Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates in faecal samples of broilers     

Daniela Costa  Laura Vinu  Patricia Poeta  Ana Cludia Coelho  Manuela Matos  Yolanda Senz  Sergio Somalo  Myriam Zarazaga  Jorge Rodrigues  Carmen Torres 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(3-4):339-344

Seventy-six faecal samples were obtained from broilers at slaughterhouse level in Portugal. Samples were inoculated on cefotaxime-supplemented Levine agar plates. Cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from 32 samples (42.1%), obtaining a total of 34 E. coli isolates (one or two isolates per sample). Susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was studied by disk diffusion method, and 85% of the isolates presented a phenotype of multi-resistance that included antimicrobial agents of at least four different families. Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases (ESBL) of the TEM and CTX-M groups were detected in 31 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates. Twenty-six isolates harboured the bla_TEM-52 gene and two of them also harboured bla_TEM-1b. The bla_CTX-M-14 gene was identified in three isolates (in association with bla_TEM-1b in one of them), and bla_CTX-M-32 was demonstrated in two additional isolates. Three of the 34 cefotaxime-resistant isolates (9%) did not produce ESBLs, and two of them presented mutations at positions −42 (C → T), −18 (G → A), −1 (C → T), and +58(C → T) of the promoter/attenuator region of ampC gene. tet(A) and/or tet(B) genes were detected in all 34 tetracycline-resistant isolates, aadA in all 26 streptomycin-resistant isolates; cmlA in 3 of 6 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates, and aac(3)-II or aac(3)-I + aac(3)-IV genes in all 4 gentamicin-resistant isolates. Different combinations of sul1, sul2 and sul3 genes were demonstrated among the 22 trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates. Amino acid changes in GyrA and ParC proteins were identified in all 18 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. The results of this study indicate that the intestinal tract of healthy poultry is a reservoir of ESBL-positive E. coli isolates.  相似文献   

Interaction between ascorbic acid and follicle-stimulating hormone maintains follicular viability after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles     

R. Rossetto  I.B. Lima-Verde  M.H.T. Matos  M.V.A. Saraiva  F.S. Martins  L.R. Faustino  V.R. Araújo  C.M.G. Silva  K.P.O. Name  S.N. Báo SN  C.C. Campello  J.R. Figueiredo  H. Blume 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2009

This study evaluates the effects of ascorbic acid and its interaction with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the morphology, activation, and in vitro growth of caprine preantral follicles. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d in minimum essential medium (MEM) containing ascorbic acid (50 or 100 μg/mL), FSH (50 ng/mL), or both of these substances. Ovarian tissue that was either fresh (control) or cultured for 1, 7, or 14 d was processed for histological and ultrastructural evaluation. The results showed that after 14 d of culture, medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid alone or combined with FSH showed higher rates of follicular survival compared with MEM. After 7 d of culture, FSH, ascorbic acid at 50 μg/mL with or without FSH, and ascorbic acid at 100 μg/mL increased the percentage of follicular activation compared to fresh control. In addition, FSH alone significantly increased the percentage of growing follicles after 14 d. The combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH promoted a significant increase in oocyte and follicular diameter after 7 d of culture. Ultrastructural and fluorescent analysis confirmed the integrity of follicles cultured with 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH after 14 d. In conclusion, the combination of 50 μg/mL of ascorbic acid and FSH maintained follicular integrity and promoted follicular activation and growth after long-term in vitro culture of caprine preantral follicles.  相似文献   

Third‐compartment cannulation in alpacas using a polyurethane gastrostomy tube     

GW Smith  MP Gerard  NB Campbell  DM Foster  SM Smith  JL Davis 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(12):487-491

Objective To develop a simple and effective surgical technique for third‐compartment cannulation in alpacas. Design Prospective study using six adult male alpacas. Methods General anaesthesia was induced and a polyurethane gastrostomy tube was surgically implanted into the distal portion of the third compartment. Results Three of the alpacas retained their cannulas for a 100‐day period; however, three cannulas were dislodged during the study. Two of the three dislodged cannulas were replaced during a second surgical procedure. Cannulas were well tolerated by the alpacas and all animals remained clinically healthy during the study period. Third compartment contents did not leak from the cannulation site. The tubes were manually removed following the completion of the study and the small defect in the body wall quickly healed over in all animals. Conclusion Surgical placement of polyurethane tubes designed for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a useful method of cannulating the third compartment in camelids. This technique can be used for experimental studies and possibly could be used for nutritional support and fluid therapy in sick camelids that might need long‐term care.  相似文献   

Species composition and geographic distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in a temperate and in a subtropical region of south-east Africa     

Horak IG  Nyangiwe N  De Matos C  Neves L 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2009,76(3):263-276

The species and distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in the eastern region of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa and Maputo Province, Mozambique were determined from collections made from these animals at 72 localities in the former region and 30 in the latter. Eleven ixodid and one argasid species were recovered in the Eastern Cape Province and 15 ixodid species in Maputo Province. The most common ticks infesting cattle and goats in both provinces were Amblyomma hebraeum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. The dominant species on dogs were Haemaphysalis elliptica and Rhipicephalus simus. The geographic distributions of the major species and some of the minor species in both regions were plotted. The partial or complete displacement of the indigenous tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus by the introduced species R. (B.) microplus was a major feature of both surveys.  相似文献   

Molecular mechanism of Chinese medicine formula (Bushen Bugu Tang) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis     

TENG Xiao-ying  WANG Lian-tang  Huang L  Kumta SM 《园艺学报》2004,20(11):2005-2010

AIM: To study the molecular mechanism of Chinese medicine formula Bushen Bugu Tang (BSBGT) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). METHODS: Forty female SD rats were divided into four groups: the sham group, OVX group, estrogen treatment group and BSBGT treatment group, ten for each, difference operation and treatment were given. Subsequently, bone mineral density (BMD), bone histomorphometric changes and collagen type I expression in the femur of these rats were examined. In order to position the target of the formula acting on bone, the effect of BSBGT on regulation of mRNA levels of RANKL and OPG, two key factors for regulating osteoclastogenesis, by using rat calvarial-derived stromal cell cultrues, was elucidated. RESULTS: The BSBGT formula was found as effective as estrogen in preventing the reduction of BMD, the trabecular area and trabecular numbers in femora and also the decrease in collagen type I expression following ovariectomy. RT-PCR resulted showed that both estrogen and BSBGT significantly up-regulated OPG mRNA level and down-regulated RANKL mRNA level, resulting in an increased ratio of OPG/RANKL in cultured rat stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio of OPG/RANKL within the osseous environment determines whether bone formation predominates bone resorption. We therefore concluded that the BSBGT formula might be as effective as estrogen in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis through the mechanism of up-regulating RANKL expression and down-regulating OPG expression in osteoblast/stromal cells.  相似文献   

The Current State of Solar Modeling     

J Christensen-Dalsgaard  W Dappen  SV Ajukov  ER Anderson  HM Antia  S Basu  VA Baturin  G Berthomieu  B Chaboyer  SM Chitre  AN Cox  P Demarque  J Donatowicz  WA Dziembowski  M Gabriel  DO Gough  DB Guenther  JA Guzik  JW Harvey  F Hill  G Houdek  CA Iglesias  AG Kosovichev  JW Leibacher  P Morel  CR Proffitt  J Provost  J Reiter  EJ Rhodes  FJ Rogers  IW Roxburgh  MJ Thompson  RK Ulrich 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5266):1286-1292

Data from the Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project and other helioseismic experiments provide a test for models of stellar interiors and for the thermodynamic and radiative properties, on which the models depend, of matter under the extreme conditions found in the sun. Current models are in agreement with the helioseismic inferences, which suggests, for example, that the disagreement between the predicted and observed fluxes of neutrinos from the sun is not caused by errors in the models. However, the GONG data reveal subtle errors in the models, such as an excess in sound speed just beneath the convection zone. These discrepancies indicate effects that have so far not been correctly accounted for; for example, it is plausible that the sound-speed differences reflect weak mixing in stellar interiors, of potential importance to the overall evolution of stars and ultimately to estimates of the age of the galaxy based on stellar evolution calculations.  相似文献   

Evaluation of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Ulva rigida and Gracilaria cornea as dietary ingredients in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles     

L.M.P. Valente  A. Gouveia  P. Rema  J. Matos  I.S. Pinto 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,252(1):85-91

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (GP), Ulva rigida (UR) and Gracilaria cornea (GC) as dietary ingredients on the performance, nutrient utilisation and body composition of European sea bass juveniles. Six experimental diets were formulated to replace 5% (GP-5, UR-5, and GC-5 Diets) and 10% (GP-10, UR-10 and GC-10 Diets) fish protein hydrolysate (CPSP) by each of the three seaweeds. A control diet was used, without inclusion of any seaweed. Diets were fed to duplicate groups of 25 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (IBW = 4.7 g) for 10 weeks. Growth performance was only significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in fish fed the GC-10 diet, whereas the feed conversion ratio increased significantly in those fish. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and lipid were significantly lower in fish fed diet GC-10 relative to those fed the control diet. Carcass composition was similar among treatments, although fish fed GC-10 exhibited significantly higher ash content.The results obtained in this study suggest that the inclusion of G. bursa-pastoris (GP) and U. rigida (UR), up to 10%, can be considered as very interesting ingredients in diets for sea bass juveniles, as no negative consequences on growth performance, nutrient utilization or body composition were observed. On the other hand, the inclusion of G. cornea (GC) should be limited to 5% of the diet.  相似文献   

Biochemical and histological hepatic changes of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to carbaryl     

P. Matos  A. Fonta?´nhas-Fernandes  F. Peixoto  J. Carrola  E. Rocha 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,89(1):73-80

The purpose of this study was to evaluate biochemical and morphological responses induced by carbaryl in the liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed during 21 days to sublethal concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mg L⁻¹), testing also recover for 14 days in clean water, after 14 days exposure. The activities of the following enzymes were measured: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Globally, our data showed that exposure to carbaryl decreased the SOD, CAT, GR, and GST activities, except for the SOD and GST activities after 14 days exposure to 0.25 mg L⁻¹. In contrast, after 14 days exposure the GR activity of the hepatic tissue from carbaryl-treated fish showed significant elevation in relation to the control. When fish were left to recover, a positive response was seen in the GSH and GSSG contents. The results of the recovery group suggest that the toxicity produced by carbaryl is reversible to some extent within 15 days. The liver histological analysis showed differences between fish concerning the cellular vacuolization degree (VD) of the hepatocytes. In fish exposed to carbaryl it was observed an increasing hepatocellular basophilia. No other histological alterations were observed when fish was exposed to carbaryl, except a few necrotic foci at day 7. The sections stained with PAS reaction showed that the vacuolization was always not due to glycogen deposits, thus suggesting lipid accumulation. The combined increased basophilia and glycogen depletion is a common, although non-specific, liver response to many toxicants. In short, this work shows a relation between histological and biochemical changes in liver and carbaryl exposure. The effects of carbaryl were observed at different concentrations.  相似文献   

Capacitation of Frozen Thawed Buffalo Bull (Bubalus bubalis) Spermatozoa with Higher Heparin Concentrations     

A Mehmood  M Anwar  SM Saqlan Naqvi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(4):376-379

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of high heparin concentration on capacitation of buffalo spermatozoa with a short incubation time. Frozen thawed spermatozoa from three buffalo bulls were pooled and treated with either 50, 100 or 200 microg/ml heparin for 30 min. Capacitation was evaluated by acrosome reaction of spermatozoa and in vitro fertilization rate (per cent cleavage rate, per cent cleavage index). Acrosome reaction was induced in heparin treated spermatozoa with calcium ionophore A23187 and staining was carried out with Coomassie G-250 to evaluate the response as compared with control (0 heparin + calcium ionophore). Significantly higher percentage of acrosome reaction (AR) spermatozoa was noted after heparin treatment (36.8-48.2%) as compared with control (8.1% ; p < 0.05) but differences among the three heparin concentrations were non-significant. However, a significantly higher in vitro fertilization rate was recorded in spermatozoa capacitated by 50 and 100 microg/ml heparin (80.4 and 75.9% cleavage rate, respectively) as compared with 200 microg/ml heparin (47.2% cleavage rate; p < 0.001). It is concluded that buffalo spermatozoa capacitated with 50-100 microg/ml heparin had significantly higher ability to improve in vitro fertilization rate in buffalo.  相似文献   

Experimental infection of crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) with an invertebrate iridovirus isolated from a high-casqued chameleon (Chamaeleo hoehnelii).     

Nadine Weinmann  Tibor Papp  Antonio Pedro Alves de Matos  Jens P Teifke  Rachel E Marschang 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(6):674-679

Invertebrate iridoviruses (IIV) have been a regular problem for insect breeders. They have also recently been isolated from various lizard species. An iridovirus isolated from several tissues of a high-casqued chameleon (Chamaeleo hoehnelii) was identified as an IIV on the basis of electron microscopy (EM), sequencing of a portion of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene, and restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. The pathogenicity of this isolate for crickets of the species Gryllus bimaculatus was tested by using 3 experimental infection studies. The mortality rates in the infected crickets ranged between 20% and 35%. The fat bodies of the crickets were examined on cell culture, with a nested PCR targeting the MCP gene, histologically, with in situ hybridization and by EM. Nested PCR was the most sensitive method for detecting IIV in the fat-body samples. Virus was re-isolated from several fat-body samples. In some fat bodies of infected crickets, massive arrays of viruses could be detected by EM. These findings support the hypothesis that IIV from insects are able to infect reptiles.  相似文献