Energy and resource consumption of land-based Atlantic salmon smolt hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest (USA)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John Colt  Steve Summerfelt  Tim Pfeiffer  Sveinung Fivelstad  Michael Rust 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):94-108

This paper evaluates the resource and energy requirements of six different types of land-based, hatchery production systems located in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: flow-through with a gravity water supply, flow-through with a pumped water supply, flow-through with pure oxygen, partial reuse system, partial reuse with heating, and a reuse system for the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Key parameters used in the evaluation include direct energy, indirect energy, transportation energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollutant discharges.Power (electricity and natural gas) and feed energy accounted for the majority of the required energy for all the rearing option evaluated. The sum of the fixed capital and chemicals components accounted for less than 2–12% of the total energy budget for any rearing option. The energy efficiency (energy output/energy input) of the six options ranges from 0.97% for flow-through with pumped supply to 3.49% for the flow-through with gravity supply. The rearing options with the three highest energy efficiencies were flow-through with gravity supply (3.49%), partial reuse (2.75%), and reuse (2.64%).On a kg of smolt produced basis, the six rearing options showed a wide range in performance. The reuse system had the lowest water (2 m³ kg^− 1) and land (0.13 m² kg^− 1) requirements and the third lowest total energy requirement (288 MJ kg^− 1). The partial reuse system had the second lowest total power requirement (276 MJ kg^− 1), a low land requirement (0.21 m² kg^− 1), and moderate water requirements (33 m³ kg^− 1). The partial reuse with temperature control had the second highest total power requirement (657 MJ kg^− 1) and land and water requirements similar to the partial reuse system without temperature control. The flow-through system with pumped water supply had the highest water (289 m³ kg^− 1), land (2.19 m² kg^− 1), and energy requirements (786 MJ kg^− 1) of any of the rearing options. By comparison, the flow-through system with gravity water supply had the lowest energy requirement (218 MJ kg^− 1), a moderate land requirement (0.78 m² kg^− 1), and a high water requirement (214 m³ kg^− 1). The ranking of the six rearing options based capital and operating costs are likely to be quite different from those based on energy, water, and greenhouse gas emissions.  相似文献   

Large-scale deployment of a rice 6 K SNP array for genetics and breeding applications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael J. Thomson  Namrata Singh  Maria S. Dwiyanti  Diane R. Wang  Mark H. Wright  Francisco Agosto Perez  Genevieve DeClerck  Joong Hyoun Chin  Geraldine A. Malitic-Layaoen  Venice Margarette Juanillas  Christine J. Dilla-Ermita  Ramil Mauleon  Tobias Kretzschmar  Susan R. McCouch 《Rice》2017,10(1):40

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The Creative Economies of Texas Metropolitan Regions: A Comparative Analysis Before,During, and After the Recession          下载免费PDF全文

Michael Seman  Michael C. Carroll 《Growth and change》2017,48(4):831-852

With the exception of Austin, metropolitan regions in Texas are not commonly included in research and analysis concerning creative economies—attention is largely focused on either the traditional capitals of creative production, New York and Los Angeles, or emerging, secondary regions such as Austin and Seattle, Washington. This article utilizes an industrial approach to examine the creative economies of the four most populous metropolitan regions of Texas—Austin, Dallas‐Ft. Worth, Houston, and San Antonio—and detail their scale, scope, and change between 2005 and 2015. Results help establish the creative economies of the Dallas‐Ft. Worth, Houston, and San Antonio metropolitan regions in the existing stream of creative research and discussion, offer further perspective on the dynamics and strength of the Austin region's creative economy, and provide insight into how regional creative economies emerge in rapidly urbanizing regions during the digital era. Additionally, special attention is paid to how these four creative economies transformed during the recessionary period from 2007 to 2009. Results of that attention build on prior research which points to the recession having a varied influence on creative economies depending on trends in the broader regional economies that house them.  相似文献   

Tall fescue forage mass in a grass-legume mixture: predicted efficiency of indirect selection     

Blair L. Waldron  Michael D. Peel  Steven R. Larson  Ivan W. Mott  J. Earl Creech 《Euphytica》2017,213(3):67

High fertilizer prices and improved environmental stewardship have increased interest in grass-legume mixed pastures. It has been hypothesized, but not validated, that the ecological combining ability between grasses and legumes can be improved by breeding specifically for mixture performance. This experiment examined the predicted efficiency of selection in a grass monoculture environment to indirectly improve tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) forage mass in a grass-legume mixture. Heritability, genetic and rank correlations, and selection efficiencies were estimated for forage mass in a tall fescue half-sib population grown as spaced-plants overseeded with either turf-type tall fescue (monoculture) or alfalfa (mixture). Heritability for tall fescue forage mass in monoculture ranged from 0.32 to 0.70 and were always similar or greater than those in mixture (range 0.27–0.55) for four successive harvests and annual total. Genetic correlations between monoculture and mixture tall fescue forage mass varied with values of 0.48, 0.92, ?0.31, 0.70, and 0.25 in June, July, August, October, and annual total, respectively. Indirect selection efficiencies exceeded or approached direct selection for mixtures only in July and October (1.29, and 0.73, respectively). Whereas, indirect selection efficiencies were low in June, August, and annual forage mass (0.58, ?0.31, and 0.28, respectively). Moreover, low Spearman’s rank correlations (?0.03 to 0.35) indicated differing half-sib family performance between the monoculture and mixture environments. Results indicate that direct selection should be used to improve tall fescue forage mass in a grass-legume mixture, and support the hypothesis of increasing ecological combining ability by breeding for mixtures per se.  相似文献   

Postharvest UV-C treatment combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), followed by storage in continuous low-level ethylene atmosphere,improves the quality of tomatoes     

Penta Pristijono  Konstantinos Papoutsis  Christopher J. Scarlett  Michael C. Bowyer  Quan V. Vuong  Costas E. Stathopoulos 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2017,92(5):521-529

Mature green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Neang Pich) were exposed to 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C or 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP or combination of 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C and 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP, with appropriate untreated controls. After treatment, tomatoes were stored in air containing 0.1 μL L^?1 ethylene at 20°C and 100% RH. The untreated fruit ripened significantly faster than those of all other treatments. UV-C treatment alone was able to delay fruit ripening by up to 5 days longer compared to untreated fruits whilst the additional of 1-MCP further delayed fruit ripening. UV-C and 1-MCP treatments alone or in combination had significantly slower ethylene production rates throughout the storage period. The fruit treated with the combination of 1-MCP and UV-C was significantly firmer and had higher total phenolic content compared to that of the other treatments. However, there was no difference between treatments in soluble solids content/titratable acids ratio, chlorophyll content, lycopene content and total antioxidant activity. These results show that UV-C and 1-MCP treatment delay ripening and improve the quality of tomatoes in the presence of low-level ethylene during storage. This new treatment could be used to extend the shelf-life of mature green tomatoes through the supply chain without the use of refrigeration.  相似文献   

Attractiveness of host banana leaf materials to the banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus in Ghana for development of field management strategies     

Samson A Abagale  Christine M Woodcock  Keith Chamberlain  Samuel Osafo‐Acquaah  Helmut van Emden  Michael A Birkett  John A Pickett  Haruna Braimah 《Pest management science》2019,75(2):549-555

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First transgenic trait for control of plant bugs and thrips in cotton     

Waseem Akbar  Anilkumar Gowda  Jeffrey E Ahrens  Jason W Stelzer  Robert S Brown  Scott L Bollman  John T Greenplate  Jeffrey Gore  Angus L Catchot  Gus Lorenz  Scott D Stewart  David L Kerns  Jeremy K Greene  Michael D Toews  David A Herbert  Dominic D Reisig  Gregory A Sword  Peter C Ellsworth  Larry D Godfrey  Thomas L Clark 《Pest management science》2019,75(3):867-877

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Development of pull and push–pull systems for management of lesser mealworm,Alphitobius diaperinus,in poultry houses using alarm and aggregation pheromones     

Marla J Hassemer  Miguel Borges  David M Withall  John A Pickett  Raul A Laumann  Michael A Birkett  Maria C Blassioli‐Moraes 《Pest management science》2019,75(4):1107-1114

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Do bromadiolone treatments to control grassland water voles (Arvicola scherman) affect small mustelid abundance?     

Javier Fernandez‐de‐Simon  Michael Coeurdassier  Geoffroy Couval  Isabelle Fourel  Patrick Giraudoux 《Pest management science》2019,75(4):900-907

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Development of enzymes for robust aryloxyphenoxypropionate and synthetic auxin herbicide tolerance traits in maize and soybean crops     

Clayton T Larue  Michael Goley  Lei Shi  Artem G Evdokimov  Oscar C Sparks  Christine Ellis  Andrew M Wollacott  Timothy J Rydel  Coralie E Halls  Brook Van Scoyoc  Xiaoran Fu  Jeffrey R Nageotte  Adewale M Adio  Meiying Zheng  Eric J Sturman  Graeme S Garvey  Marguerite J Varagona 《Pest management science》2019,75(8):2086-2094

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