Book reviews     

Marilyn Holly  Carla A. Kirts  Yvonne Everett  Jan L. Flora  David O. Hansen  Cornelia Butler Flora  John A. Hayward  David Haenke  Alessandro Bonanno 《Agriculture and Human Values》1988,5(4):57-78

Marilyn Holly is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Florida. Her special interests include political philosophy, ethics and ecology, Jungian thought, and Native American spirituality in its relation to the environment. She is currently at work on a monograph-length piece on the latter topic. She has taught an undergraduate course in ethics and ecology, and plans to do so again. The following essay emerged from her search for a suitable text for such a course.  相似文献   

Surgical amputation of a digit and vacuum-assisted-closure (V.A.C.) management in a case of osteomyelitis and wound care in an eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli)     

Harrison TM  Stanley BJ  Sikarskie JG  Bohart G  Ames NK  Tomlian J  Marquardt M  Marcum A  Kiupel M  Sledge D  Agnew D 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(2):317-321

A 14-yr-old female eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli) presented with progressive suppurative osteomyelitis in her left hind lateral toe. beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus sp. was isolated. The animal was treated with multiple systemic antibiotics, and topical wound cleansing. Repeated debridements and nail trimmings were performed for 5 mo prior to electing amputation. The toe was surgically amputated under general anesthesia between the first and second phalanges. Analgesia was diffused into the wound topically via a catheter and elastomeric pump. The open amputation site was covered with adherent drapes and a negative-pressure wound therapy device provided vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.) for 72 hr. Three months later this animal developed a deep dermal ulcer on the lateral aspect of the right hind limb, at the level of the stifle. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated. The wound was managed by initial daily lavage, followed by 1 mo of V.A.C. therapy, with 72 hr between dressing changes. Clinically, this therapy expedited the formation of healthy granulation tissue and overall healing was accelerated. The animal tolerated the machine and bandage changes well via operant conditioning. The use of negative-pressure wound therapy appeared to shorten time to resolution of slow-healing wounds in black rhinoceros.  相似文献   

Dietary patterns and dietary makeovers     

Tseng M 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(4):473-474

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A rapid spectrofluorometric screening method for enrofloxacin in chicken muscle     

Chen G  Schneider MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(11):3249-3253

A simple spectrofluorometric method was developed for screening enrofloxacin (ENRO) in chicken muscle. A single-step extraction with acidic acetonitrile gave the best results without further cleanup. Following centrifugation the supernatants were excited at 324 nm and the emission was measured at 442 nm. Using this procedure, 18 chicken breast samples from 3 producers were tested. The results showed background signal levels significantly lower than those corresponding to 300 microg/kg ENRO, the FDA approved tolerance level. Statistical treatment of these data established a threshold which can be used in subsequent screening of ENRO at the tolerance level. The calibration curve revealed a satisfactory linear relationship (R(2) = 0.9991) in a range of 0-700 microg/kg ENRO in fortified chicken breast. ENRO-incurred samples were examined using this approach, and the results agreed with those obtained from more extensive separation followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Because the threshold can be set at the 3 sigma limit, reliable screening can be accomplished with an error rate of less than 0.26%. Based on this investigation, a high-throughput screening method for ENRO in chicken tissue is proposed.  相似文献   

Rapid fluorescence screening assay for enrofloxacin and tetracyclines in chicken muscle     

Schneider MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(26):7809-7813

A simple, rapid fluorescence assay was developed for screening both enrofloxacin (ENRO) and tetracyclines in chicken muscle at the U.S. tolerance levels (300 ng/g and 2 microg/g, respectively). Screening for both classes of antibiotics is accomplished using one extraction, thus simplifying and expediting the process. The method requires an initial extraction of chicken muscle with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile, centrifugation, and analysis of the supernatant for ENRO fluorescence. After addition of ammonium hydroxide, magnesium chloride, and methanol, followed by centrifugation and filtration, the supernatant can be measured for tetracycline fluorescence. Chlortetracycline (CTC) was chosen as a representative tetracycline to demonstrate the method, as it displays intermediate sensitivity among the three tetracyclines approved in the U.S. Comparison of the fluorescence of control and tolerance-level-fortified samples of both ENRO and CTC shows no overlap. Setting a threshold as the average fortified fluorescence minus 3sigma allows for successful screening, as illustrated with blind samples as controls or fortified with ENRO and/or CTC over a range of concentrations. This method can provide an alternative or supplemental approach to currently used microbial screening assays.  相似文献   

Group G streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in three cats     

Taillefer M  Dunn M 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2004,40(5):418-422

Three 8-week-old kittens were presented with a history of acute, generalized weakness and severe fever. One cat was dead upon presentation, and necropsy findings were supportive of a group G Streptococcus spp. septicemia. During their clinical courses, two of the three kittens developed a progressive, marked swelling of one or more limbs. One moribund and severely hypothermic cat was euthanized a few hours after presentation, and necropsy was also supportive of a group G Streptococcus spp. septicemia. One kitten recovered. Group G streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome was suspected because of the fulminant progression of the septicemia.  相似文献   

Color stability, reducing activity, and cytochrome c oxidase activity of five bovine muscles     

Seyfert M  Mancini RA  Hunt MC  Tang J  Faustman C  Garcia M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(23):8919-8925

The objective was to characterize the beef psoas major (PM), longissimus lumborum (LL), superficial semimembranosus (SSM), deep semimembranosus (DSM), and semitendinosus (ST) muscles for differences in instrumental and visual color, metmyoglobin-reducing activity (MRA), total reducing activity (TRA), and cytochrome c oxidase activity. The LL and ST had the most color stability and MRA (p < 0.05), the DSM and PM had the least (p < 0.05), and values for the SSM were intermediate. Visual color (r = -0.66) and a and chroma (r = 0.68) were more correlated with MRA than with TRA (r < 0.14 for all measures). This research supports previous reports that color stability among muscles is variable and that MRA is more useful than TRA for explaining the role of reducing activity in muscle-color stability.  相似文献   

Pathology in practice. Mycoplasma pulmonis infection     

Desjardins DR  Kennedy LH  Agnew DW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(2):155-157

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Efficacy of orally administered sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts     

Giora van Straten  Diewke van Dalen  Sietske J. Mesu  Jan Rothuizen  Erik Teske  Bart Spee  Robert P. Favier  Ingeborg M. van Geijlswijk 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(3):1331-1335

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Evaluation of coagulation markers in the plasma of healthy cats and cats with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy     

Bédard C  Lanevschi-Pietersma A  Dunn M 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2007,36(2):167-172

BACKGROUND: Thrombosis and arterial thromboembolism are frequent complications of feline cardiomyopathy, especially when associated with left atrial enlargement. Markers of activated coagulation may be used to evaluate the coagulation status of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in relation to left atrial size. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-dimer, and fibrin degradation products (FDP) between clinically healthy cats and cats with HCM. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and antithrombin activity were also compared and the association between left atrial (LA) size and coagulation results in cats with HCM was evaluated. METHODS: Blood samples from 19 clinically healthy cats and 20 cats with HCM were obtained. All cats with HCM were asymptomatic and had no signs of heart failure. LA diameter and LA to proximal aortic (Ao) diameter ratio (LA:Ao) were determined by echocardiography. RESULTS: Reference intervals for D-dimer and TAT concentrations in plasma of healthy cats were established as 0.09-0.32 microg/mL and 2.0-20.0 microg/L, respectively. TAT, D-dimer, and FDP concentrations were increased in 5, 3, and 2 cats with HCM, respectively. TAT and D-dimer concentrations, and PT and aPTT were not significantly different between groups. Antithrombin activity was significantly decreased in cats with HCM (P=.03) despite marked range overlap. LA and LA:Ao were not correlated with coagulation results. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability was found in 45% of cats with HCM. Left atrial size was not associated with laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability. Association between coagulation markers and risk of thrombosis has yet to be evaluated in cats with HCM.  相似文献