Spurious hypercreatininemia: 28 neonatal foals (2000–2008)     

Kristin P. Chaney DVM  DACVIM  DACVECC  Susan J. Holcombe VMD  MS  PhD  DACVS  DACVECC  Harold C. Schott II DVM  PhD  DACVIM  Bonnie S. Barr DVM  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(2):244-249

Objectives – To (1) determine the occurrence of spurious hypercreatininemia in a population of hospitalized foals <2 days old, (2) assess the resolution of the hypercreatininemia, and (3) determine its association with survival in these foals. Design – Retrospective case series. Setting – 2 Referral hospitals. Animals – Foals <2 days old with an admission creatinine >442 μmol/L (>5.0 mg/dL) from 2 referral hospitals. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – The medical records of 33 foals were reviewed. Twenty‐eight had spurious hypercreatininemia and 5 had acute renal failure. Admission creatinine was not significantly different between the 2 groups (mean [standard deviation]). The creatinine was 1,202 μmol/L (663 μmol/L) (13.6 mg/dL [7.5 mg/dL]) versus 1,185 μmol/L (787 μmol/L) (13.4 mg/dL [8.9 mg/d]) (P=0.96) in each group, respectively, though BUN at the time of hospital admission was significantly higher for acute renal failure foals (P=0.009). In the spurious group, serum creatinine at admission decreased to 504 μmol/L (380 μmol/L) (5.7 mg/dL [4.3 mg/dL]) by 24 hours, and to 159 μmol/L (80 μmol/L) (1.8 mg/dL [0.9 mg/dL]) at 48 hours, and to 115 μmol/L (44 μmol/L) (1.3 mg/dL [0.5 mg/dL]) at 72 hours. Twenty‐three of 28 foals with spurious hypercreatininemia survived to hospital discharge and there was no difference in mean admission creatinine between survivors (1176 μmol/L [628 μmol/L]) (13.3 mg/dL [7.1 mg/dL]) and nonsurvivors (1308 μmol/L [857 μmol/L]) (14.8 mg/dL [9.7 mg/dL]) (P=0.67). Twenty of 28 foals had clinical signs suggestive of neonatal encephalopathy. Conclusion – Creatinine decreased by >50% within the initial 24 hours of standard neonatal therapy and was within the reference interval in all but 1 foal within 72 hours of hospitalization. The diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy was common in these foals.  相似文献   

Measurements of microvascular perfusion in healthy anesthetized dogs using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging     

Deborah C. Silverstein DVM  DACVECC  Antonio Pruett‐Saratan II  Kenneth J. Drobatz DVM  MSCE  DACVECC  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2010,20(3):283-283

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Transferring Atlantic maritime pine improved material to a region with marked Mediterranean influence in inland NW Spain: a likelihood-based approach on spatially adjusted field data     

Raúl de la Mata  Rafael Zas 《European Journal of Forest Research》2010,129(4):645-658

The inland region of Galicia (NW Spain) marks the boundary between the Atlantic climate of the coastal area and the typical Mediterranean climate of central Spain. Compared to the Atlantic coast, climate in this area has a pronounced summer drought, lower annual precipitation, and higher annual thermal oscillation. Despite the high productivity and ecological importance of maritime pine in inland Galicia, local forest reproductive material (FRM) of high genetic quality is not available for this area. Seed sources originating elsewhere and of unknown adaptation to this area are commonly used for reforestation. With the aim of finding new sources of FRM for this region and exploiting the genetic gains of existing breeding programmes, we analysed the performance in field conditions of improved families of the Coastal Galicia (CG) and Western Australia (WA) breeding programmes. Growth, stem characteristics and branch habit were evaluated in five progeny trials established following a coastal-to-inland gradient. Likelihood-based analyses were used to estimate genetic correlations between environments and to test statistically for causes and patterns of genotype × environment interaction. Because of the strong non-random spatial structures and heterogeneity of residual variances, the analyses were carried out using heterogeneous residual variance mixed models on spatially adjusted data. The results indicated that there is not sufficient evidence to subdivide Galicia into the two current deployment areas. Interaction patterns do not reveal significant differences between zones, and crossover interactions for height growth are present both between and within areas. On the inland sites, the Atlantic improved materials clearly outperformed unimproved seedlots tested in adjacent provenance trials, suggesting the feasibility of using both the CG and WA breeding materials as sources of FRM for reforestation in inland Galicia. Of the two, the WA material showed excellent results for all traits. The inclusion of this material into the Galician maritime pine breeding population should be strongly considered.  相似文献   

Performance consistency of reduced atrazine use in sweet corn   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Martin M. Williams II  Rick A. BoydstonR. Ed Peachey  Darren Robinson 《Field Crops Research》2011,121(1):96-104

Atrazine is the most widely used herbicide in North American corn production; however, additional restrictions on its use in the near future are conceivable. Currently, a majority of commercial sweet corn fields suffer losses due to weeds, despite widespread use of atrazine. Field experiments were conducted in the primary North American production areas of sweet corn grown for processing to determine the implications of further reductions in atrazine use on weed control and crop yield. A range of atrazine doses (0-1120 g ha⁻¹) applied postemergence with tembotrione (31 g ha⁻¹) were tested in two hybrids differing in canopy architecture and competitive ability with weeds. Atrazine applied postemergence reduced risk (i.e. more variable outcomes) of poor herbicide performance. Atrazine doses up to 1120 g ha⁻¹ with tembotrione improved grass control and broadleaf weed control in five of eight and seven of eight environments, respectively. Of the three environments which had particularly low broadleaf weed control (<50%) with tembotrione alone, sweet corn yield was improved with atrazine. Hybrid ‘Code128’ produced a taller, denser canopy which was more efficient at capturing light and competing with weeds than ‘Quickie’. As a result, greater crop competitiveness decreased risk of incomplete weed control as atrazine dose was reduced. Atrazine's contribution to weed control and yield protection was greatest when other aspects of weed management resulted in poor weed control. Should atrazine use be further restricted or banned altogether, this research demonstrates the importance of improving other aspects of weed management systems such as herbicidal and non-chemical tactics.  相似文献   

Breeding selection efficiency for raspberry postharvest shelf life affected by storage temperature and harvest season     

Julia M. Harshman  Kim S. Lewers  Wayne M. Jurick II  Christopher S. Walsh 《Euphytica》2014,199(3):283-292

Improved postharvest quality is an important goal for fresh-market raspberry breeding programs. To determine if warm or cold storage following harvest would better facilitate the breeding selection process for the assessment of postharvest decay and juice leakage, pesticide-free fruit from cultivars and breeding selections of red, yellow, purple, and black raspberries were stored at two temperatures. Following storage fruits were examined for decay and juice leakage rate at room-temperature (25 °C) and at a cooler temperature (5 °C). The rate of decay was much faster in room-temperature storage than in cooler storage; however, classification of genotypes as parents or discards was not always in agreement between these two temperatures. This suggests that a breeder should determine whether room-temperature storage or cooler storage more closely resembles the postharvest environment for the targeted growers. For many leakage rate comparisons, there was no advantage from either storage temperature. However, when an advantage was evident, cold storage evaluation identified a greater number of classes comparing black raspberry and purple raspberry genotypes, but warm storage evaluation identified a greater number of classes comparing red and yellow raspberry genotypes. There was complete agreement on genotype breeding disposition, indicating that a breeder could evaluate genotypes for leakage in the same storage temperature chosen to evaluate decay. Selection decisions made from evaluating floricane fruit were not always in agreement with decisions made from evaluating primocane fruit, indicating that genotypes should be evaluated in both fruiting seasons.  相似文献   

Elephant grass, sugarcane, and rice bran in diets for confined sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Darley Oliveira Cutrim  Kaliandra Souza Alves  Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira  Rozilda da Concei??o dos Santos  Vanessa Jaqueline Veloso da Mata  Danilo Moreira do Carmo  Daiany íris Gomes  Rafael Mezzomo  Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1855-1863

We aimed to evaluate the effects of diets, based on elephant grass or sugarcane as roughage and corn meal or rice bran as energy concentrate, on performance and body composition in terms of diet intake and digestibility. A total of 30 Santa Ines crossbreds (SIC), castrated male sheep with 19.8?±?2.0?kg initial body weight (BW) were used. Six animals were slaughtered at the onset of the experiment to estimate the initial body composition for the other animals. The remaining 24 animals were distributed in a completely randomized 2?×?2 factorial design, with four treatments (two roughages and two concentrates) and six replicates. The sheep were slaughtered when they reached 30.0?kg BW. Elephant grass diets provided higher intake and digestibility than sugarcane diets for the following contents: dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre, minerals, total carbohydrates (TC), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Among the concentrates, corn meal diets were associated with higher intakes than rice bran diets for the following contents: DM, OM, CP, TC, and TDN. Animals from all of the treatments exhibited low average daily weight gain and low protein and high fat and energy body levels. Sugarcane and rice bran can be used as ingredients in diets for sheep with low weight gain potential. Regardless of roughage or concentrate types used in diets for confined SIC sheep, performance and body composition remained unaltered.  相似文献   

Effects of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate on hematological values in normal horses     

L.L. Southwood  H.C. Schott II  D. Wunn  S.A. Hopper  W.M. Bayly   《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1999,19(4):266

In several horses referred for evaluation of colic, we observed marked leukopenia (attributable to neutrophil counts <2,000/μl) which was inconsistent with the mild nature of abdominal pain, absence of fever, or lack of signs of endotoxemia. In all cases, large bowel impaction has been diagnosed via rectal palpation prior to admission and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS) had been one of the medications administered. To investigate the hypothesis that DSS administration may lead to bowel irritation, margination of neutrophils, and development of leukopenia (neutropenia), the effects of DSS administration (20 mg/kg via a nasogastric tube) on clinical and hematologic values were studied in eight clinically normal horses. No changes were detected in any of the clinical values assessed in these horses and neither leukopenia nor neutropenia was observed following DSS administration. A trend for plasma total protein concentration to increase four hours after DSS administration (in comparison to control data) suggested that DSS may enhance secretion of fluid into the bowel in treated horses. In conclusion, the results did not support the hypothesis that the leukopenia observed in horses with colic could be attributed to DSS administration. Whether DSS has more significant effects in horses with altered bowel motility and mucosal integrity during colic episodes is not known.  相似文献   

Accuracy of open magnetic resonance imaging for guiding injection of the equine deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof          下载免费PDF全文

Lauren M. Groom  Nathaniel A. White II  M. Norris Adams  Jennifer G. Barrett 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(6):671-678

Lesions of the distal deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) are frequently diagnosed using MRI in horses with foot pain. Intralesional injection of biologic therapeutics shows promise in tendon healing; however, accurate injection of distal deep digital flexor tendon lesions within the hoof is difficult. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate accuracy of a technique for injection of the deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof using MRI‐guidance, which could be performed in standing patients. We hypothesized that injection of the distal deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof could be accurately guided using open low‐field MRI to target either the lateral or medial lobe at a specific location. Ten cadaver limbs were positioned in an open, low‐field MRI unit. Each distal deep digital flexor tendon lobe was assigned to have a proximal (adjacent to the proximal aspect of the navicular bursa) or distal (adjacent to the navicular bone) injection. A titanium needle was inserted into each tendon lobe, guided by T1‐weighted transverse images acquired simultaneously during injection. Colored dye was injected as a marker and postinjection MRI and gross sections were assessed. The success of injection as evaluated on gross section was 85% (70% proximal, 100% distal). The success of injection as evaluated by MRI was 65% (60% proximal, 70% distal). There was no significant difference between the success of injecting the medial versus lateral lobe. The major limitation of this study was the use of cadaver limbs with normal tendons. The authors conclude that injection of the distal deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof is possible using MRI guidance.  相似文献   

Tillage effects on soil hydraulic properties in space and time: State of the science   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mark W. Strudley  Timothy R. Green  James C. Ascough II 《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,99(1):4-48

Soil tillage practices can affect soil hydraulic properties and processes dynamically in space and time with consequent and coupled effects on chemical movement and plant growth. This literature review addresses the quantitative effects of soil tillage and associated management (e.g., crop residues) on the temporal and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. Our review includes incidental management effects, such as soil compaction, and natural sources of variability, such as topography. Despite limited research on space–time predictions, many studies have addressed management effects on soil hydraulic properties and processes relevant to improved understanding of the sources of variability and their interactions in space and time. Whether examined explicitly or implicitly, the literature includes studies of interactions between treatments, such as tillage and residue management. No-tillage (NT) treatments have been compared with various tillage practices under a range of conditions with mixed results. The trend, if any, is for NT to increase macropore connectivity while generating inconsistent responses in total porosity and soil bulk density compared with conventional tillage practices. This corresponds to a general increase in ponded or near-zero tension infiltration rates and saturated hydraulic conductivities. Similarly, controlled equipment traffic may have significant effects on soil compaction and related hydraulic properties on some soils, but on others, landscape and temporal variability overwhelm wheel-track effects. Spatial and temporal variability often overshadows specific management effects, and several authors have recognized this in their analyses and interpretations. Differences in temporal variability depend on spatial locations between rows, within fields at different landscape positions, and between sites with different climates and dominant soil types. Most tillage practices have pronounced effects on soil hydraulic properties immediately following tillage application, but these effects can diminish rapidly. Long-term effects on the order of a decade or more can appear less pronounced and are sometimes impossible to distinguish from natural and unaccounted management-induced variability. New standards for experimental classification are essential for isolating and subsequently generalizing space–time responses. Accordingly, enhanced methods of field measurement and data collection combined with explicit spatio-temporal modeling and parameter estimation should provide quantitative predictions of soil hydraulic behavior due to tillage and related agricultural management.  相似文献   

中国柞蚕微粒子病病原研究续报   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

丁杰  问锦曾 《蚕业科学》1994,20(3):161-165

对辽宁柞蚕的第３、４种微孢子虫的光镜和电镜观察以及寄生习性的研究结果确定：其一为链孢变形孢虫新种，另一为讷卡变形孢虫，后者在柞蚕上尚属首次发现。  相似文献