In Vitro Starch Digestibility and Expected Glycemic Index of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) as Affected by Starch–Protein–Lipid Interactions     

George Amponsah Annor  Massimo Marcone  Eric Bertoft  Koushik Seetharaman 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(3):211-217

The effect of starch–protein–lipid interaction on the in vitro starch digestibility and expected glycemic index (eGI) of kodo millet flour (MF) was investigated. Debranned MF and the flour with lipid removed, protein removed, or both lipid and protein removed (MF‐L‐P) were subjected to digestion assays. The in vitro starch digestibility and eGI of the millet samples and millet starch were compared with rice or wheat flour. Rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and resistant starch (RS) of the samples were also calculated. Protease treatment and defatting resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.05) in protein and lipid contents of samples. Significant increases in the in vitro starch digestibility and eGI of samples were observed after removal of protein, lipid, or both. The effect of lipid removal on in vitro starch digestibility of kodo millet was found to be more significant, compared with when proteins were removed. The eGI increased from 49.4 for cooked MF to 62.5 for MF‐L‐P. The eGI of cooked kodo millet starch was significantly lower than that of cooked rice flour. The RS (1.61%) of cooked rice was the least among the samples. The in vitro starch digestibility and eGI of rice were significantly higher than those of MF. Processes applied to kodo millet, such as decortication, that result in the removal of proteins, lipids, or both (especially lipids) would result in an increase in its in vitro starch digestibility and eGI. We therefore advocate for the development of acceptable products from whole millets to maintain its hypoglycemic property.  相似文献   

Effect of pruning-derived biochar on heavy metals removal and water dynamics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Antonio G. Caporale  Massimo Pigna  Alessia Sommella  Pellegrino Conte 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(8):1211-1222

Biomass-derived biochar is considered as a promising heavy metal adsorbent, due to abundance of polar functional groups, such as carboxylic, hydroxyl, and amino groups, which are available for heavy metal removal. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of an orchard pruning-derived biochar in removing some heavy metals (through the evaluation of isotherms) and to study water dynamics at the solid-liquid interface as affected by heavy metal adsorption (through an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry approach). Both isotherms and NMR spectra revealed that Pb and Cr showed a good affinity for the biochar surface (Pb > Cr), while Cu was less affine. Accordingly, higher amounts of Pb and Cr were adsorbed by biochar as compared to those of Cu in the single systems. In binary systems (i.e., when two metals were applied simultaneously), Pb showed the highest inhibition of the adsorption of the other two metals, whereas the opposite was evidenced when Cu was used; the competitive adsorption was also strongly influenced by the metal residence time on biochar surface. In ternary systems (i.e., when all metals were applied simultaneously), even in the presence of high amounts of Pb and Cr, considerable adsorption of Cu occurred, indicating that some biochar adsorption sites were highly specific for a single metal.  相似文献   

Metabolic profiling and analysis of volatile composition of durum wheat semolina and pasta     

Romina Beleggia  Cristiano Platani  Giuseppe Spano  Massimo Monteleone  Luigi Cattivelli 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009

Although pasta is generally not considered for its aromatic properties, some evidence proves that cereal flours release volatile compounds and they might have an effect on the aroma of the transformed products. This work reports on the characterization of the volatile components of semolina and pasta obtained from four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum Desf., cvs. PR22D89, Creso, Cappelli, Trinakria). Semolina samples were characterized through polar metabolite profiling and fatty acid analysis to identify potential precursors of the volatile components. The results show significant differences among the samples tested with cv. Trinakria characterized by the highest content of sugars and fatty acids. Volatile composition was investigated both in semolina and in cooked pasta using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and identified by GC–MS. Thirty-five volatile compounds including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, terpenes, esters, hydrocarbons and a furan were identified. Significant differences were observed between semolina and pasta samples in terms of composition and amount of the volatile compounds. During cooking an increase in aldehyde content, the appearance of ketones and a decrease in alcohol content were observed. Correlations between metabolites and volatiles demonstrate that the flavour of cooked pasta may differ significantly depending on the durum wheat cultivar employed.  相似文献   

Effect of plant density on toxigenic fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels     

Massimo Blandino  Amedeo ReyneriFrancesca Vanara 《Field Crops Research》2008

Field experiments were set up from 2001 to 2004 in North West Italy to determine the effects of plant density on the susceptibility of medium and medium-late maturity maize hybrids to ear rot and to mycotoxin contamination in natural infection conditions. The ears were rated for the incidence and severity of disease symptoms at harvest and the harvested kernels were analysed for mycotoxin fumonisin B₁, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B₁ and ochratoxin A.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the membrane approach to solid-phase extractions of pesticide residues in drinking water     

Letizia M. Davi  Massimo Baldi  Luciano Penazzi  Michelina Liboni 《Pest management science》1992,35(1):63-67

The purpose of this work was to compare the method and analytical results obtained by liquid/liquid extraction with those of solid-phase extraction, in particular with the use of an Empore disc, in the investigation of pesticide residues in drinking water.  相似文献   

Lipid profiles of canine spermatozoa as revealed via matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry          下载免费PDF全文

LT Braga Jr.  NRS Bravo  KRA Belaz  D Zampieri  MN Eberlin  VA Conforti 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(6):1055-1058

In this study, we investigated the ability of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) to characterize the lipid contents of canine spermatozoa. For that, samples of pure semen were analysed. Indeed, quite comprehensive lipid coverage was observed, and the most abundant phospholipid ions detected were from four phosphatidylcholines, that is those of m/z 760.6; 782.6; 808.6; and 830.6 and one of m/z 725.6 from a sphingomyelin. In conclusion, MALDI‐MS was found to offer an easy, fast, accurate, and sensitive analytical method for lipid profiling in canine spermatozoa and could be used as a tool to select sires by assessing the relationship between sperm lipid profiles and variables such as age and breeding history as well as to study the effects of cryopreservation on lipid contents.  相似文献   

Contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vs. contrast-enhanced spin echo T1-weighted brain imaging     

Cristian Falzone  Federica Rossi  Maurizio Calistri  Massimo Tranquillo  Massimo Baroni 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(4):333-338

In humans, contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging plays an important role in detecting brain disease. The aim of this study was to define the clinical utility of contrast-enhanced FLAIR imaging by comparing the results with those with contrast-enhanced spin echo T1-weighted images (SE T1WI) in animals with different brain disorders. Forty-one dogs and five cats with a clinical suspicion of brain disease and 30 normal animals (25 dogs and five cats) were evaluated using a 0.2 T permanent magnet. Before contrast medium injection, spin echo T1-weighted, SE T1WI, and FLAIR sequences were acquired in three planes. SE T1WI and FLAIR images were also acquired after gadolinium injection. Sensitivity in detecting the number, location, margin, and enhancement pattern and rate were evaluated. No lesions were found in a normal animal. In affected animals, 48 lesions in 34 patients were detected in contrast-enhanced SE T1WI whereas 81 lesions in 44 patients were detected in contrast-enhanced FLAIR images. There was no difference in the characteristics of the margins or enhancement pattern of the detected lesions. The objective enhancement rate, the mean value between lesion-to-white matter ratio and lesion-to-gray matter ratio, although representing an overlap of T1 and T2 effects and not pure contrast medium shortening of T1 relaxation, was better in contrast-enhanced FLAIR images. These results suggest a superiority of contrast-enhanced FLAIR images as compared with contrast-enhanced SE T1WI in detecting enhancing brain lesions.  相似文献   

Effect of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium sp. on in vitro grapevine plants     

Alessandro Zanzotto  Massimo Gardiman  Lorenzo Lovat 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008,116(4):404-408

Artificial inoculation with fungal species involved in the Petri disease was performed on in vitro grapevine shoots. After 2 months, plantlets were observed and the presence of any leaf chlorosis or necrosis, considered as symptoms of the disease, were recorded. The fungal inoculation caused an increase in the number of symptomatic in vitro plants and in the incidence of external symptoms. Recovery of the fungal species was obtained after incubation of excised tissue fragments from the inoculated in vitro plants while some fertile fragments were collected also from plants without external symptoms. Higher levels of symptoms were observed in the rootstock varieties inoculated with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora while the lowest incidence was observed in the Aglianico cultivar. The possibility to correlate the visual assessment of in vitro plants with the data obtained by the analysis of digital images was confirmed.  相似文献   

Sero-prevalence of chlamydiosis in cattle and selected wildlife species at a wildlife/livestock interface area of Zimbabwe     

Ndengu  Masimba  Matope  Gift  Tivapasi  Musavengana  Scacchia  Massimo  Bonfini  Barbara  Pfukenyi  Davis Mubika  de Garine-Wichatitsky  Michel 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(5):1107-1117

Tropical Animal Health and Production - A study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in cattle and some selected wildlife...  相似文献   

High dose hypofractionated frameless volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy is a feasible method for treating canine trigeminal nerve sheath tumors          下载免费PDF全文

Mario Dolera  Luca Malfassi  Silvia Marcarini  Giovanni Mazza  Nancy Carrara  Simone Pavesi  Massimo Sala  Sara Finesso  Gaetano Urso 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2018,59(5):624-631

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