Economics. Ready, steady, compete     

Villeval MC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6068):544-545

  相似文献   

Food sovereignty in US food movements: radical visions and neoliberal constraints     

Alison Hope Alkon  Teresa Marie Mares 《Agriculture and Human Values》2012,29(3):347-359

Although the concept of food sovereignty is rooted in International Peasant Movements across the global south, activists have recently called for the adoption of this framework among low-income communities of color in the urban United States. This paper investigates on-the-ground processes through which food sovereignty articulates with the work of food justice and community food security activists in Oakland, California, and Seattle, Washington. In Oakland, we analyze a farmers market that seeks to connect black farmers to low-income consumers. In Seattle, we attend to the experiences of displaced immigrant farmers from Latin America and their efforts to address their food needs following migration. In both cases, we find that US based projects were constrained by broader forces of neoliberalism that remained unrecognized by local activists. In Oakland, despite a desire to create a local food system led by marginalized African Americans, emphasis on providing green jobs in agriculture led activists to take a market-based approach that kept local food out of the economic grasp of food-insecure neighborhood residents. In Seattle, the marginalization of the immense agroecological knowledge of Latino/an immigrant farmers rendered local food projects less inclusive and capable of transformative change. Taken together, these very different cases suggest that a shift towards food sovereignty necessitates a broad acknowledgement of and resistance to neoliberalism.  相似文献   

A retrospective study of 29 cases of otitis media/interna in dairy calves     

Véronique Bernier Gosselin  David Francoz  Marie Babkine  André Desrochers  Sylvain Nichols  Elizabeth Doré  Christian Bédard  Joane Parent  Julie-Hélène Fairbrother  Gilles Fecteau 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(9):957-962

Epidemiological data, clinical findings, laboratory data, medical imaging, and outcomes were reviewed in 29 dairy calves with otitis media/interna. Age at admission ranged from 1 to 24 wk. The majority of calves were referred during winter. Clinical signs included drooping ear, ptosis, head tilt, abnormal nystagmus, strabismus, dysphagia, regurgitation, stiff neck, opisthotonos, facial hyperesthesia, and purulent aural discharge. Intranasal endoscopic examination of 5 animals revealed nasopharyngeal collapse in 4. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in all of 7 cases. Mycoplasma bovis was cultured from all but 1 case with external ear or tympanic bullae samples (n = 12), and Mycoplasma arginini was cultured from the remaining ear sample. Radiographs of the tympanic bullae were performed in 24 calves, tomodensitometry (CT) in 3 calves and ultrasound in 4 calves. According to medical imaging techniques or necropsy, 69% of the cases were classified as chronic. Mean duration of treatment was 23.3 d. The rate of clinical recovery was 75%.  相似文献   

Prospective medical evaluation of 7 dogs presented with fly biting     

Diane Frank  Marie C. Bélanger  Véronique Bécuwe-Bonnet  Joane Parent 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(12):1279-1284

Fly biting describes a syndrome in which dogs appear to be watching something and then snapping at it. Medical work-up of fly biting in dogs has never been reported. The aims of this case series were to characterize fly biting and perform a complete medical evaluation of dogs displaying fly biting.  相似文献   

Ectopic ureters in dogs: clinical features, surgical techniques and outcome     

Reichler IM  Eckrich Specker C  Hubler M  Alois B  Haessig M  Arnold S 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(4):515-522

  相似文献   

Impact of a mutator phenotype on motility and cell adherence in Salmonella Heidelberg     

Le Bars H  Le Gall-David S  Renoux VM  Bonnaure-Mallet M  Jolivet-Gougeon A  Bousarghin L 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(1-2):99-106

In this study, we investigated adherence and motility of the hypermutator Salmonella enterica Heidelberg B182 bovine strain related to a 12bp deletion in mutS. This mutator phenotype was associated with increased adherence to epithelial cells and with high expression of fimA as shown by real-time RT-PCR. Motility studies showed that fliC were up-regulated in the B182 strain, while fljA and fljB were down-regulated. In order to determine if mutated mutS is implicated in this genes expression, isogenic strains, derived from a WT strain, containing the 12bp deletion in mutS (Δ12bpmutS) or an inactivated mutS (ΔmutS) were generated. Δ12bpmutS and ΔmutS strains showed a spontaneous mutation rate similar to the environmental strain B182, but exhibited lower adherence capacity and fimA expression. In contrast to the fimbriae genes, in Δ12bpmutS, fliC expression was up-regulated, but fljA and fljB expression were decreased, as in the B182 strain. Only fljB expression was increased in ΔmutS mutants. Taken together, our data suggest that mutS alteration does not influence fimbriae expression but can impact flagella genes.  相似文献   

Assessing long term effects of compost fertilization on soil fertility and nitrogen mineralization rate     

Marie Reimer  Clara Kopp  Tobias Hartmann  Heidi Zimmermann  Reiner Ruser  Rudolf Schulz  Torsten Müller  Kurt Möller 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(2):217-233

Background

Fertilization with organic waste compost can close the nutrient cycles between urban and rural environments. However, its effect on yield and soil fertility must be investigated.

Aim

This study investigated the long-term effect of compost on soil nutrient and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration, nutrient budgets, and nitrogen (N) mineralization and efficiency.

Methods

After 21 years of annual compost application (100/400 kg N ha^–1 year^–1 [100BC/400BC]) alone and combined with mineral fertilization, soil was analyzed for pH, organic carbon (SOC), nutrient (total N and P, N_min, extractable CAL-P, CAL-K, and Mg), and PTE (Cu, Ni, Zn) concentrations. Yields were recorded and nutrient/PTE budgets and apparent net mineralization (ANM, only 2019) were calculated.

Results

N efficiency was the highest in maize and for mineral fertilization. Compost application led to lower N efficiencies, but increased ANM, SOC, pH, and soil N, and surpluses of N, P, and all PTEs. Higher PTE concentrations were only found in 400BC for Cu. Nutrient budgets correlated with soil nutrient concentration. A surplus of 16.1 kg P ha^–1 year^–1 and 19.5 kg K ha^–1 year^–1 resulted in 1 mg kg^–1 increase in CAL-P and CAL-K over 21 years.

Conclusion

Compost application supplies nutrients to crops with a minor risk of soil-accumulation of PTEs. However, the nutrient stoichiometry provided by compost does not match crop offtakes causing imbalances. Synchronization of compost N mineralization and plant N demand does not match and limits the yield effect. In winter wheat only 65–70% of N mineralization occurred during the growth period.  相似文献   

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS–PULMONARY‐TRACHEOBRONCHIAL PROLAPSE IN A NEW CALEDONIAN GIANT GECKO (RHACODACTYLUS LEACHIANUS)     

Seamus Hoey  Dominique Keller  Tamara Chamberlin  Marie Pinkerton  Kenneth Waller  Randi Drees 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2013,54(6):630-633

A 3‐year‐old male New Caledonian giant gecko, or Leach's gecko (Rhacodactylus leachianus) presented with acute lethargy and coelomic distention. Findings from survey radiographs and an upper gastrointestinal tract contrast study were consistent with severe aerophagia, a collapsed left lung, and hyperinflation of the right lung due to suspected bronchial obstruction. The gecko was treated with conservative medical management, but was found dead 5 days after presentation. Necropsy findings showed intussusception of the proximal left lung into the left mainstem bronchus and trachea.  相似文献   

Management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a French Bulldog using airway pressure release ventilation     

Catherine V. Sabino DVM  Marie Holowaychuk DVM  DACVECC  Shane Bateman DVM  DVSc  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(4):447-454

  相似文献   

Spatial pattern of trees influences species productivity in a mature oak–pine mixed forest     

Marie Ange Ngo Bieng  Thomas Perot  François de Coligny  François Goreaud 《European Journal of Forest Research》2013,132(5-6):841-850

Spatial pattern has a key role in the interactions between species in plant communities. These interactions influence ecological processes involved in the species dynamics: growth, regeneration and mortality. In this study, we investigated the effect of spatial pattern on productivity in mature mixed forests of sessile oak and Scots pine. We simulated tree locations with point process models and tree growth with spatially explicit individual growth models. The point process models and growth models were fitted with field data from the same stands. We compared species productivity obtained in two types of mixture: a patchy mixture and an intimate mixture. Our results show that the productivity of both species is higher in an intimate mixture than in a patchy mixture. Productivity difference between the two types of mixture was 11.3 % for pine and 14.7 % for oak. Both species were favored in the intimate mixture because, for both, intraspecific competition was more severe than interspecific competition. Our results clearly support favoring intimate mixtures in mature oak–pine stands to optimize tree species productivity; oak is the species that benefits the most from this type of management. Our work also shows that models and simulations can provide interesting results for complex forests with mixtures, results that would be difficult to obtain through experimentation.  相似文献