Characterization of the cathelicidin cluster in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)          下载免费PDF全文

Taichiro Ishige  Hiromi Hara  Takashi Hirano  Tomohiro Kono  Kei Hanzawa 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(9):1249-1257

The Japanese quail has several advantages as a low‐fat meat bird with high immunity against diseases. Cathelicidins (CATHs) are antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in innate immunity. The aim of this study was to characterize the CATH cluster in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The Japanese quail CATH (CjCATH) cluster, contains four CATH genes, as in the chicken. The coding sequences of CjCATHs exhibited >85.3% identity to chicken CATHs. The predicted amino acid sequences of the four CjCATH genes contained the cathelin‐like domain characteristic of CATH proteins. Polymorphisms were detected in the open reading frames (ORFs) of all CjCATH sequences. Two amino acid substitutions were observed in the antimicrobial region of the mature peptide of CjCATH2, and predicted to influence peptide function. CjCATH1 is expressed in lung, heart, bone marrow and bursa of Fabricius (BF). CjCATH2 is expressed in bone marrow. CjCATH3 is expressed in lung, heart, bone marrow, BF, tongue and duodenum. CjCATHB1 is expressed in bone marrow and BF. This study is the first to characterize CATH genes in the Japanese quail, and identifies novel antimicrobial peptide sequences belonging to the cathelicidin family, which may play a role in immunity in this species.  相似文献   

Pulmonary Injury from Waterproofing Spray During a Hike     

Tomonori Harada  Yukio Hirabayashi  Yuriko Takayama-Isagawa  Hiroto Sakamoto  Makoto Kawaishi  Hiroyuki Hara  Shin Aizawa 《The Forestry Chronicle》2017,28(4):327-331

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Species Composition,Diversity and Productivity of Homesteads in Southeastern Bangladesh     

Md. Abiar Rahman  Masakazu Tani  Kazuo Asahiro  S. M. Asik Ullah 《Small-Scale Forestry》2017,16(3):295-309

A homestead is an integrated production system where trees, crops, livestock and poultry are found in and around the household residence in Bangladesh. It is a potential production unit that provides various product, service and ecological functions. Almost all people in Bangladesh including landless households have homesteads in which they grow trees and crops even in a small piece of land. This study characterizes the species composition, diversity and productivity of the homestead production system in the Teknaf peninsula, southeastern Bangladesh. Survey data collection was from a total of 180 homesteads covering five household categories: large, medium, small, marginal and landless. Vegetable, fruit, timber, and livestock and poultry were common components in the homestead production system. Various types of plants were mainly concentrated in back yards, front yards, boundaries and corners of homesteads. The mean number of tree species per homestead was about 15. In total, 189 tree and shrub species were recorded, and were distinctly high and low in the large (363.7) and landless (55.7) household categories. Species composition, diversity and productivity of homesteads were found to be related to household categories. Richness and diversity of tree and shrub species increased with household size. Betel nut was the dominant tree species followed by mango, jackfruit and coconut. Annual income from homesteads also varied among the household categories, with a mean contribution of the homestead to annual income of about 25 %. A large portion of homestead income came from betel nut trees. There is scope to increase species diversity and income by designing homesteads with the engagement of women and other family members.  相似文献   

Interference with cell-to-cell movement of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato mosaic virus</Emphasis> by transient overexpression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis> KELP homologs from different plant species     

Nobumitsu Sasaki  Tatsuro Odawara  Masakazu Deguchi  Yasuhiko Matsushita  Hiroshi Nyunoya 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(1):69-73

The KELP protein of Arabidopsis thaliana (AtKELP), which binds to the Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) movement protein in vitro, can interfere with cell-to-cell movement of the virus under transient overexpression conditions. In this study, we constructed expression plasmids encoding a fluorescent protein fused to AtKELP or to its homolog from Brassica, Nicotiana, Solanum, or Oryza species. When expressed transiently, all the AtKELP homologs inhibited the cell-to-cell movement of ToMV with different efficiencies. The results of domain swapping between two selected AtKELP homologs suggest the importance of combination between the N- and C-terminal half regions for high inhibitory function.  相似文献   

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes VI: increase in odorous compounds of dried shiitake mushroom cultivated on bed logs     

Masakazu Hiraide  Tadakazu Nakashima  Takeshi Fujiwara 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):483-487

Odor is one of the most important characteristics affecting consumer preference for dried shiitake mushrooms [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler]. In our previous studies, we found that the odor content of commercial dried products was too weak for most people, and that the odorous compound content could be increased by adding amino acids to sawdust media. Currently, however, bed-log cultivation is used to produce fruiting bodies for dried products. The purpose of this study was to fi nd a method to increase the content of odorous compounds in dried products cultivated on bed logs. Pressure injection of amino acids from the side of the bed log was the most effi cient method, but it had some problems. Hence, a simpler and less troublesome method was developed, i.e., injecting amino acid solution from small bottles set in deep holes bored in the sides of the bed logs. In fruiting bodies cultivated on bed logs injected with amino acid solution by the improved method, the mean contents of lentinic acid, a precursor of the odorous compound lenthionine, approximately doubled compared to that in the untreated logs, although the infi ltration area of the solution injected by the improved method was smaller than that by the former method.  相似文献   

The smell and odorous components of dried shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes V: changes in lenthionine and lentinic acid contents during the drying process     

Masakazu Hiraide  Atsushi Kato  Tadakazu Nakashima 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):477-482

This study on dried shiitake mushroom [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler] focuses on the behavior of the aromatic lenthionine compound and its precursor, lentinic acid, during the drying process. Only a small amount of lenthionine was present after the drying process, regardless of the drying temperature or time; however, the amount increased during the rehydration process using pH 8.0 buffer. The lenthionine content after incubation in the buffer was correlated with the lentinic acid content in the dried shiitake mushroom. The lentinic acid content increased signifi cantly during the drying process at 40°C up to 4 h. The results show that the characteristic smell of dried shiitake mushroom was weak after drying, and that rehydration in a mild alkaline solution was necessary to increase the smell. The lentinic acid content of dried shiitake could serve as an indicator of the smell produced by rehydration and would be useful in screening to select odor-rich strains. Moderate heating likely caused the increase in lentinic acid content, which might be related to a reaction to heat.  相似文献   

Dynamics of coast redwood sprout clump development in variable light environments     

Kevin L. O’Hara  John-Pascal Berrill 《Journal of Forest Research》2010,15(2):131-139

Post-thinning stump sprout response was assessed in a coast redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.] stand from 5 to 9 years after five treatments were initiated. Nine years after treatment, leaf area index (LAI) ranged from 5.9 to 14.1 and the percent above canopy light (PACL) ranged from 0.8 to 3.9. Sprout responses included rapid self-thinning in all treatments with complete sprout mortality at low light regimes. Self-thinning of clumps increased with greater overstory LAI and poorer light regimes. Leaf area of individual sprout clumps also declined in low light regimes. The probability of sprout survival declined rapidly below 10 PACL and coincided with declining leaf area in sprout clumps. A conceptual model is presented that shows the sensitivity of redwood sprouts to light regime. Results have implications for management of multiaged stands and indicate these redwood coppice systems require relatively severe overstory treatments to provide sufficient light for sprout vigor and growth.  相似文献   

Ki-67 and minichromosome maintenance-7 (MCM7) expression in canine pituitary corticotroph adenomas     

Ishino H  Hara Y  Takekoshi S  Teshima T  Teramoto A  Osamura RY  Tagawa M 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2011,41(4):207-213

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) caused by pituitary corticotroph adenoma is a common endocrine disorder in dogs. The ratio between pituitary height and the area of the brain (P/B) has been used to evaluate the pituitary size. A P/B ratio > 0.31 indicates an enlarged pituitary, whereas a P/B ratio ≤ 0.31 indicates a nonenlarged pituitary. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of proliferation markers Ki-67 and minichromosome maintenance-7 (MCM7) in canine corticotroph adenomas in enlarged and in nonenlarged pituitaries and to evaluate their relation with the size of canine pituitary corticotroph adenomas. Ki-67 and MCM7 expression in ACTH-positive tumor cells was determined by dual-labeling immunohistochemistry in resected corticotroph adenomas from 15 dogs with PDH. The mean ± SD Ki-67 labeling index (LI) was 0.55% ± 0.59% in corticotroph adenomas with nonenlarged pituitaries and 1.6% ± 0.6% in adenomas with enlarged pituitaries. The MCM7 LI in corticotroph adenomas with nonenlarged pituitaries and in adenomas with enlarged pituitaries was 2.9% ± 2.2% and 10.9% ± 3.7%, respectively. The Ki-67 LI and MCM7 LI were significantly greater in the adenomas with enlarged pituitaries than in the adenomas with nonenlarged pituitaries (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). The MCM7 LI was significantly greater than the Ki-67 LI in adenomas (P < 0.01). The Ki-67 LI was positively correlated with the MCM7 LI (r = 0.820, P < 0.01), and the P/B ratio was positively correlated with the Ki-67 LI (r = 0.560, P = 0.03) and the MCM7 LI (r = 0.854, P < 0.01). In conclusion, canine corticotroph adenomas in enlarged pituitaries show greater proliferation potential than do adenomas in nonenlarged pituitaries. MCM7 expression was significantly greater than Ki-67 expression in canine pituitary corticotroph adenomas. Thus, MCM7 may be superior to Ki-67 as a proliferation marker in pituitary tumors.  相似文献   

Epigenetic assessment of environmental chemicals detected in maternal peripheral and cord blood samples     

Arai Y  Ohgane J  Yagi S  Ito R  Iwasaki Y  Saito K  Akutsu K  Takatori S  Ishii R  Hayashi R  Izumi S  Sugino N  Kondo F  Horie M  Nakazawa H  Makino T  Shiota K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):507-517

Epigenetic alteration is an emerging paradigm underlying the long-term effects of chemicals on gene functions. Various chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides and heavy metals, have been detected in the human fetal environment. Epigenetics by DNA methylation and histone modifications, through dynamic chromatin remodeling, is a mechanism for genome stability and gene functions. To investigate whether such environmental chemicals may cause epigenetic alterations, we studied the effects of selected chemicals on morphological changes in heterochromatin and DNA methylation status in mouse ES cells (ESCs). Twenty-five chemicals, including organophosphate insecticides, heavy metals and their metabolites, were assessed for their effect on the epigenetic status of mouse ESCs by monitoring heterochromatin stained with 4￠,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The cells were surveyed after 48 or 96 h of exposure to the chemicals at the serum concentrations of cord blood. The candidates for epigenetic mutagens were examined for the effect on DNA methylation at genic regions. Of the 25 chemicals, five chemicals (diethyl phosphate (DEP), mercury (Hg), cotinine, selenium (Se) and octachlorodipropyl ether (S-421)) caused alterations in nuclear staining, suggesting that they affected heterochromatin conditions. Hg and Se caused aberrant DNA methylation at gene loci. Furthermore, DEP at 0.1 ppb caused irreversible heterochromatin changes in ESCs, and DEP-, Hg- and S-421-exposed cells also exhibited impaired formation of the embryoid body (EB), which is an in vitro model for early embryos. We established a system for assessment of epigenetic mutagens. We identified environmental chemicals that could have effects on the human fetus epigenetic status.  相似文献   

How different or similar are nematode communities between a paddy and an upland rice fields across a flooding-drainage cycle?     

Hiroaki Okada  Shigeru Niwa  Masakazu Komatsuzaki 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2011,43(10):2142-2151

The paddy field is being recognised as a biodiversity hotspot fostering a variety of organisms. However, there are few studies on the ecology of paddy field nematodes. We characterised nematode communities in rice paddy fields by comparing them with upland fields of rice or soybean. We examined nematode communities of the top (0-15 mm) and second (15-50 mm) soil layers before flooding (March or April), during flooding (June or July) and during the draining period (October) 2007-2009. We found that the nematode community in the paddy was different than that in the upland fields during all periods. Rhabdolaimus, Tobrilus, Mesodorylaims and Monhysteridae characterised the top of the paddy and Hirschmanniella characterised the second layer of the paddy. Total nematode density was generally lower in the paddy than in the upland field. However, the density in the paddy top layer increased with time from the flooding period to the draining period, during which time it was about the same as (or even greater than) the peak density in the upland fields. The density in the second layer of the paddy remained lower than that in the top layer of the paddy throughout the time course. Community diversity values were generally greater in the paddy top layer than in the paddy second layer across the six sampling periods, but periodic differences between the paddy and upland fields or between soil layers were not significant. During the flooding period, the F/(F + B) (13-37) and Enrichment Index (17-38) values were lower in the paddy than in the upland fields (32-47, 37-74, respectively) to reflect that bacteria dominate over fungi with slow decomposition due to anaerobic conditions in the flooded paddy field. In addition, particularly in the top layer, the Maturity (2.0-2.4) and Structure Index (23-72) values were greater in the paddy than in the upland fields (1.7-2.1, 9-15, respectively), indicating a well-developed ecosystem under water. These unique nematode communities persisted during the draining period, but there was a rapid increase in opportunistic bacterivores, which increased the EI values. We suggest that bactivorous nematodes in the families Cephalobidae and Chronogasteridae, herbivores in the genus Hirschmanniella, and fungivores in the genus Filenchus may be specific to paddy field soil rather than to pond and lake sediments.  相似文献