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71.
A probabilistic model was developed to estimate target and non-target avian mortality associated with the application of the avicide CPTH (3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride) to minimize sprouting rice damage in the southern USA. CPTH exposures for individual birds were predicted by random sampling from species-specific non-parametric distributions of bait seed consumption and CPTH residues detected on individual bait seeds. Mortality was predicted from the species-specific exposure versus mortality relationship. Individual variations in this response were captured in the model by Monte Carlo sampling from species-specific distributions of slopes and median toxicity values (LD50) for each bird. The model was used to simultaneously predict mortality (percentage of exposed population and number of birds killed/weight of consumed bait) for a target (blackbird) and non-target (mourning dove) species feeding on bait sites for up to five consecutive days. 相似文献
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Monroe WE Laxton D Fallin EA Richter KP Santen DR Panciera DL Towell TL Williams KA Hart JR Hill S Finkler MR Shinn JS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(5):675-682
The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a purified porcine insulin zinc suspension for treating dogs with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Fifty-three dogs were treated for 60 days after an initial dose determination period. The means of the blood glucose concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves and the means of the blood glucose nadir concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves for all dogs were determined before beginning insulin therapy (time 0), at the end of the dose determination period (time 1), 30 days after time 1 (time 2), and 60 days after time 1 (time 3). Presence of polyuria, polydipsia, and ketonuria was determined at each time point. Adequacy of control of hyperglycemia was based on 12-hour blood glucose curves and improvement in clinical variables (results of physical examinations, historic information, polyuria, polydipsia, and ketonuria). Safety was evaluated by questionnaire, performance of physical examination, CBC, serum chemistry profile, and urinalysis. The means of the blood glucose concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves and the means of the blood glucose nadir concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves for all dogs at times 1, 2, and 3 were significantly lower compared with time 0 (P < .0001). There was a reduction in the proportion of dogs with polyuria, polydipsia, and ketonuria of 82, 86, and 80%, respectively. All of the dogs had adequate glycemic control at time 1, 66% at time 2, and 75% at time 3. At time 3, 66% of dogs required insulin injections q12h. Other than hypoglycemia, there were no important adverse effects of insulin administration. The insulin, was safe and efficacious for reducing blood glucose and clinical signs in dogs with diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
74.
The most common treatment for urine spraying and marking in cats has been administration of long-acting progestins. Treatment with diazepam has recently been gaining favor, particularly because of reported adverse effects of progestins. Results of a clinical trial involving 20 cats indicated that diazepam was effective in eliminating or markedly reducing spraying in 11 (55%) of them. However, most cats required continuous treatment, or at least intermittent treatment, when spraying recurred. The physiologic and behavioral dependency of cats on diazepam, which presumably develops over the course of administration, may contribute to the tendency for spraying to recur once diazepam treatment is discontinued. Using data from previously published findings on progestin administration, plus additional cases, it was documented that a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher percentage of males than females responded favorably. Although the number of cases was not sufficient for a statistical comparison of diazepam vs progestin treatment with regard to male vs female, possible gender difference in the effectiveness of diazepam was not indicated. 相似文献
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Gardner RB Hart KA Stokol T Divers TJ Flaminio MJ 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(1):198-203
A 5-week-old Fell Pony colt was examined for fever, lethargy, and anemia. The colt had been lethargic for 1 week before examination, had continued to nurse, had a temperature of 104°F (40°C), and was treated with ceftiofur (5 mg/kg IM q12h). Approximately 36 hours before examination, the colt developed watery diarrhea. Blood work performed by the referring veterinarian on the day of admission revealed a PCV of 10%. 相似文献
77.
A 12-day-old Standardbred filly foal was presented with an acute onset hindlimb lameness of 24 hours duration. Initial ultrasonographic evaluation of the right gluteal region revealed oedematous change to the muscle architecture. Conservative therapy consisting of antimicrobials and stall rest was initiated. Forty-eight hours after admission a localised gluteal pyomyositis had developed. This was drained twice by percutaneous aspiration. Four days after admission the foal was euthanased. Necropsy examination revealed a septic proximal femoral physis with no grossly apparent joint involvement. 相似文献
78.
Evans NJ Timofte D Isherwood DR Brown JM Williams JM Sherlock K Lehane MJ Murray RD Birtles RJ Hart CA Carter SD 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(1-2):102-109
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a global infectious disease causing lameness of cattle and is responsible for substantial animal welfare issues and economic losses. The causative agents are considered to be spirochetal bacteria belonging to the genus Treponema, which have consistently been identified in BDD lesions worldwide. One potential means of controlling infection is the disruption of transmission; however, the infection reservoirs and transmission routes of BDD treponemes have yet to be elucidated. To address these issues, we surveyed for evidence of BDD treponeme presence in the dairy farm environment, in bovine tissues and in bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract contents. A total of 368 samples were tested using PCR assays specific for each of three currently recognised, isolated phylotypes of BDD treponemes. All environmental samples, together with insects and GI tract content samples were negative for BDD treponeme DNA from the three phylotypes. However, we identified BDD treponemes in two non-pedal bovine regions: the oral cavity (14.3% of cattle tested) and the rectum (14.8% of cattle tested). Whilst only single phylotypes were detected in the oral cavity, two of the rectal tissues yielded DNA from more than one phylotype, with one sample yielding all three BDD treponeme phylotypes. Whilst it might be considered that direct skin to skin contact may be a major transmission route of BDD treponemes, further studies are required to characterise and determine the potential contribution of oral and rectal carriage to BDD transmission. 相似文献
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