Diversity of S-RNase genes and S-haplotypes in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)     

Kenji Beppu  Hisayo Yamane  Hideaki Yaegaki  Masami Yamaguchi  Ikuo Kataoka  Ryutaro Tao 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):658-664

Summary

This report demonstrates the diversity of S-haplotypes in Japanese plum by molecular cloning of genomic DNAs and cDNAs that encode S-RNases. Nine different DNA fragments, designated as S^a–Sⁱ, were obtained from 17 Japanese plum cultivars by PCR with an S-RNase gene-specific primer set, Pru-C2 and PCE-R. Eleven different S-haplotypes were found in these cultivars. The banding patterns obtained with another S-RNase gene-specific primer set, Pru-T2 and PCE-R, corresponded to the S-haplotypes predicted from the Pru-C2 and PCE-R primer set. Several cultivars had the same S-haplotypes. Partial genomic DNAs for eight S-RNase genes and cDNAs for two S-RNases were cloned and sequenced. Deduced amino acid sequences contained conserved regions among the rosaceous S-RNases. Comparisons of the sequences from cDNAs and genomic DNAs revealed the presence of two introns in the S-RNase genes of Japanese plum as in other Prunus S-RNase genes. Pollination incompatibility groups and self-compatibility in Japanese plum were discussed with reference to the S-haplotypes.  相似文献   

Se-haplotype confers self-compatibility in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.)     

Kenji Beppu  Noriko Komatsu  Hisayo Yamane  Hideaki Yaegaki  Masami Yamaguchi  Ryutaro Tao 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):760-764

  相似文献   

Efficient bioethanol production from water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes by both preparation of the saccharified solution and selection of fermenting yeasts     

Toshiyuki Takagi  Motoharu Uchida  Ryoji Matsushima  Masami Ishida  Naoto Urano 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(4):905-910

Although water hyacinth is an adventive aquatic plant that threatens the Japanese ecosystem, its high growth rate may be a benefit in terms of its potential as a raw material for the production of bioethanol. In our study, water hyacinth was saccharified with 3?% (v/v) sulfuric acid and subjected to cellulase treatments to determine optimum bioethanol production conditions. The original saccharified solution yielded both glucose at 5.3?±?0.2?g/l and reducing sugars at 9.7?±?0.1?g/l. Concentration of the saccharified solution under vacuum at 70?°C yielded both glucose at 21.5?±?2.9?g/l and reducing sugars at 33.3?±?2.1?g/l. An aquatic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae TY2 produced ethanol at 9.6?±?1.1?g/l from the concentrated saccharified solution. In comparison, Ogawa et al. (Afr J Microbiol Res 2:110?C113, 2008) reported that this yeast produced 0.90?g/l and that the production of bioethanol was about 11.2-fold lower than that obtained in our study. These results suggest that refinement of the saccharification process and application of the selected yeast could improve the efficiency of obtaining bioethanol from the water hyacinth.  相似文献   

Purification and enzymatic properties of a neutral metalloprotease produced from the cold-adapted <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio</Emphasis> species Pr21 isolated from deep seawater in Sagami Bay     

Masami Ishida  Chie Yoshida-Mishima  Yosuke Maeda  Masashi Yamamoto  Ryo Tsuda  Haruto Ishii  Naoto Urano  Hiroshi Kabasawa 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(4):675-683

  相似文献   

Genetic characterization of the endangered Kiso horse using 31 microsatellite DNAs     

Takasu M  Hiramatsu N  Tozaki T  Kakoi H  Nakagawa T  Hasegawa T  Huricha  Maeda M  Murase T  Mukoyama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(2):161-166

In order to contribute to conservation of the endangered Kiso horse, we clarified their genetic information using 31 microsatellite DNAs, and genotyped 125 horses, 83% of the existing breed. First, we clarified the current status of the horses. The horses were confirmed to have experienced rapid loss of population causing a bottleneck, and their effective population size was much smaller than their census size. Moreover, the number of alleles (6.3), observed heterozygosity (0.674), and expected heterozygosity (0.662) were in the same range as other endangered horses all over the world. Therefore, although their inbreeding level was not so severe (F(is): -0.017), the Kiso horse is surely one of the endangered. Second, we obtained genetic information of individuals. This information allowed us to understand the genetic distance of individuals, and might help in development of a reproductive strategy concerning the genetic distance between the mating pairs. Moreover, there appeared to be 4 subpopulations of Kiso horse, and this result was in good agreement with their historical background. Third, we confirmed that the parentage test for identification using the 31 microsatellite DNAs was highly reliable (probability of exclusion: 0.999999993). This identification increases the reliability of stud certification, and is also helpful for effective management. Understanding the genetic diversity within the population and the relationships among individuals is important to ensuring effective management for maintenance of genetic variation, and this study may help in conservation of the endangered Kiso horse.  相似文献   

基于遗传算法(GA)解甘蔗收割顺序最优化问题的研究     

孙丽娅  上野正实  大岭政朗 《中国生态农业学报》2009,17(6):1273-1277

本研究以已建立的栽培方法、收割时期预测甘蔗单产和含糖量的数学模型为基础,提出将寻求最佳收割顺序、收割期归结为最优化组合问题,并探讨了遗传算法(GA)的解题适用性,同时进行了几种基本设定的栽培方法推移、栽培方法构成项量、行列式特性的定性分析,为求最佳的甘蔗收割顺序、收割期、不同栽培方法的面积等提供解析方法.为不使栽培方法的构成比例发生变化,与通常GA算法采用交叉在不同个体问互相交替进行不同,开发了适用本研究的GA的自己交叉具体解析法.将收割第1年期作为过渡状态,第2年期为安定状态,将两期目的函数的合并作为一个适应度进行评价.  相似文献   

Application of the coastal ecosystem complex concept toward integrated management for sustainable coastal fisheries under oligotrophication     

Masakazu Hori  Hideki Hamaoka  Masahito Hirota  Franck Lagarde  Sandrine Vaz  Masami Hamaguchi  Juri Hori  Mitsutaku Makino 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(2):283-292

Harmonizing coastal fisheries with water-quality improvement has become an essential factor for the sustainable use of coastal ecosystem services. Here, we present the scope of our study based on an interdisciplinary approach including ecological actions, socio-economic actions and socio-psychological actions. We chose to focus on the interaction between oyster aquaculture and seagrass vegetation as a typical ecological action using the coastal ecosystem complex (CEC) concept. Coastal organisms have adapted their traits to the environment over a long period of time, so that restoration of the CEC represents reconstruction of the original process of coastal production. Subtidal seagrass vegetation with intertidal oyster reefs is the original CEC in Japan, which would be expected to enhance coastal production by improving the production efficiency without adding nutrients. A simple field experiment examining carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotope ratios revealed that oyster spats cultivated on a tidal flat adjacent to seagrass beds had higher nitrogen contents and higher δ¹³C ratios than spats cultivated in an offshore area using only pelagic production. This result suggests that utilization of the CEC, which enables oysters to use both pelagic and benthic production, has potential to sustain a food provisioning service for humans, even in oligotrophic conditions.  相似文献   

Aluminum solubility of strongly acidified allophanic Andosols from Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Tadashi TAKAHASHI  Ayako MITAMURA  Toyoaki ITO  Kiyoshi ITO  Masami NANZYO  Masahiko SAIGUSA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(3):362-368

  相似文献   

Angiotensin converting enzyme and chymase activity in the feline heart and serum     

Aramaki Y  Uechi M  Takase K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(10):1115-1118

The feline cardiac and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and chymase activities were determined and compared in dogs, and hamsters. In all three species, cardiac chymase activity exceeded ACE activity; however, there were some differences. In cats, left ventricular ACE and chymase activities (0.15 +/- 0.01 and 0.59 +/- 0.1 mU/mg-protein, respectively) were lower than in dogs (0.42 +/- 0.05: p<0.01 and 2.0 +/- 0.4 mU/mg-protein: p<0.01) and hamsters (0.93 +/- 0.06: p<0.001 and 2.1 +/- 0.2 mU/mg-protein: p<0.01); in contrast, serum ACE activities was higher in cats (12.7 +/- 1.0 mU/ml) than in dogs (5.9 +/- 0.6 mU/ml: p<0.001). The relative contribution of chymase (cats: 84.0 +/- 5.1%, dogs: 81.4 +/- 3.4%, and hamsters: 72.6 +/- 5.6 %) to ANG-II formation in the heart was greater than that of ACE in these animals (cats: 10.9 +/- 4.1%, dogs: 11.5 +/- 3.6%, and hamsters: 17.2 +/- 0.8%). These species-specific differences suggest that the efficacy of renin-angiotensin system modulating agents may differ among species.  相似文献   

Response of transgenic cucumber expressing a rice class I chitinase gene to two fungal pathogens with different infectivities     

Kyutaro?Kishimoto  Masami?Nakajima  Yoko?Nishizawa  Yutaka?Tabei  Tadaaki?Hibi  Katsumi?AkutsuEmail author 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(6):358-363

A transgenic cucumber line (CR32) over-expressing the rice class I chitinase gene exhibited resistance to Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica) but not to Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum). The infection behavior of these fungi on CR32 and nontransgenic plants was examined with an optical microscope. In zoosporangia of P. nicotianae var. parasitica, the rates of germination and penetration on leaves of both CR32 and nontransgenic plants were almost equal. After infection, however, the growth of infection hyphae was markedly suppressed in CR32 compared with their growth in the nontransgenic plants. In F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, the infection hyphae localized in petiole vessels of both CR32 and nontransgenic plants, and growth did not differ in the two plants. We investigated the antifungal activity of a high-molecular-weight fraction (HF) and a low-molecular-weight fraction (LF) of crude leaf extracts from CR32 and from the nontransgenic line. CR32 HF, which included the rice chitinase, had antifungal activity only against F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. In contrast, CR32 LF, which did not have the rice chitinase, had strong antifungal activity against the two fungi. These results suggested that a low-molecular-weight antifungal substance(s) was induced in CR32 and might function as a factor of resistance to P. nicotianae var. parasitica, which has cell walls that almost never contain chitin. Because rice chitinase has already been demonstrated not to localize in vessels of CR32, the infection localization of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum in vessels might enable the fungus to avoid antifungal substance(s), resulting in Fusarium wilt in transgenic cucumber.  相似文献