Apoptosis and the loss of chondrocyte survival signals contribute to articular cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Goggs R  Carter SD  Schulze-Tanzil G  Shakibaei M  Mobasheri A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2003,166(2):140-158

Apoptotic death of articular chondrocytes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Apoptotic pathways in chondrocytes are multi-faceted, although some cascades appear to play a greater in vivo role than others. Various catabolic processes are linked to apoptosis in OA cartilage, contributing to the reduction in cartilage integrity. Recent studies suggest that beta1-integrin mediated cell-matrix interactions provide survival signals for chondrocytes. The loss of such interactions and the inability to respond to IGF-1 stimulation may be partly responsible for the hypocellularity and matrix degradation that characterises OA. Here we have reviewed the literature in this area of cartilage cell biology in an effort to consolidate the existing information into a plausible hypothesis regarding the involvement of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of OA. Understanding of the interactions that promote chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage hypocellularity is essential for developing appropriately targeted therapies for inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and the treatment of OA.  相似文献   

Isolation by phage display of recombinant antibodies able to block adherence of Escherichia coli mediated by the K99 colonisation factor     

Golchin M  Aitken R 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,121(3-4):321-331

K99 fimbriae are important for intestinal colonisation by bovine strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The mode of action of this colonisation factor is well understood and specific immune responses are protective. K99 was therefore chosen for this study as a model to test if antibodies with anti-adhesion activity could be isolated from recombinant libraries using phage display techniques. Potentially, this strategy could be used to understand better the action of bacterial colonisation factors and aid the design of therapies (e.g. vaccines, purified protein products or bacteria bearing colonisation-blocking antibodies) to inhibit bacterial adherence. The major fimbrial subunit from K99, FanC, was purified from a clinical E. coli isolate. The protein was coated to plastic immunotubes and used as a target for selection of antibodies from the Tomlinson I and J libraries of single chain (scFv) antibodies. Clones able to recognise K99 were isolated by iterative rounds of binding, elution and amplification. scFv antibodies chosen from the resulting panel were purified and their specificity confirmed by ELISA. Pre-incubation of several scFvs with bacteria expressing K99 fimbriae inhibited the agglutination of erythrocytes. Further investigation by microscopy confirmed that when E. coli expressing K99 were exposed to scFv antibodies, the binding of bacteria to erythrocytes was blocked with high efficiency. The study showed that recombinant antibodies were able to block the action of a bacterial colonisation factor and hence that phage display techniques might be applied to the identification of less well-characterised virulence factors and the analysis of their structure and function.  相似文献   

Humoral and cellular immune responses against Type I cysteine proteinase of Leishmania infantum are higher in asymptomatic than symptomatic dogs selected from a naturally infected population     

Nakhaee A  Taheri T  Taghikhani M  Mohebali M  Salmanian AH  Fasel N  Rafati S 《Veterinary parasitology》2004,119(2-3):107-123

Canids are natural reservoirs of Leishmania infantum and have been promoted as experimental hosts to decipher the pathogenesis of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In this study, the presence of IgG antibodies as well as the presence of mononuclear leukocytes reactive to different cysteine proteinases (CPs) were examined in 13 L. infantum-infected dogs (six with symptoms, seven asymptomatic). Cysteine proteinases which belong to papain-like enzymes known as clan CA are the most studied CPs of parasite protozoa. These molecules are expressed by the intracellular stages of the parasite and could be immunogenic. We studied Type II CP (CPA) and Type I CP (CPB) with its long C-terminal extension (CTE) which could be highly immunogenic. We showed that the level of antibodies reactive to rCPA is low in both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. In contrast, when CPB and CTE were used as antigens, the level of total IgG (with IgG2 superior to IgG1) reached higher values in asymptomatic dogs than in dogs with VL. While the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) reactivity was significant when cultured in the presence of freezed/thawed (F/T) lysate, it remained low in presence of CP although always higher for PBMC recovered from asymptomatic dogs. We showed the importance of CPB and CTE in particular as a target of immune response and their potential use for serodiagnosis in asymptomatic dogs.  相似文献   

Alteration in lymphocyte responses,cytokine and chemokine profiles in chickens infected with genotype VII and VIII velogenic Newcastle disease virus     

Mehdi Rasoli  Swee Keong Yeap  Sheau Wei Tan  Hassan Moeini  Aini Ideris  Mohd Hair Bejo  Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen  Pete Kaiser  Abdul Rahman Omar 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease and one of the major causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of virulent NDV genotypes and repeated outbreaks of NDV in vaccinated chickens have raised the need for fundamental studies on the virus–host interactions. In this study, the profiles of B and T lymphocytes and macrophages and differential expression of 26 immune-related genes in the spleen of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, infected with either the velogenic genotype VII NDV strain IBS002 or the genotype VIII NDV strain AF2240, were evaluated. A significant reduction in T lymphocyte population and an increase in the infiltration of IgM⁺ B cells and KUL01⁺ macrophages were detected in the infected spleens at 1, 3 and 4 days post-infection (dpi) (P < 0.05). The gene expression profiles showed an up-regulation of CCLi3, CXCLi1, CXCLi2 (IL-8), IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, TLR7, MHCI, IL-17F and TNFSF13B (P < 0.05). However, these two genotypes showed different cytokine expression patterns and viral load. IBS002 showed higher viral load than AF2240 in spleen at 3 and 4 dpi and caused a more rapid up-regulation of CXCLi2, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-10 at 3 dpi. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CCLI3, CXCLi1, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-1β and iNOS genes were significantly higher in AF2240 at 4 dpi. In addition, the expression levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the IBS002-infected chickens at 3 and 4 dpi. Hence, infection with velogenic genotype VII and VIII NDV induced different viral load and production of cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammatory reactions.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic and Molecular Characterization of the Equine Influenza Virus A (H3N8) Causing the 1997 and 2004 Outbreaks in Morocco     

Mohamed Boukharta  Nadia Touil  Elmostafa El Fahim  Meriame Terta  Bachir Kissi  Chafiqua Loutfi  Mehdi El Harrak  My Mustapha Ennaji 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

Reported here are the results of antigenic and genetic characterization of equine influenza strains causing local outbreaks reported in Morocco, respectively, in 1997 and 2004. The antigenic and genetic characterizations of the equine influenza virus H3N8 are reported here. The highest similarity between the HA1 nucleotide sequences of A/equine/Nador/1/1997 and those of A/equine/Rome/5/1991 and A/equine/Italy/1199/1992 demonstrate that A/equine/Nador/1/1997 belongs to the European lineage. On the other hand, A/equine/Essaouira/2/2004 and A/equine/Essaouira/3/2004 were classified in the predivergent lineage. The present work emphasizes the importance of a national influenza survey program, which requires a collaborative laboratory network to promote the collection and characterization (antigenic and genetic) of equine influenza viruses in real time.  相似文献   

A human genome diversity cell line panel     

Cann HM  de Toma C  Cazes L  Legrand MF  Morel V  Piouffre L  Bodmer J  Bodmer WF  Bonne-Tamir B  Cambon-Thomsen A  Chen Z  Chu J  Carcassi C  Contu L  Du R  Excoffier L  Ferrara GB  Friedlaender JS  Groot H  Gurwitz D  Jenkins T  Herrera RJ  Huang X  Kidd J  Kidd KK  Langaney A  Lin AA  Mehdi SQ  Parham P  Piazza A  Pistillo MP  Qian Y  Shu Q  Xu J  Zhu S  Weber JL  Greely HT  Feldman MW  Thomas G  Dausset J  Cavalli-Sforza LL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5566):261-262

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Mercury's magnetosphere after MESSENGER's first flyby     

Slavin JA  Acuña MH  Anderson BJ  Baker DN  Benna M  Gloeckler G  Gold RE  Ho GC  Killen RM  Korth H  Krimigis SM  McNutt RL  Nittler LR  Raines JM  Schriver D  Solomon SC  Starr RD  Trávnícek P  Zurbuchen TH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5885):85-89

Observations by MESSENGER show that Mercury's magnetosphere is immersed in a comet-like cloud of planetary ions. The most abundant, Na+, is broadly distributed but exhibits flux maxima in the magnetosheath, where the local plasma flow speed is high, and near the spacecraft's closest approach, where atmospheric density should peak. The magnetic field showed reconnection signatures in the form of flux transfer events, azimuthal rotations consistent with Kelvin-Helmholtz waves along the magnetopause, and extensive ultralow-frequency wave activity. Two outbound current sheet boundaries were observed, across which the magnetic field decreased in a manner suggestive of a double magnetopause. The separation of these current layers, comparable to the gyro-radius of a Na+ pickup ion entering the magnetosphere after being accelerated in the magnetosheath, may indicate a planetary ion boundary layer.  相似文献   

Basaltverwitterung und Bodenentwicklung seit dem mittleren Tertiär auf Lanzarote,Kanarische Inseln (Profil Malaya Chica)     

Julia Schüle  Karl Stahr  Mehdi Zarei  Reinhold Jahn 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1989,152(1):105-113

Basalt Weathering and Soil Development since the Middle Tertiary on Lanzarote, Canary Islands - The Profile Malaya Chica A polygenetic soil on tertiary (miocene) basalt in the north of Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) was examined. Soil development was reconstructed, which took place in a semiarid climate since the end of the tertiary period. The interpretation of field and laboratory results (carbonate, grainsize distribution, oxalate and dithionithe soluble oxides, CEC, clay minerals, micromorphology) explained the history of development. Since the miocene at least seven consecutive phases of soil development took place induced by erosion, volcanic and colluvial sedimentation and/or climatic changes.  相似文献   

Soil mapping for land‐use planning in a karst area of N Thailand with due consideration of local knowledge     

Ulrich Schuler  Chalathon Choocharoen  Peter Elstner  Andreas Neef  Karl Stahr  Mehdi Zarei  Ludger Herrmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(3):444-452

For the development of sustainable land‐management systems in the highlands of N Thailand, detailed knowledge about soil distribution and soil properties is a prerequisite. Yet to date, there are hardly any detailed soil maps available on a watershed scale. In this study, soil maps on watershed level were evaluated with regard to their suitability for agricultural land‐use planning. In addition to common scientific methods (as underlying the WRB classification), participatory methods were used to exploit local knowledge about soils and to document it in a “Local Soil Map”. Where the WRB classification identified eight soil units, the farmers distinguished only five on the basis of soil color and “hardness”. The “Local Soil Map” shows little resemblance with the detailed, patchy pattern of the WRB‐based soil map. On the contrary, the “Local Soil Map” is fairly similar to the petrographic map suggesting that soil color is directly related to parent material. The farmers' perception about soil fertility and soil suitability for cropping could be confirmed by analytical data. We conclude that integrating local soil knowledge, petrographic information, and knowledge of local cropping practices allows for a rapid compilation of information for land‐evaluation purposes at watershed level. It is the most efficient way to build a base for regional land‐use planning.  相似文献   

Growth and Survival of Blackslip Pearl Oyster Larvae Fed Different Densities of Microalgae     

Mehdi S. Doroudi  Paul C. Southgate  Robert J. Mayer 《Aquaculture International》1999,7(3):179-187

This paper reports on an experiment to determine growth and survival of blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (L.), larvae fed a 1:1 mixture of Isochrysis aff. galbana clone T-ISO and Pavlova salina at six different densities (1, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 × 10³ cells ml^-1. Larval growth and survival were assessed every four days over a 20–day period. Exponential and logistic regression models were fitted to the growth and survival responses, respectively. Overall growth of larvae fed 5 × 10³ cells ml^-1 was significantly greater (p > 0.01) than growth of larvae reared at other algal densities. The optimal food ration for maximum larval growth was 20 × 10³ cells ml^-1, which resulted in larvae with antero-posterior shell length of 230 m after 20 days. These larvae were significantly larger (p > 0.05) than those in all other treatments at the end of the experiment. Survival of larvae fed 0, 1 and 2 × 10³ cells ml^-1 was significantly lower than that of larvae in all other treatments at the end of 15 days (p > 0.01). Maximal survival (8%) over the 20 day period was shown by larvae fed 10 × 10³ cells ml^-1, while lower survival was shown by larvae fed 2 × 10³ cells ml^-1 (2%) and 1 × 10³ cells ml^-1 (0%).  相似文献