Characterization of ammonia-assimilating bacteria in a lagoon for wastewater from a paddock of dairy cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hiraku SASAKI  Gen MARUYAMA  Hanatsu SUZUKI  Jun NONAKA  Masaaki SATO  Takako SASAKI  Minoru OHTA  Yutaka NAKAI 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(1):73-76

We investigated microorganisms that assimilated ammonia in lagoon treatment processes. Ammonia‐assimilating microorganisms were detected by nitrogen‐limited medium that contained ammonia as the sole nitrogen source. Numbers of ammonia‐assimilating aerobes (log CFU/g) were 3.4, 4.8, 5.0, 4.8 and 5.0 (log CFU/mL) on the culture plate incubated at 4°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C and 25°C, respectively. Many isolates used ammonia in high rates when they were purely cultivated in nitrogen‐limited medium added to sterilized lagoon extract. Many of them used ammonia even when they were cultivated in media containing viable microbial flora of the lagoon. Among them, enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas sp. were identified by analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA.  相似文献   

Comparison of Ca Effect on the Salt Tolerance of Suspension Cells and Intact Plants of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Bright Yellow-2)     

Yoshiyuki Maeda  Masaaki Yoshiba  Toshiaki Tadano 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(4):485-490

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Relationship of glomerular filtration rate based on serum iodixanol clearance to IRIS staging in cats with chronic kidney disease     

Ryosuke IWAMA  Tsubasa SATO  Masaaki KATAYAMA  Shunsuke SHIMAMURA  Hiroshi SATOH  Toshihiro ICHIJO  Kazuhisa FURUHAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):1033-1035

We examined the correlation between the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from an equation based on the serum iodixanol clearance technique and International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats. The equation included the injection dose, sampling time, serum concentration and estimated volume of distribution (Vd) of the isotonic, nonionic, contrast medium iodixanol as a test tracer. The percent changes in the median basal GFR values calculated from the equation in CKD cats resembled those of IRIS stages 1–3. These data validate the association between the GFR derived from the simplified equation and IRIS stages based on the serum creatinine concentration in cats with CKD. They describe the GFR ranges determined using single-sample iodixanol clearance for healthy cats and cats with various IRIS stages of CKD.  相似文献   

Selection for high and low oxygen consumption altered hepatic mitochondrial energy efficiency in mice          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Hong  Astrid Ardiyanti  Motoi Kikusato  Tomoyuki Shimazu  Masaaki Toyomizu  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(9):818-825

Selection for high (H) and low (L) oxygen consumption (OC) as an indirect estimation of maintenance energy requirement was determined. Feed intake and body weight were measured and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 4–8‐week‐old mice was calculated. Respiratory activity of hepatic mitochondria was measured at 12 weeks. Total feed intake (H: 103.74 g, L: 97.92 g, P < 0.01), daily feed intake (H: 3.70 g/day, L: 3.50 g/day, P < 0.01) and FCR (H: 18.79, L: 15.50, P < 0.01) were significantly different between lines. The line by sex interaction was significant for FCR. No line differences were observed in males; and the FCR of the H line was greater than in the L line in females. H line mice had the highest hepatic mitochondrial respiratory activity in state 2 (P < 0.01), the highest uncoupled respiratory rate of mitochondria in the presence of an uncoupling agent (P < 0.001), and the mitochondrial proton leak. The adenosine diphosphate/ O ratio was highest in the L line (P < 0.05). This suggests that the selection for high and low OC induced differences in basal mitochondrial respiration and basal metabolism, resulting in difference in FCR between H and L lines.  相似文献   

Does sika deer overabundance exert cascading effects on the raccoon dog population?     

Yoshikazu Seki  Masaaki Koganezawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(1):121-127

Habitat structure in Oku-Nikko, Japan, has been substantially modified by the overabundance of sika deer (Cervus nippon). A deer-proof fence (15.0 km and 900 ha) was constructed in 2001 to conserve vegetation. Although the understory inside the fence is dominated by Sasa nipponica (hereafter, Sasa), an important forage plant for deer, that outside the fence is dominated by Aster ageratoides leiophyllus (hereafter, Aster), an unpalatable plant to deer, and, partly, by bare floor. In this study, we examined the effects of deer on ground-dwelling insects and earthworms, the primary food resources of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and, thus, the bottom-up cascading effects of the herbivore on the omnivorous carnivore. Between July and September 2008, we examined the abundance of insects and earthworms by pitfall trapping and hand-sorting methods, respectively, both inside and outside the fence. The abundance of earthworms and insects (Scarabaeidae and Rhaphidophoridae) was higher on forest floors with Aster and/or bare floors outside the fence than on those with Sasa inside the fence. These results indicate that the increasing deer population in this area probably increased the number of these invertebrates outside the fence by modifying understory vegetation and/or depositing dung. Furthermore, the sighting rates of raccoon dogs obtained by spotlight counts were greater outside than inside the fence, suggesting that deer probably exert bottom-up cascading effects on raccoon dogs, at least during May to November, when the invertebrates are predominantly fed on by the omnivorous carnivore.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the PATHFAST Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay for Measuring Progesterone in Whole Blood and Serum of Mares     

Yuko TOISHI  Nobuo TSUNODA  Masaaki TAGAMI  Hiromitsu HASHIMOTO  Fumiki KATO  Tsukasa SUZUKI  Kentaro NAGAOKA  Gen Watanabe  Shota TOKUYAMA  Kiyoshi OKUDA  Kazuyoshi TAYA 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(3):47-51

Evaluation of a new chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, the PATHFAST assay system (PATHFAST), for measurement of circulating progesterone in mares was performed. Five mares at the mid-luteal stage were administrated a single i.m. injection of prostaglandin F2α analog (PGF2α; cloprostenol 250 μg/ml), and then blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min, at one-hour intervals until 24 and at 48 hr via a catheter in the jugular vein. To monitor the physiological changes in circulating progesterone in mares after induced luteolysis, concentrations of progesterone in whole blood and serum samples were measured by PATHFAST. In addition, concentrations of progesterone in serum samples measured by PATHFAST were compared with those measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Using PATHFAST, the serum concentrations of progesterone in mares correlated highly with those of whole blood samples (r=0.9672, n=88). The serum concentrations of progesterone as measured by PATHFAST correlated well with RIA (r=0.9654, n=88) and EIA (r=0.9323, n=112). An abrupt decline in circulating progesterone in whole blood samples was observed within 2 hr (50%), followed by a gradual decline until 48 hr later. The results for progesterone in whole blood samples correlated highly with those in serum samples, and the declining pattern paralleled that of the serum samples. These results demonstrated that PATHFAST is useful in the equine clinic as an accurate diagnostic tool for rapid assay of progesterone within 26 min, using unextracted whole blood.  相似文献   

温室栽培条件下N2O排放量和浓度分布对肥料和施肥的短期响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

S. RIYA  MIN Ju  ZHOU Sheng  SHI Wei-Ming  M. HOSOMI 《土壤圈》2012,22(6):764-775

In vegetable cultivation, the majority of N2O emissions occur after fertilization; it is therefore important to understand any factors contributing to this process. An experiment was conducted to investigate short-term N2O dynamics following topdressing in a greenhouse vegetable field in South China. During two topdressing processes, three different urea-N treatments with irrigation were conducted in May and June in a tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) cultivation. The N2O fluxes, soil concentration profiles and soil environments at the 0-60 cm depths at 10 cm intervals were measured both immediately prior to and 5 days after topdressing. The N2O fluxes before topdressing ranged from 6.7±2.1 to 55.0±28.8 μ g N m 2 h 1 ; even higher numbers were recorded in highly fertilized plots. The NO3-N accumulation in the soil caused by vegetable cultivation during the 5 years prior to the start of the experiment, resulted in high background N2O fluxes. One day after topdressing (1 DAT) in May and June, N2O fluxes increased, which coincided with sharp increases in soil N2O concentrations at depths of 2.5 and 15 cm and in NO3-N and NH+4 -N contents at depths of 0-20 cm. From 1 to 5 DAT, fluctuations in the N2O fluxes did not harmonize with the N2O concentrations at a depth of 2.5 cm, which was attributed to different gas diffusion rates at depths of 0-10 cm. These results suggested that surface soil N and environmental conditions were crucial for determining the short-term N2O ebullitions during topdressing in greenhouse vegetable cultivation.  相似文献   

Phenotypic changes in reproductive traits with changes in stock size of the starspotted smooth-hound Mustelus manazo in Tokyo Bay, Japan     

Jeong-Chae Park  Masaaki Oyama  Jeong-Hoon Lee  Keita Kodama  Yasuhiko Ohta  Atsuko Yamaguchi  Hiroaki Shiraishi  Toshihiro Horiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):193-201

Reproductive traits are among the primary determinants of population dynamics, and their changes could affect stock size. We investigated differences in reproductive traits of the starspotted smooth-hound Mustelus manazo in Tokyo Bay between the 1990s (a low-stock period) and the 2000s (a high-stock period). Peak timings of mating (May–July), ovulation (May–June), and parturition (May–June) were similar between the two periods. However, the size at first maturity in the 2000s was smaller than that in the 1990s for both sexes. In addition, embryo-related parameters differed greatly between the two periods. Slopes of size–fecundity regression in the 2000s decreased to 43–73 % of the 1990–1996 values, suggesting a substantial decline in fecundity during the 2000s. Frequency distribution of the maximum ovum diameter during the ovulation season showed two distinct two modes in 1990s while it showed a substantial dispersion during the 2000s, implying that changes occurred in the developmental pattern of ova in the ovary. Undeveloped eggs were present in the uteri with low frequency from September to May during the 2000s, but they were totally absent from September through May in the 1990s. The increased number of remnant undeveloped eggs that did not become embryos may explain the fecundity decline during the 2000s.  相似文献   

Detection of viruses associated with rugose wood in Japanese grapevines and analysis of genomic variability of Rupestris stem pitting-associated virus   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ryoji Nakaune  Koji Inoue  Hideo Nasu  Katsura Kakogawa  Hiromichi Nitta  Jun Imada  Masaaki Nakano 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(2):156-163

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Control of Colletotrichum fructicola on strawberry with a foliar spray of neutral electrolyzed water through an overhead irrigation system     

Yoshihiko Hirayama  Shunsuke Asano  Keiichiroh Watanabe  Yasuhiro Sakamoto  Masaaki Ozaki  Ken’o Okayama  Satoshi T. Ohki  Motoaki Tojo 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2016,82(4):186-189

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