Performance of a short dietary questionnaire to assess nutrient intake using regression-based weights     

Vercambre MN  Boutron-Ruault MC  Niravong M  Berr C  Clavel-Chapelon F  Ragusa S 《Public health nutrition》2009,12(4):547-552

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Texture and sesquioxide effects on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils     

Bernard G. Barthès  Ernest Kouakoua  Marie-Christine Larré-Larrouy  Tantely M. Razafimbelo  Edgar F. de Luca  Anastase Azontonde  Carmen S.V.J. Neves  Pedro L. de Freitas  Christian L. Feller 《Geoderma》2008,143(1-2):14-25

Many tropical soils include sesquioxides, which influence the stability of soil organic matter (OM) and aggregation to an extent that is not fully characterized. The present study was carried out on a range of 18 topsoil samples (0–10 cm) from low-activity clay (LAC) soils from sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil, and aimed: (i) at characterizing the size distributions of water-stable aggregates and organic constituents, (ii) at studying how these distributions were affected by texture and sesquioxides, and (iii) how they interacted.The distributions of stable aggregates were generally dominated by macroaggregates (> 200 μm), and those of organic constituents by fine OM (< 20 μm). Aggregation was not clearly affected by soil texture, while total soil carbon (Ct) and the amount of carbon (C) as fine OM increased with soil content in clay plus fine silts (< 20 μm). Stable macroaggregation correlated with Ct and with C amount as fine OM, but each of them correlated more closely with citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite-extractable aluminium (Al), which was not expected. Stable macroaggregation also correlated with C amounts as coarse- and medium-sized OM (> 200 and 20–200 μm, respectively), but each of them correlated more closely with oxalate-extracted Al. These results suggested that for the LAC tropical soils under study OM and aggregate stability depended closely on Al-containing sesquioxides, on Al-substituted crystalline hematite and goethite especially. These sesquioxides also seemed to play a dominant role in the relations between aggregation and OM. As far as soils rich in sesquioxides are concerned, this confirmed that OM is not the main aggregating agent, and suggested that physical protection within aggregates is not necessarily the main mechanism for OM stabilization. However, as soil sesquioxide content cannot be managed easily, the effect of land use on soil OM and aggregation was determinant at the local scale: indeed, for a given location, stable macroaggregation, Ct and C amount as fine OM generally decreased with land use intensification (i.e. cultivation, tillage, reduced surface cover).  相似文献   

Feasibility study for combining cooling and high grade energy production in a solar greenhouse     

P.J. Sonneveld  G.L.A.M. Swinkels  G.P.A. Bot  G. Flamand 《Biosystems Engineering》2010,105(1):51-58

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Farmers’ unconscious incorporation of sexually-produced genotypes into the germplasm of a vegetatively-propagated crop (Oxalis tuberosa Mol.)     

Maxime Bonnave  Guillaume Bleeckx  Jorge Rojas Beltrán  Peter Maughan  Marie-Christine Flamand  Franz Terrazas  Pierre Bertin 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2014,61(4):721-740

Clonal propagation and sexual reproduction have diametrically opposite effects on the genetic diversity of crops, permitting, respectively, the conservation of existing genotypes or the creation of new diversity. Oxalis tuberosa Mol. (“oca”) exhibits a heteromorphic self-incompatibility system and is traditionally propagated clonally but is capable of sexual reproduction. In this study we investigated the influence of sexual reproduction on the in situ genetic diversity of a vegetatively propagated crop, taking oca as a model plant. The occurrence of sexual reproduction in natural conditions and its use by farmers were studied through surveys and interviews, while the effect of sexual reproduction on the in situ genetic diversity was evaluated using microsatellite analysis. Plantlets issuing from sexual reproduction were encountered in five of the nine visited communities. The interviews indicated that six out of the nine interviewed farmers were likely, albeit unconsciously, incorporating clonal lineages issuing from sexual reproduction into their varieties. The microsatellite analysis indicated a strong effect of such incorporations on the genetic diversity of the plant varieties. Assignment tests confirmed the allogamy of oca. “Complex varieties”, made up of individuals exhibiting genetically differentiated genotypes, were most likely the result of recent crossing. Unconscious incorporation of new genotypes into the cultivated oca germplasm is therefore highly likely, raising the question of its potential occurrence in other vegetatively propagated crops. These findings could have an important effect on the adaptive potential of oca, especially in light of the genetic erosion that threatens the crop.  相似文献   

Parasites of South African wildlife. X. Helminths of red duikers, Cephalophus natalensis, in Natal     

J Boomker  I G Horak  J R Flamand 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1991,58(3):205-209

The helminths of the following red duikers, Cephalophus natalensis, were examined: 24 from 3 game reserves in Natal and 1 that had originated from Charters Creek, Natal, shortly before it died in the National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria. The 21 animals from Charters Creek harboured 16 nematode species, a nematode genus, 2 cestode species and paramphistomes. The 2 red duiker from Fanies Island harboured 4 nematode species, 3 nematode genera and 1 cestode species, while the single red duiker from Ndumu was infected with 3 nematode species. The antelope from the National Zoological Gardens, Pretoria, harboured 2 nematode species, 1 nematode genus and 1 cestode species. A race of Cooperia rotundispiculum was the most abundant nematode in duikers from all the reserves. Hyostrongylus rubidus is a new parasite record in South Africa and in red duikers, and was present in 80% of the antelope. Although primarily a parasite of swine, Hyostrongylus rubidus should be regarded as a definitive parasite of these antelope.  相似文献   

Development of a Potato Cultivar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.) Core Collection,a Valuable Tool to Prospect Genetic Variation for Novel Traits     

Florence Esnault  Roland Pellé  Jean-Paul Dantec  Aurélie Bérard  Marie-Christine Le Paslier  Jean-Eric Chauvin 《Potato Research》2016,59(4):329-343

This study presents the development of a core collection capturing the genetic diversity of a collection of 350 tetraploid cultivated potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum L.). The core collection was established by using simple sequence repeats (SSR) data and the M strategy, which aims at maximizing the allelic diversity. A 48-core collection was defined which captured 99.5% of the SSR alleles used to establish it, and 96.9% of the SSR alleles which belonged to an independent set of markers. The defined core collection was further validated by analysing 35 agro-morphological traits. The class coverage value and the estimates of the Shannon-Weaver diversity index indicated a good representation of the phenotypic diversity in the core collection. Furthermore, the core set included accessions having the most desirable status for several agronomic traits. A linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, using data obtained with the SolCAP SNP array on the defined core collection, was performed. The population structure analysis showed that the core collection did not present a clear genetic structure. The linkage disequilibrium analysis carried out between markers located on the same pseudomolecule within 10,000 bp concluded that 41.3% of these pairs of SNP markers have a significant LD. We conclude that this core collection, representative of the genetic diversity of cultivated potato varieties, is a relevant tool for a first screening for genetic variation regarding novel traits of interest.  相似文献   

Plant Nutrition in the Roman empire     

Werner Tietz  Marie-Christine von Minckwitz 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(5):479-486

This article presents various techniques for plant nutrition in the ancient world, namely ancient Rome. It discusses the attempts of Roman farmers to ameliorate their soil by ways of spreading manure, green manuring, and applying mineral fertilizers and other materials thought of as improving the soil. The relevant information is taken mainly from Roman literary texts that pose their own difficulties to the reader being, above all, highly stylized products of art rather than practical handbooks. Such information can nevertheless be contrasted with recent observations on the effectiveness of these methods. It is shown that ancient knowledge contributed considerably to developing a remarkably successful—if somewhat flawed with respect to scientific details—strategy of improving annual yields and thus supporting the Roman urban culture and demographic stability, with a general level of nutrition reached in Europe and North America only after World War II.  相似文献   

High resolution map of eggplant (Solanum melongena) reveals extensive chromosome rearrangement in domesticated members of the Solanaceae     

Sami Doğanlar  Amy Frary  Marie-Christine Daunay  Koen Huvenaars  Rolf Mank  Anne Frary 《Euphytica》2014,198(2):231-241

A linkage map of eggplant was constructed for an interspecific F₂ population derived from a cross between Solanum linnaeanum MM195 and S. melongena MM738. The map contains 400 AFLP^® (amplified fragment length polymorphism), 348 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and 116 COSII (conserved ortholog set) markers. The 864 mapped markers encompass 12 linkage groups, span 1,518 cM and are spaced at an average interval of 1.8 cM. Use of orthologous markers allowed confirmation of the established syntenic relationships between eggplant and tomato chromosomes and helped delineate the nature of the 33 chromosomal rearrangements and 11 transpositions distinguishing the two species. This genetic map provides a 2- to 3-fold improvement in marker density compared to previously published interspecific maps. Because the interspecific mapping population is rich in morphological variation, this greater genome saturation will be useful for QTL (quantitative trait locus) analyses. The recent release of the tomato genome sequence will provide additional opportunities for exploiting this map for comparative genomics and crop improvement.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of partial resistance to coffee leaf rust ( Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br.) introgressed into the cultivated Coffea arabica L. from the diploid C. canephora species     

Juan Carlos Herrera P.  Gabriel Alvarado A.  Hernando A. Cortina G.  Marie-Christine Combes  Gladys Romero G.  Philippe Lashermes 《Euphytica》2009,167(1):57-67

The objective of this study was to identify polymorphic molecular markers associated with partial resistance to coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastarix. A segregating F ₂ population derived from a cross between the susceptible Coffea arabica cv. Caturra and a C. canephora-introgressed Arabica line exhibiting high partial resistance was analyzed. Rust resistance measured as rust incidence (RI) and defoliation (DEF) was evaluated in field conditions in three consecutive years (2003–2005). During the 2003 season, which was characterized by favorable conditions for a rust epidemic, the F ₂ plants exhibited different levels of resistance ranging from very susceptible (50.1% for DEF and 49.5% for RI) to highly partial resistance (9.1% for DEF and 3.7% for RI). Molecular analysis enabled identification of seven polymorphic markers (5 AFLP and 2 SSR) exhibiting significant association with partial resistance. Coexistence of resistance homozygous alleles (RR) at codominant SSR loci was correlated with high resistance. This study is the first attempt to develop PCR-based sequence specific markers linked to partial rust resistance in coffee.  相似文献   

The helminths of various antelope species from Natal     

J Boomker  M E Keep  J R Flamand  I G Horak 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1984,51(4):253-256

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