Sodium fluorescein as an internal tracer on the location of bovine urine patches in pastures          下载免费PDF全文

M. R. Gusmão  T. C. Alves  A. P. Lemes  G. M. Bettiol  A. de F. Pedroso  W. Barioni Junior  P. P. A. Oliveira  C. R. Grego 《Grass and Forage Science》2016,71(2):305-314

Sodium fluorescein (SF) was evaluated and validated as an internal marker in cattle for the location of urine patches in pastures. Three trials were carried out aiming at the following: evaluating the effect of dilution and volume of application on SF fluorescence on the environment; testing dosages and duration of excretion of SF administered orally to cattle; and validating the methodology for SF use on the location of cattle urine patches in pastures. The marker was tested in beef cattle kept on pastures under three grazing systems: degraded pasture under extensive management (De), intensively managed dryland pasture with high stocking rate (Id) and intensively managed irrigated pasture with high stocking rate (Ii). Besides the localization of urination sites, the number of urinations/animal/d and the area covered by urine were also determined. The residue of SF remained fluorescent in the pasture foliage up to 34 h after urination events, allowing the location of urine patches by a black‐light flashlight. There was no difference between grazing systems in the number of urine patches/animal/d during the rainy and dry seasons. The average number of urine patches was approximately 11/animal/d. As expected, the estimated volume and area covered by urine varied according to the stocking density. The chosen SF dose (50 mg kg^?1 LW) did not adversely affect the animals when administered once daily during 2 d. However, the same SF dose administered during four consecutive days caused urinary disorder in the animal. The distribution of urine patches was spatially dependent on specific characteristics of the paddock.  相似文献   

Methods of inoculation and evaluation of Erwinia psidii in eucalypt          下载免费PDF全文

H. G. M. Ferraz  G. A. Demuner  L. M. S. Guimarães  D. A. A. Arriel  A. C. da Silva  N. B. Junior  R. G. Mafia  A. C. Alfenas 《Forest Pathology》2016,46(3):240-247

The dieback and wilting caused by Erwinia psidii are emerging eucalypt diseases that have been observed since 2014 in the south and central‐south regions of Brazil. Field observations have shown variability in disease severity resistance among Eucalyptus spp. clones and species. It is hypothesized that this variability is due to genetic resistance. To confirm this hypothesis, inoculations in genetically distinct eucalypt plants are necessary. However, lack of an inoculation method and disease assessment makes difficult to select resistant genotypes for use in commercial plantations or genetic breeding programmes. Three inoculation methods were tested on eight clones of Eucalyptus spp. Among them, inoculum deposition with bacteria‐impregnated toothpick on the axillary buds was the simplest and most effective, capable to reproduce the disease symptoms observed under conditions of natural infection. We also developed a rating scale for disease assessment. Among eight clones tested, only Clone 1 (Eucalyptus saligna) and Clone 2 (Eucalyptus urophylla) were resistant.  相似文献   

A Comparison of Microbial Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Wastewater     

Filipe Selau Carlos  Patricia Giovanella  Jovana Bavaresco  Clarissa de Souza Borges  Flavio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(6):175

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Cometabolic Degradation of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Pharmaceuticals by a Pentane Enrichment Culture     

I. Bragança  A. S. Danko  J. Pacheco  D. Frascari  C. Delerue-Matos  V. F. Domingues 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(7):227

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Search for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella</Emphasis> spp. in ostrich productive chain of Brazilian southeast region     

Oliveiro Caetano de Freitas Neto  Sonia Luisa Silva Lages  Adriano Oliveira Torres Carrasco  Angelo Berchieri Junior 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1607-1614

We analyzed ostriches from an equipped farm located in the Brazilian southeast region for the presence of Salmonella spp. This bacterium was investigated in 80 samples of ostrich droppings, 90 eggs, 30 samples of feed and 30 samples of droppings from rodents. Additionally, at slaughter-house this bacterium was investigated in droppings, caecal content, spleen, liver and carcasses from 90 slaughtered ostriches from the studied farm. Also, blood serum of those animals were harvested and submitted to serum plate agglutination using commercial Salmonella Pullorum antigen. No Salmonella spp. was detected in any eggs, caecal content, liver, spleen, carcass and droppings from ostriches and rodents. However, Salmonella Javiana and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 4, 12: i:- were isolated from some samples of feed. The serologic test was negative for all samples. Good sanitary farming management and the application of HACCP principles and GMP during the slaughtering process could explain the absence of Salmonella spp. in the tested samples.  相似文献   

Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus infected cattle using infrared thermography   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rainwater-Lovett K  Pacheco JM  Packer C  Rodriguez LL 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,180(3):317-324

In this study, infrared thermography (IRT) was assessed as a means of detecting foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)-infected cattle before and after the development of clinical signs. Preliminary IRT imaging demonstrated that foot temperatures increased in FMDV-infected animals. The maximum foot temperatures of healthy (n = 53), directly inoculated (DI) (n = 12), contact (CT) (n = 6), and vaccine trial (VT) (n = 21) cattle were measured over the course of FMD infection. A cut-off value was established at 34.4 °C (sensitivity = 61.1%, specificity = 87.7%) with the aim of detecting FMDV-infected animals both before and after clinical signs were observed. Seven of 12 (58%) DI and 3/6 (50%) CT animals showed maximum foot temperatures exceeding the 34.4 °C cut-off before the development of foot vesicles. In contrast, only 5/21 (24%) VT animals displayed pre-clinical foot temperatures above this cut-off possibly indicating partial vaccine protection of this group. These results show IRT as a promising screening technology to quickly identify potentially infected animals for confirmatory diagnostic testing during FMD outbreaks. Further evaluation of this technology is needed to determine the value of IRT in detecting animals with mild clinical signs or sub-clinical infections.  相似文献   

Post mortem parasitological evaluation of dogs seroreactive for Leishmania from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil     

de Fátima Madeira M  de O Schubach A  Schubach TM  Pereira SA  Figueiredo FB  Baptista C  Leal CA  Melo CX  Confort EM  Marzochi MC 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,138(3-4):366-370

A parasitological study was conducted on 66 dogs seroreactive for Leishmania captured as a control measure of visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Biological samples from different anatomical sites were collected during autopsy of the animals and cultured on biphasic medium (NNN/Schneider). The Leishmania isolates were characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Leishmania was isolated from 80.3% of the animals: 12 animals with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis isolated exclusively from cutaneous lesions, 39 with L. (L.) chagasi isolated from different sites in the same animal, and 2 with simultaneous isolation of L. (V.) braziliensis from cutaneous lesions and L. (L.) chagasi from different sites. Isolation in culture revealed the absence of Leishmania parasites in 13 animals. The results obtained confirm the existence of mixed infections in dogs in Rio de Janeiro and indicate the need to complement the investigation of seroreactive dogs using methods for the parasitological diagnosis and identification of Leishmania species.  相似文献   

Growth performance,robustness against stress,serum insulin,IGF‐1 and GLUT4 gene expression of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed diet containing graded levels of creatine     

Wira Wisnu Wardani  Alimuddin Alimuddin  Muhammad Zairin Junior  Mia Setiawati  Sri Nuryati  Muhammad Agus Suprayudi 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2021,27(1):274-286

The experimental diets containing five levels of creatine supplementation, namely control (N = 0 g/kg creatine), B1 (1.00 g/kg glycine), B2 (0.40 g/kg creatine), B3 (0.80 g/kg creatine) and B4 (1.20 g/kg creatine) were tested to red tilapia up to apparent satiation 3 times a day for 56 days. After the feeding trial, fish were stressed by air exposure for challenge test against stress. The results described that creatine supplementation improved final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein retention. Creatine supplementation decreased blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p < .05), indicating more effective usage of non‐protein energy. Furthermore, creatine supplementation also increased plasma insulin levels and upregulated IGF‐1 and GLUT4 gene expressions in the liver significantly; it also improved robustness against stress, which was shown by higher superoxide dismutase, higher postchallenge survival and plasma cortisol, malondialdehyde and lower glucose levels. In conclusion, creatine supplementation at a dose of 0.289–0.389 g/kg diet escalated fish growth and improved robustness against stress via improving the SOD activity in red tilapia.  相似文献   

Effect of nanoclay incorporation method on mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of starch-based films     

Carmen M.O. Müller  João Borges LaurindoFabio Yamashita 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(3):605-610

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of nanoclay incorporation procedure on the mechanical and water vapor barrier properties of starch/nanoclay composite films. Cassava starch films were prepared with (nanocomposite) and without nanoclay (control) in two steps: firstly the production of extruded pellets and secondly thermo-pressing. The nanocomposite films were prepared via two different methods: in D samples the nanoclay was dispersed in glycerol and subsequently incorporated into the starch; and in ND samples all ingredients were added in a single step before the extrusion. All the composite-films were prepared with cassava starch using 0.25 g of glycerol/g of starch and 0.03 g of nanoclay/g of starch. Control samples showed V_A-type crystallinity induced by the manufacturing process and the nanocomposites presented a semicrystalline and intercalated structure. The nanoclay improved the water vapor barrier properties of the starch film and this effect was more pronounced in D samples, where the water vapor permeability (K^w) was 60% lower than that of the control samples. The K^w reduction was associated with decreases in the effective diffusion coefficient (approximately 61%) and in the coefficient of solubility (approximately 22-32%). On the other hand, the incorporation of nanoclay increased the tensile strength and the rigidity of the films and this effect was more significant when the nanoclay was dispersed in glycerol. Thus, the incorporation of nanoclay into starch-based films is a promising way to manufacture films with better mechanical and water vapor barrier properties.  相似文献   

Transferability of oxytetracycline (OTC) from feed to carp muscle and evaluation of the antibiotic effects on antioxidant systems in liver and kidney     

Antonia Concetta Elia  Valentina Ciccotelli  Nicole Pacini  Ambrosius Josef Martin Dörr  Marilena Gili  Mauro Natali  Laura Gasco  Marino Prearo  Maria Cesarina Abete 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(4):1055-1068

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is employed in fish farms to contest or prevent bacterial infections. We simulated an OTC treatment at therapeutic level (75 mg kg^?1) and at higher doses (150, 300 mg kg^?1) for 10 days. A withdrawal period of 10 days was considered for treated carp, carrying out the same chemical and biochemical analyses (total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and malondialdehyde). The aim was to obtain data related to the carryover in muscle and on variations in the antioxidant indicators in liver and kidney. The OTC residual levels in muscle showed a dose–response relationship. After 10 days of treatment at the recommended dose (75 mg kg^?1), the mean value in muscle was 295 μg kg^?1. After 10 withdrawal days, residues in all treated groups were not entirely eliminated by fish. Residues of recommended 75 mg kg^?1 OTC dose were lower than the maximum permitted by EEC regulation: 100 μg kg^?1. Disturbance in the antioxidant systems in liver and kidney was recorded in (150, 300 mg kg^?1) carp, as well as during the withdrawal period. A lowered superoxide dismutase activity and higher levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione were evaluated in liver, while in kidney only higher malondialdehyde and glutathione S-transferase concentrations were recorded for 300 mg kg^?1 dose. The therapeutic OTC dose exerted lower effects, and only in liver, enhancement of GPx and GR activities was recorded. After the withdrawal period, altered antioxidant responses in tissues were restored for all three OTC doses.  相似文献