The epidemiology of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the Republic of Ireland before and after the reinforced feed ban     

Ryan E  McGrath G  Sheridan H  More SJ  Aznar I 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2012,105(1-2):75-84

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Historical trends in iodine and selenium in soil and herbage at the Park Grass Experiment,Rothamsted Research,UK          下载免费PDF全文

H. E. Bowley  A. W. Mathers  S. D. Young  A. J. Macdonald  E. L. Ander  M. J. Watts  F. J. Zhao  S. P. McGrath  N. M. J. Crout  E. H. Bailey 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(2):252-262

Long‐term trends in iodine and selenium retention in soil, and uptake by herbage, were investigated in archived samples from the Park Grass Experiment, initiated in 1856 at Rothamsted, UK. Soil (0–23 cm) and herbage samples from plots receiving various mineral fertilizers and organic manures, with and without lime, were analysed for selenium (Se) and iodine (I) to assess the effect of soil amendments, annual rainfall, crop yield and changes in soil chemistry from 1876 to 2008. Comparing soil from limed and unlimed control (unfertilized) plots, TMAH‐extractable Se and I concentrations both diverged, with time, with greater retention in unlimed plots; differences in concentration amounted to 92 and 1660 μg/kg for Se and I, respectively, after 105 yr. These differences were broadly consistent with estimated additions from rainfall and dry deposition. Offtake of both elements in herbage was negligible compared to soil concentrations and annual inputs (<0.003% of total soil I and <0.006% of total soil Se). A positive correlation was observed between I and Se concentrations in herbage, suggesting some common factors controlling bioavailability. A growth‐dilution effect for I and Se was suggested by the positive correlation between growing season rainfall (GSR) and herbage yield together with soil‐to‐plant transfer factors decreasing with yield. Phosphate and sulphate fertilizers reduced I and Se herbage concentrations, both through ion competition and increased herbage yield. Results suggest that in intensive agriculture with soil pH control, the I requirement of grazing animals is not likely to be met by herbage alone.  相似文献   

A cross-sectional pilot study to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for leptospirosis in South-Western Victorian dairy herds, 2017     

E Erregger  MA Stevenson  DS Beggs  S Oswin  SP Jagoe  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(9):417-423

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, found worldwide, affecting many species of animals. We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of Leptospira borgpetersenii sv Hardjo and Leptospira interrogans sv Pomona in cattle in dairy herds in South-Western Victoria, Australia. Fifty-three herds were enrolled in the study. Urine samples were collected from 15 late-lactation cows in each herd. A questionnaire was provided to herd managers at the time of each herd visit, asking them to describe the methods they used for controlling leptospirosis, including vaccination. Urine samples were pooled at the herd level and tested for leptospira spp. using real time PCR. Urine samples from individual cows within the positive pooled samples were then tested for Leptospira Hardjo and Leptospira Pomona using qPCR. Four of the 53 herds showed positive leptospirosis results giving an apparent prevalence of 8 (95% CI 2–18) leptospira-positive herds per 100 herds at risk. Based on the 53 completed questionnaires, leptospirosis vaccination programs were not compliant with label directions in 36 of the 52 vaccinated herds: 69 (95% CI 55–81) of 100 herd managers that routinely vaccinated for leptospirosis did not comply with label directions. One herd was completely unvaccinated. Based on our findings, we estimate that approximately 10% of dairy farms in South-Western Victoria are likely to be infected with leptospirosis. While most herds are vaccinating for leptospirosis, most are not doing so according to label directions. We conclude that herd managers need to be better educated regarding leptospirosis vaccination programs.  相似文献   

Onscreen-guided resection of extra-axial and intra-axial forebrain masses through registration of a variable-suction tissue resection device with a neuronavigation system     

Rebecca A. Packer MS  DVM  DACVIM  Stephanie McGrath DVM  MS  DACVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(4):676-684

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Expression of mRNA Encoding the LH Receptor (LHR) and LHR Binding Protein in Granulosa Cells from Nelore (Bos indicus) Heifers Around Follicle Deviation          下载免费PDF全文

RL Ereno  B Loureiro  ACS Castilho  MF Machado  MF Pegorer  RA Satrapa  MFG Nogueira  J Buratini  CM Barros 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):952-957

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Trait perfectionism strengthens the negative effects of moral stressors occurring in veterinary practice          下载免费PDF全文

MF Crane  JK Phillips  E Karin 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(10):354-360

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Infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls          下载免费PDF全文

AS Hancock  PJ Younis  DS Beggs  PD Mansell  MF Pyman 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(10):349-353

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Surgical and postoperative events during permanent fistulation of sheep rumen by the Schalk and Amadon method          下载免费PDF全文

Z Durmic  P McGrath  M Wilmot  N Adams  T Tan  L Callahan  C Mayberry 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(7):234-239

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Survival and plasmid stability of rhizobia introduced into a contaminated soil     

I.V Castro  E.M FerreiraS.P McGrath 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(1):49-54

The behaviour of Rhizobium strains introduced separately into soil from a contaminated site with high concentrations of heavy metals (mainly Zn and Hg), and the role of plasmids in the ecology of these rhizobia strains were studied. Six Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strains, from different sources and with different plasmid contents, were selected. Two of them were isolated from nodules of subterranean clover plants (Trifolium subterraneum) grown in the contaminated soil and four were from an uncontaminated soil. After inoculation with approximately 10⁷ cells g⁻¹ soil, of each strain, survival and plasmid stability were assessed over a period of 12-18 months. Differences in survival of Rhizobium strains were only detected more than 12 months after inoculation. After 18 months it was clear that survival in contaminated soil was greatest in the two strains originally isolated from that contaminated soil, and also by two of the strains originally isolated from uncontaminated soil. The latter two strains were also the only ones that showed changes in their plasmid profiles. The remaining isolates had the lowest populations, and their plasmid profiles were unchanged and similar to the parent strains.  相似文献   

A risk assessment of sulphur deficiency in cereals using soil and atmospheric deposition data   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

S.P. McGrath  F.J. Zhao 《Soil Use and Management》1995,11(3):110-114

Abstract. A qualitative model was used to assess the risk of S deficiency in cereals in Britain. A risk index was generated for each of 6301 soil data points by considering the inputs of S from atmospheric deposition, the content of soil organic matter, and factors influencing the potential leaching of sulphate, i.e. soil type, texture, pH and annual rainfall. The results show that currently 11% of the British land area is at high risk of S deficiency, and a further 22% at medium risk. The high risk areas are in south-east Scotland, the Scottish Borders, East Anglia, the Welsh Borders and south-west England. These agree well with the distribution of reported incidences of S deficiency in cereals. If the UK target for reduction in SO₂ emissions by the year 2003 is met, the model predicts that the high and medium risk areas will increase to 23 and 27%, respectively. Thus, agricultural use of S-containing fertilizers is likely to increase in importance in the near future.  相似文献