A new model for predicting the flight activity of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)     

Mariano Amo-Salas  Vanesa Ortega-López  Radoslav Harman  Agustín Alonso-González 《Crop Protection》2011,30(12):1586-1593

The grape vine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), attacks vineyards mostly in Southern Europe and Northern Africa. The efficiency of most control methods depends on the treatment of pest populations at their most susceptible stages, therefore the prediction of the moth’s development cycle would help greatly in determining an optimal treatment schedule. One strategy for protecting against this pest is based on the day of maximum flight of males per generation (peak flight), when the mating between males and females and the laying of eggs reaches its maximum. The knowledge of these times would enable us to decide the kind of insecticide and the best time to target it. The time of maximum flight can be predicted by the Touzeau model of accumulated average daily temperature exceeding the development threshold. As shown, the fit of this model on data from the Ribera del Duero region in Spain is not accurate enough. Therefore, we propose an empirical and biologically plausible model based on logistic transformation of daily temperatures, which proves a better fit and permits simple inclusion of additional variables such as relative humidity.  相似文献   

Role of lysine epsilon-amino groups of beta-lactoglobulin on its activating effect of Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase     

Del Moral-Ramírez E  Domínguez-Ramírez L  Cruz-Guerrero AE  Rodríguez-Serrano GM  García-Garibay M  Gómez-Ruiz L  Jiménez-Guzmán J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(14):5859-5863

Native beta-lactoglobulin binds and increases the activity of Kluyveromyces lactis beta-galactosidase. Construction of a three-dimensional (3D) model of beta-lactoglobulin showed that lysine residues 15, 47, 69, and 138 are the most exposed ones, thus the ones more likely to interact with beta-galactosidase. Molecular docking estimated the interaction energies of amino acid residues with either lactose or succinic anhydride, showing that Lys(138) is the most likely to react with both. Affinity chromatography demonstrated that succinylated beta-lactoglobulin diminished its ability to bind to the enzyme. Furthermore, when activity was measured in the presence of succinylated beta-lactoglobulin, its activating effect was lost. Since succinylation specifically blocks Lys epsilon-amino groups, their loss very likely causes the disappearance of the activating effect. Results show that the activating effect of beta-lactoglobulin on beta-galactosidase activity is due to the interaction between both proteins and that this interaction is very likely to occur through the Lys epsilon-amino groups of beta-lactoglobulin.  相似文献   

Effect of Ahasl1‐1 and Ahasl1‐4 alleles on herbicide resistance and its associated dominance in sunflower     

Gabriela Breccia  Laura Gianotto  Emiliano Altieri  Mariano Bulos  Graciela Nestares 《Pest management science》2019,75(4):935-941

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Influence of different mineral and Organic pesticide treatments on Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) contents determined by derivative potentiometric stripping analysis in Italian white and red wines     

Salvo F  La Pera L  Di Bella G  Nicotina M  Dugo G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(4):1090-1094

This paper deals with the use of derivative potentiometric stripping analysis (dPSA) as a rapid and precise method to determine Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) levels in red and white wine samples from Sicily, Campania, and Tuscany and to investigate the possible connection between the content of these metals and the pesticide treatments used in vine-growing to control plant diseases and pests. dPSA allowed direct quantitation of heavy metals in acidified wines without any sample pretreatment. Mean recoveries of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ranged from 95.5 to 99.2% for white wine samples and from 96.1 to 100.0% for red wine samples. The obtained results showed that Cd(II) was not found in any sample and that Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) levels were always lower than the toxicity limits in both fungicide- and water-treated wines. Nevertheless, the contents of metals were increased in samples from organic and inorganic pesticides treatment with respect to the water-treated samples. In particular, quinoxyfen, dinocap-penconazole, and dinocap applications considerably increased Cu(II) and Zn(II) contents in white and red wines. The levels of lead were significantly raised by azoxystrobin and sulfur treatments.  相似文献   

Immunomodulatory and Antitumoral Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Red Algae Aqueous Extracts     

Noelia Gonzlez-Ballesteros  Lara Diego-Gonzlez  Mariano Lastra-Valdor  Maria Grimaldi  Antonella Cavazza  Franca Bigi  M. Carmen Rodríguez-Argüelles  Rosana Simn-Vzquez 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)

This study reports on the green and cost-efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles from three different red algae extracts. The nanoparticles synthesized were fully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, and Z-potential. Relevant components occurring in the extracts, such as polysaccharides or phenolic content, were assessed by analytical techniques such as spectrophotometric assays and liquid chromatography. Finally, the antioxidant, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory potential of both the extracts and the gold nanoparticles synthesized were analyzed in order to determine a possible synergistic effect on the nanoparticles. The results obtained confirmed the obtainment of gold nanoparticles with significant potential as immunotherapeutic agents. The therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles could be higher than that of inert gold nanoparticles loaded with bioactive molecules since the former would allow for higher accumulation into the targeted tissue.  相似文献   

Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay and an ELISA to monitor porcine circovirus type 2 infection in pigs from farms with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Sibila M  Calsamiglia M  Segalés J  Blanchard P  Badiella L  Le Dimna M  Jestin A  Domingo M 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(1):88-92

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether correlations exist between viremia with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and serum antibody profiles and between detection of PCV2 in nasal cavities and viremia of pigs from farms with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). ANIMALS: 495 pigs, ranging from the late nursery stage to the early grower-finisher stage of production. PROCEDURE: Serum antibodies to PCV2 were studied with an ELISA that detects the ORF2 viral protein. Nasal swab specimens and serum samples were tested with a PCV2-specific PCR assay. RESULTS: PCV2 DNA and serum antibodies to PCV2 were detected in pigs from all farms, although in different proportions. Overall, PCV2 DNA was detected in greater percentages in serum samples and nasal swab specimens of pigs from farms with PMWS. Although viral DNA was detected in both serum samples and nasal swab specimens, PCV2 detection in nasal swab specimens was higher than in serum samples of pigs from all farms. Serum antibodies to PCV2 were detected in a greater percentage of pigs from farms with PMWS, compared with farms without PMWS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A high prevalence of PCV2 infection was found in pigs from farms with and without PMWS. Besides the presence of PCV2, unknown additional factors may be necessary to induce the full expression of PMWS.  相似文献   

Naturally acquired antibodies against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin in goats     

Veschi JL  Bruzzone OA  Losada-Eaton DM  Dutra IS  Fernandez-Miyakawa ME 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,125(1-2):198-202

Clostridium perfringens type D-producing epsilon toxin is a common cause of death in sheep and goats worldwide. Although anti-epsilon toxin serum antibodies have been detected in healthy non-vaccinated sheep, the information regarding naturally acquired antibodies in ruminants is scanty. The objective of the present report was to characterize the development of naturally acquired antibodies against C. perfringens epsilon toxin in goats. The levels of anti-epsilon toxin antibodies in blood serum of goat kids from two different herds were examined continuously for 14 months. Goats were not vaccinated against any clostridial disease and received heterologous colostrums from cows that were not vaccinated against any clostridial disease. During the survey one of these flocks suffered an unexpectedly severe C. perfringens type D enterotoxemia outbreak. The results showed that natural acquired antibodies against C. perfringens epsilon toxin can appear as early as 6 weeks in young goats and increase with the age without evidence of clinical disease. The enterotoxemia outbreak was coincident with a significant increase in the level of anti-epsilon toxin antibodies.  相似文献   

Root lodging in sunflower. Variations in anchorage strength across genotypes,soil types,crop population densities and crop developmental stages   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mariano M. Sposaro  Claudio A. Chimenti  Antonio J. Hall 《Field Crops Research》2008

Root lodging is an important adversity affecting sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) production in Argentina under current husbandry practices, and may limit progress towards the achievement of higher yields via increased plant population density. Although there are perceptions that lodging susceptibility varies across developmental stages, crop population densities, genotypes and soil types, these perceptions have not been tested for sunflower using a standardized experimental protocol. This study aimed at: (1) identifying the sources of the variation in root lodging susceptibility in response to variations in crop population density in two genotypes of reputedly different susceptibility; (2) detecting the crop developmental stages most susceptible to root lodging; and (3) examining the relationships between root failure moment, root plate diameter and soil shear strength. We mechanically induced lodging at three developmental stages in plants rooted in pre-wetted plots. The crops were grown at 5.6 plants m⁻² over 3 years on either Typic Argiudoll or Typic Hapludoll soils and at 3, 5.6, 10 and 16 plants m⁻² on a Typic Argiudoll. The force needed to induce root lodging (root failure moment) and root plate diameter varied across genotypes, plant densities and developmental stages. Root failure moment and root plate diameters were greater (p < 0.05 for both variables) in the resistant hybrid across the three development stages and almost all crop population densities. For both hybrids, the most susceptible development stage was R2, and root failure moment and root plate diameter diminished (p < 0.05) as crop population density increased. Although root failure moment did not differ between soil types, root plate diameter was greater (p < 0.0001) in the coarser soil. The relationship between root failure moment and the product of root plate diameter cubed by soil shear strength (a measure of plant anchorage strength) for both hybrids, both soil types, and all crop population densities could be described by a single linear relationship (y = 0.2382x; R² = 0.812; p < 0.025).  相似文献   

Interference Between D and M Types of Plum pox virus in Japanese Plum Assessed by Specific Monoclonal Antibodies and Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction     

Capote N  Gorris MT  Martínez MC  Asensio M  Olmos A  Cambra M 《Phytopathology》2006,96(3):320-325

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A gustotopic map of taste qualities in the mammalian brain     

Chen X  Gabitto M  Peng Y  Ryba NJ  Zuker CS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6047):1262-1266

The taste system is one of our fundamental senses, responsible for detecting and responding to sweet, bitter, umami, salty, and sour stimuli. In the tongue, the five basic tastes are mediated by separate classes of taste receptor cells each finely tuned to a single taste quality. We explored the logic of taste coding in the brain by examining how sweet, bitter, umami, and salty qualities are represented in the primary taste cortex of mice. We used in vivo two-photon calcium imaging to demonstrate topographic segregation in the functional architecture of the gustatory cortex. Each taste quality is represented in its own separate cortical field, revealing the existence of a gustotopic map in the brain. These results expose the basic logic for the central representation of taste.  相似文献