality on consistency of agricultural soils The soil organic matter of two samples similar in the texture and approximately in the organic C contents, but very differently in the consistency properties, were investigated by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS). The shifts of the values of the liquid and plastic limits towards higher moisture contents are explained by a different quality of soil organic matter, in particular by higher amounts of longchained lipids (C_8-32 alkanes, alkenes, fatty acids), N-compounds and lignin dimers.  相似文献