Changes in the Peritoneum during the Development of the Testis, Epididymis and Ductus Deferens in the Pig     

E. Martin  H. Rodriguez-Martinez   《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》1993,22(3):201-211

The development of the peritoneal folds of the testis, epididymis and ductus deferens of the pig prior to testicular descent was studied in 18 to 82 days-old embryos/fetuses. The parietal attachment of the mesonephros, mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts and gubernaculum constituted the urogenital mesentery. This could be divided in a cranial and a caudal part. The first fixed the mesonephros and had a mesogonad as a secondary fold. The second had two branches, one laterally to the umbilical artery belonging to the gubernaculum (Plica gubemacularis) and the medial to the artery contained the meso- and paramesonephric ducts. The mesogonad was related caudally with Plica gubemacularis. The fold of the meso- and paramesonephric ducts could also be divided in two parts. The caudal was a primary component of the urogenital mesentery, while the cranial was first ventral and later lateral to the mesogonad (mesorchium) and appeared as a secondary fold of the urogenital mesentery (cranial part). A vascular fold contributed to separate the suspensory ligament of the testis from the developing mesorchium. The proposed meaning of the terms used might be useful for comparative studies.  相似文献   

Returns from small ruminant production in South West Nigeria     

Martin Upton 《Agricultural Systems》1985,17(2):65-83

Dwarf goats and sheep are ubiquitous in the humid zone of West Africa, although only as a supplement to cash and food crop production. This paper presents estimates of the returns obtained from these small ruminants under traditional production systems. Returns are, on average, high, but variable, especially in view of disease risks. Apart from disease control measures to reduce mortality, improved nutrition is needed for intensifying production. At current levels of management neither pasture production nor housing and hand-feeding are likely to yield increased returns. Alley farming, a system of intercropping with shrub species and the feeding of shrub trimmings to small ruminants, seems a promising alternative.  相似文献   

Response:Model of Huntington's disease     

Beal MF  Kowall NW  Swartz KJ  Ferrante RJ  Martin JB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,241(4864):475

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Drivers of forest fire occurrence in the cultural landscape of Central Europe     

Martin Adámek  Zuzana Jankovská  Věroslava Hadincová  Emanuel Kula  Jan Wild 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(11):2031-2045

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Aetiology and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in peri-urban areas of Kigali in Rwanda     

Ndahetuye  Jean Baptiste  Persson  Ylva  Nyman  Ann-Kristin  Tukei  Michael  Ongol  Martin Patrick  Båge  Renée 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(7):2037-2044

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) and associated risk factors in dairy cows in peri-urban...  相似文献   

Virucidal efficacy of nine commercial disinfectants against porcine circovirus type 2     

Martin H  Le Potier MF  Maris P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(3):388-393

A number of commercially available disinfectants are commonly used on pig breeding farms and are authorised by the French Agricultural Ministry. However, the efficacy of these disinfectants is unknown with regard to the emergent porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The virucidal efficacy of nine disinfectants was evaluated by testing a suspension of PCV2 isolated in France. The assays were performed at 20 degrees C and the efficacy determined after 30 min contact time between virus and disinfectant. After this time, the mixture was passed through a detoxification column and then diluted to remove compounds toxic to the virus and the porcine kidney cell line. The filtrate was serially diluted and inoculated onto cell culture. The infectivity of PCV2 was determined by an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay. No reduction in PCV2 titre was demonstrated with iodine and phenolic products. Significant PCV2 titre reductions (1.61 log(10)) were noted for the seven other products. For five disinfectants, namely a product composed of potassium monopersulfate, two products comprising a quaternary ammonium with one or three aldehyde(s), sodium hypochlorite, and sodium hydroxide, the concentration that significantly reduced the PCV2 titre was equal or 1.5-4 times lower than the authorised use concentration. Only two disinfectants, one composed of potassium monopersulfate, the other containing peracetic acid with hydrogen peroxide, reduced the PCV2 titre with a product concentration at best equal or two times higher than the authorised use concentration.  相似文献   

Cattle stunning with a penetrative captive bolt device: A review     

Josef Kamenik  Vaclav Paral  Martin Pyszko  Eva Voslarova 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(3):307-316

The captive bolt device has been used for stunning cattle at abattoirs for more than 100 years and is now one of the stunning devices used most widely. The aim of this review article was to assess the effects that are decisive during cattle slaughter on the quality of stunning with the use of a captive bolt stunning device. The basis of effective stunning is the use of a suitable type of device, with the speed of the bolt and the kinetic energy corresponding to the anatomical parameters of the slaughtered animal. The importance of the regular cleaning and maintenance of stunning devices and monitoring of the effectiveness of stunning goes without saying. The immediate loss of sensibility in the animal must occur after the first shot. The effectiveness of the stunning process can be quantified by regular monitoring of the behavior of animals after stunning with an emphasis on the loss of reflexes (corneal reflex, regular breathing, attempts to regain physiological posture) and checks on the shot location on the skulls of slaughtered animals.  相似文献   

The development and fine structure of Lankesterella cf. dicroglossi (Apicomplexa: Lankesterellidae) infecting frogs in Niger, West Africa.     

I Paperna  C Martin 《Folia parasitologica》2001,48(3):178-186

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Levels of resistance of Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei to the systemic fungicide triadimenol     

James K. M. Brown  Martin S. Wolfe 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(4):251-263

A random sample of conidiospores ofErysiphe graminis f.sp.hordei was obtained from the atmosphere above Cambridge, England, by incubating them on barley seedlings exposed on three dates in 1985. The asexual progeny of each spore was tested for its response to a range of doses of a systemic triazole fungicide, triademenol. Principal components analysis of the data revealed that the majority of isolates had a distinct level of response to triadimenol, being resistant to triadimenol at the rate apoplied to seed commercially. The remaining isolates appeared either to be sensitive to the lowest dose of triadimenol used, or to have one of two intermediate levels of resistance. There was a significant increase in the frequency of isolates with higher levels of resistance to triadimenol during 1985. This is likely to have been a response to the continuing widespread use of demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides by British farmers.  相似文献   

Effects of concanavalin A on the progesterone production by bovine steroidogenic luteal cells in vitro          下载免费PDF全文

FC Destro  I Martin  FDC Landim‐Alvarenga  JCP Ferreira  JL Pate 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):848-852

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concanavalin A (CONA) on the progesterone (P4) production by bovine steroidogenic luteal cells (LCs) in vitro. Luteal cells were collected during the mid‐luteal stage (at 10–12 days following ovulation) and processed in the laboratory. Luteal cells were grown for 7 days in a humid atmosphere with 5% CO₂, with or without 10% foetal bovine serum, and were subjected to the following treatments: control: no treatment; CONA (10 μg/ml); LH (100 μg/ml); CONA + LH; LH (100 μg/ml) + prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) (10 ng/ml); CONA + LH + PGF2α. Samples of the culture media were collected on days 1 (D1) and 7 (D7) for P4 quantification. The cells were counted on D7 of culture. Differences between treatments were considered statistically significant at p < .05. Culture in the presence of CONA decreased the P4‐secreting capacity of LCs on D7 of culture, particularly in the absence of serum. The cell numbers did not change between treatments.  相似文献