Application of the coastal ecosystem complex concept toward integrated management for sustainable coastal fisheries under oligotrophication     

Masakazu Hori  Hideki Hamaoka  Masahito Hirota  Franck Lagarde  Sandrine Vaz  Masami Hamaguchi  Juri Hori  Mitsutaku Makino 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(2):283-292

Harmonizing coastal fisheries with water-quality improvement has become an essential factor for the sustainable use of coastal ecosystem services. Here, we present the scope of our study based on an interdisciplinary approach including ecological actions, socio-economic actions and socio-psychological actions. We chose to focus on the interaction between oyster aquaculture and seagrass vegetation as a typical ecological action using the coastal ecosystem complex (CEC) concept. Coastal organisms have adapted their traits to the environment over a long period of time, so that restoration of the CEC represents reconstruction of the original process of coastal production. Subtidal seagrass vegetation with intertidal oyster reefs is the original CEC in Japan, which would be expected to enhance coastal production by improving the production efficiency without adding nutrients. A simple field experiment examining carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotope ratios revealed that oyster spats cultivated on a tidal flat adjacent to seagrass beds had higher nitrogen contents and higher δ¹³C ratios than spats cultivated in an offshore area using only pelagic production. This result suggests that utilization of the CEC, which enables oysters to use both pelagic and benthic production, has potential to sustain a food provisioning service for humans, even in oligotrophic conditions.  相似文献   

An angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,benazepril can be transformed to an active metabolite,benazeprilat, by the liver of dogs with ascitic pulmonary heartworm disease     

Kitagawa H  Ohba Y  Kuwahara Y  Ohne R  Kondo M  Nakano M  Sasaki Y  Kitoh K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(6):701-706

To examine whether an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, benazepril, can be transformed to the active metabolite, benazeprilat, by severely injured liver of dogs with ascitic heartworm disease, benazepril hydrochloride was administered orally to dogs once daily for 7 consecutive days at a dose rate of 0.29 mg/kg to 0.63 mg/kg of body weight, and plasma benazepril and benazeprilat concentrations were determined on the 1st and 7th administration days. In 7 dogs with ascitic pulmonary heartworm disease, plasma benazeprilat concentrations tended to be higher than in 7 control dogs both on the 1st and 7th administration days. The peak concentration and area under the concentration-time curve tended to be greater in dogs of the ascites group than in control dogs, but the statistics could not detect significant differences in the time to peak concentration and t(1/2) between the control and ascites groups. Plasma ACE activities decreased after administration of benazepril. In dogs with ascitic heartworm disease, benazepril was readily transformed to benazeprilat by the liver, and was effective for suppression of plasma ACE activity.  相似文献   

Phagocytosis of bovine blood and milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes after ozone gas administration in vitro     

Ducusin RJ  Nishimura M  Sarashina T  Uzuka Y  Tanabe S  Otani M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(4):535-539

To determine the effects of ozone on the phagocytosis of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), ozone gas was administered in vitro on the blood and milk of healthy lactating cows, cows with acute mastitis, and cows with milk fever. In the blood of healthy dairy cattle, although there was no significant effect of ozone gas on the viability of the leukocytes, phagocytosis of PMNs significantly decreased. In contrast, ozone gas administration in vitro significantly increased phagocytosis of PMNs from the blood of cows with acute mastitis and milk fever, and from mastitic milk. These findings showed that ozone administration in vitro has positive and negative effects on bovine PMN phagocytosis, depending on the health status of the animal.  相似文献   

Uptake and translocation of bleaching herbicidal compounds in radish seedlings     

Masahiro Takahashi  Shinichi Kawamura  Masakazu Miyakado  Yuzuru Sanemitsu  Shizuya Tanaka 《Pest management science》1993,39(3):169-177

The relationship between the hydrophobicity of certain herbicidal compounds and the bleaching pattern caused on radish cotyledons was investigated. Seed treatment with diphenylpyridones, as well as with established herbicides, produced three types of bleaching pattern according to their hydrophobicity. The less hydrophobic compounds caused complete bleaching of both cotyledons, but the compounds with more hydrophobicity caused only partial bleaching. The critical points for whole or partial bleaching were in the range of log K_ow 4–5 (K_ow: octanol/water partition coefficient), and these values were changed slightly with their chemical classes. Uptake of compounds into the seed coat took place rapidly; these compounds were then translocated slowly from the seed coat to the embryo, namely, radicle, abaxial surface of one cotyledon and marginal areas of both cotyledons. Application of these compounds to roots resulted in initial translocation to marginal areas of both cotyledons, with subsequent translocation to the middle area. It is believed that compounds taken up into the radicle were translocated to both cotyledons in a manner similar to that following application to roots. These effects following uptake by seeds can be used as a translaminal and lateral transport assay for bleaching herbicidal compounds in cotyledons.  相似文献   

Topography of ganglion cells in the retina of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus)     

Mohammad Lutfur RAHMAN  Masato AOYAMA  Shoei SUGITA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(3):286-292

The purpose of this study was to define ganglion cell density, size and topography in the retina of the mallard duck. After killing adult mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus), their eyes were removed using pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). The retinas were isolated, whole mount specimens were prepared by staining with 0.1% cresyl violet and then fixing the tissues for study. The retinal ganglion cells were counted, mapped and measured. The mean total number of ganglion cells was estimated at approximately 1.7 × 10⁶ and the retinal area centralis had the highest ganglion cell density with 15 820 cells/mm². The number of ganglion cell bodies was highest in the temporal area, followed by the nasal, dorsal and ventral areas. Ganglion cell size ranged from 56 to 406 μm². A population of small ganglion cells persisted into the central area just above the optic disc and the largest soma area was in the ventral zone of the retina. This localization of ganglion cells suggests that the quality of vision is not equal in all the areas of the duck retina and the central part may have the highest vision quality as a function of the retinal ganglion cells.  相似文献   

Determination of lignin,holocellulose, and organic solvent extractives in fresh leaf,litterfall, and organic material on forest floor using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kenji Ono  Masakazu Hiraide  Masahiro Amari 《Journal of Forest Research》2003,8(3):191-198

We report the results of a study regarding the near-infrared reflectance spectra of various leaf stages from fresh to senescing, and to decomposing leaf. A broad absorbance feature increased in the region of 1100–1400nm with the advance of the leaf senescence and leaf decomposition. A decrease was seen in the region over 1440nm during the senescence and decomposition process. These differences of spectra showed the changes in constituents of leaf in terms of the degree of the senescence and decomposition. A comparison of multiple linear regression between the near-infrared reflectance spectra and proximate chemical analyses showed that near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy achieved a certain level of useful accuracy. We consider that near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy has the potential to predict the contents of carbon fractions in plant materials, and that this method can replace previous methods due to faster determination of carbon fractions, and its ability to significantly increase the number of samples that can be collected and measured.  相似文献   

Soil respiration and soil CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentration in a tropical forest,Thailand     

Shoji?HashimotoEmail author  Nobuaki?Tanaka  Masakazu?Suzuki  Ayako?Inoue  Hideki?Takizawa  Izumi?Kosaka  Katsunori?Tanaka  Chatchai?Tantasirin  Nipon?Tangtham 《Journal of Forest Research》2004,9(1):75-79

Soil respiration and soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration were investigated in a tropical monsoon forest in northern Thailand, from 1998 to 2000. Soil respiration was relatively high during the rainy season and low during the dry season, although interannual fluctuations were large. Soil moisture was widely different between the dry and wet seasons, while soil temperature changed little throughout the year. As a result, the rate of soil respiration is determined predominantly by soil moisture, not by soil temperature. The roughly estimated annual soil respiration rate was 2560gCm^–2year^–1. The soil CO₂ concentration also increased in the rainy season and decreased in the dry season, and showed clearer seasonality than soil respiration did.  相似文献   

覆盖作物对土壤物理特性及旋耕作业的影响分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

辜松  刘立意  小松崎将一  森泉昭治 《农业机械学报》2005,36(5):41-44,56

覆盖作物可改善土壤持水能力,但是对土壤硬度的影响与土壤含水率有关。对覆盖作物进行耕前割倒作业可解决旋耕作业时在旋耕刀辊上产生的缠绕问题。大量作物残茬置于土壤表层会影响后续作物的播种质量和出芽率,所以对于干物质量大的覆盖作物不宜直接采用旋耕作业。  相似文献   

Variation in Amylase Activities in Radish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Raphanus sativus</Emphasis>) Cultivars     

Masakazu Hara  Fumio Ito  Tatsuo Asai  Toru Kuboi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2009,64(3):188-192

The radish (Raphanus sativus) is a root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family which shows amylolytic activity in the taproot. However, there is little information about differences in these amylolytic activities among radish cultivars. We analyzed the amylase activities and starch contents of 7 kinds of radish cultivars. The Koshin cultivar showed the highest amylase activity, with a level approximately 6 times higher than that of the Sobutori cultivar, which had the lowest. Cultivars with higher amylase activities showed higher starch contents. These results suggest that there are intraspecies variations in amylolytic activities in radishes, and positive correlations between amylase activity and starch content.  相似文献   

Survey of coccidial oocysts and parasite eggs in feces of free-ranging Grus japonensis     

Sarashina T  Uzuka Y  Tanabe S  Oku Y  Watanabe Y  Kurosawa N  Nishimura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(8):873-875

Fecal survey of Eimeria oocysts and parasite eggs was conducted for 219 fecal samples of free-ranging Grus japonensis in Kushiro district in Hokkaido in April 2003. Positive rate and mean oocysts (or eggs) per gram in positive samples were 26% (57/219) and 8.8 (0.2-136) in oocysts of Eimeria reichenowi, 18.3% (40/219) and 320 (100-1,000) in trematode eggs, 0.1% (2/219) and 0.2 (0.2-0.3) in eggs of Nematoda A, and 4.1% (9/219) and 0.8 (0.2-3.6) in eggs of Nematoda B, respectively.  相似文献