Efficiency of Coated Urea on Nutrient Uptake and Maize Production     

Nur Mahfuzah Noor Affendi  Mohd Khanif Yusop  Radziah Othman 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(11):1394-1400

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of coated urea with urease inhibitor [copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)], nitrification inhibitor (DMPP), biochar and geopolymer on ammonium, nitrate, Cu, Zn content and crop yield of maize. The treatments were composed of urea alone (control), urea coated Cu and Zn (UCuZn), urea coated with Cu, Zn, and DMPP (UCuZnDMPP), urea impregnated with biochar (Ubio) and urea coated with geopolymer (Ug2). Data showed that treatments with Cu, Zn, and DMPP produced lower ammonium (NH₄) and nitrate (NO₃) in UCuZn and UCuZnDMPP while they had the highest concentration of Cu and Zn in soil and plant tissues. Plots treated with UCuZn and UCuZnDMPP produced maximum N concentrations in grains and yield, with increases by 79.5% and 74.1%, respectively, as compared with urea (control). This finding demonstrates that by slow down the hydrolysis and nitrification process using urease and nitrification inhibitor were beneficial to increased N uptake, ultimately produced higher yield.  相似文献   

Galactooligosaccharide and a combination of yeast and β-glucan supplements enhance growth and improve intestinal condition in striped catfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</Emphasis> fed soybean meal diets     

Amalia Sutriana  Roshada Hashim  Mst. Nahid Akter  Siti Azizah Mohd Nor 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(3):523-533

The effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and a combination of yeast and β-glucan (YβG) supplementation of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus were evaluated. Four isonitrogenous (30% protein) and isocaloric (19 MJ/kg diet) diets were formulated to contain 100% fish meal (FM) protein, 55% FM protein/45% SBM protein, FM-SBM supplemented with 1% GOS, and a combination of 1% yeast and 0.1% β-glucan, respectively. Each diet was fed for 12 weeks to three groups of 30 striped catfish fingerlings (average weight 16.45?±?0.07 g) maintained in circular fiberglass tanks (600 l). Growth, feed utilization, and muscle protein composition of fish improved significantly after supplementation with either GOS or YβG compared to the unsupplemented SBM diet, but were similar to those of fish fed the FM diet. Nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, villi and microvilli length were significantly increased in fish fed the supplemented SBM diets. The gut microbiota ranking profile showed that supplementing the SBM diet with YβG and GOS gave a ranking of Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, Bacteriodetes, and Actinobacteria phyla similar to that of the FM diet. Thus, diet containing 45% protein from soybean supplemented with either GOS or YβG can be recommended to improve the growth and digestive performance of striped catfish.  相似文献   

Influence of silicon on growth,yield, and lodging resistance of MR219, a lowland rice of Malaysia     

Deivaseeno Dorairaj  Mohd Razi Ismail  Uma Rani Sinniah  Tan Kar Ban 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(8):1111-1124

Lodging has limited yield and potential of increasing yield in rice. Lodging could be minimized by increasing the mechanical or physical strength of the rice culm. Silicon (Si) is associated with sturdiness and rigidity. Therefore, the objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects and optimum rate of Si application to improve yield, growth, and lodging resistance of MR219, a popular rice variety in Malaysia. Si, in the form of fertilizer, was applied at the onset of reproductive stage as topdressing. All Si-treated plants showed an increase in number of tillers, number of spikelets per panicle, number of effective tillers, percentage of filled spikelets, and weight per panicle in Si-treated plants as compared to control. Lodging resistance was higher in plants treated with Si as shown by bending parameters. Si-treated plants showed significant increase in flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, and Si content.  相似文献   

Biochar concomitantly increases simazine sorption in sandy loam soil and lowers its dissipation     

Hongguang Cheng  Davey L. Jones  Paul Hill  Mohd Saufi Bastami 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(8):1082-1092

Biochar application has been receiving much attention as pesticide pollution mitigator because it reduces harmful chemicals. However, direct comparisons between the effect of biochar and straw on the simazine fate in soils remain poorly understood. We explored the impact of biochars and straw on the simazine behavior in a soil using a ¹⁴C labeling approach. Biochar was produced by the thermal treatment of wheat straw at four contrasting temperatures (250, 350, 450 and 550°C) and was incorporated into a sandy loam soil. The sorption of simazine in the biochar soil from 83.9% to 87.5% was significantly higher than 43.0% in the unamended soil and 35.7% in the soil amended with unprocessed straw, thus resulting in low samizine leaching from 21.8% to 42.6% in the biochar soil. However, biochar application suppressed the simazine decomposition, which is contrast in the straw soil. Furthermore, the biogeochemical behavior of simazine varied with the pyrolysis temperature. These results indicate biochar application can significantly increase simazine adsorption and reduce leaching, which is benefit to the environmental pollution. In conclusion, the simazine behaviors in the soil are strongly influenced by the biochar properties. In comparison to straw, biochar has potential to mitigate simazine pollution.  相似文献   

Microwave pretreatment: A clean and dry method for palm oil production     

S.F. Cheng  Mohd Nor L.C.H. Chuah 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):967-971

The present study shows that microwave pretreatment coupled with solvent extraction is a clean and dry process for the production of crude palm oil (CPO). The results indicate that palm fruits microwave heated for 3 min achieved oil yield comparable to the conventional and commercial palm oil milling process with an average of 20%. Fatty acid composition (FAC) of the CPO produced shows an increment in lauric acid (C12:0) as the duration of microwave exposure increases. Due to the absence of wet-heat treatment or sterilization process, the resultant palm oil also exhibits desirable and very low free fatty acid (FFA) (0.26%) and moisture content (0.05%). The current approach has also provided surprisingly high vitamin E and carotenes content. The highest concentration of vitamin E (2345 ppm) and carotene content (1585 ppm) was recorded for palm fruits subjected to microwave for 2 min. It shows that under the investigated conditions in the present study, the quality of CPO produced using microwave treatment coupled with hexane extraction possesses superior qualities compared to the conventional palm oil milling process.  相似文献   

Morphology,phylogeny and pathogenicity of Fusarium species from Sansevieria trifasciata in Malaysia     

Yee Jia Kee  Latiffah Zakaria  Masratul Hawa Mohd 《Plant pathology》2020,69(3):442-454

Leaf blight is a common disease affecting Sansevieria trifasciata in many countries, including Malaysia. In the present study, Fusarium isolates were consistently recovered from the diseased leaves collected from various locations throughout the country. Based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), intergenic spacer region (IGS) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1-α) gene sequences, seven Fusarium species were identified, with F. oxysporum being the most prevalent (67.6%) among 34 isolates. Pathogenicity tests resulted in the discovery of pathogenic isolates that belonged to F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and F. pseudocircinatum, whereas all isolates of F. brachygibbosum, F. concentricum, F. mangiferae, and F. solani were nonpathogenic. The results suggest that several Fusarium species are accountable for causing disease on S. trifasciata in Malaysia.  相似文献   

Efficacy of bath vaccination with a live attenuated Vibrio harveyi against vibriosis in Asian seabass fingerling,Lates calcarifer     

Yong Kit Chin  Nurhidayu Al‐saari  Zarirah Zulperi  Aslizah Mohd‐Aris  Annas Salleh  Santha Silvaraj  Aslah Mohamad  JingYie Lee  Mohd Zamri-Saad  Md Yasin Ina-Salwany 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):389-399

Vibrio harveyi causes vibriosis in various marine aquaculture fish species, especially when they are young. The infection subsequently leads to significant economic losses for aquaculture farms. Vaccination is recommended to control this disease. This study describes the efficacy of a live attenuated V. harveyi strain MVh_vhs (LAVh) as a vaccine candidate in controlling infection by wild‐type V. harveyi (WTVh) in Lates calcarifer. A total of 240 fingerlings were divided into four groups. Group 1 was not vaccinated and was not challenged, Group 2 was vaccinated with a formalin‐killed V. harveyi (FKVh), Group 3 was vaccinated with the LAVh before challenge and Group 4 was not vaccinated and was challenged. Bath vaccination was employed for one hour before the LAVh distribution was determined in the fish mucus, gill, liver, gut, kidney and spleen. The gills, livers, kidneys and skins were also sampled for gene expression analysis. To challenge the fish, skin abrasion was conducted before the fish were challenged by immersion with WTVh. The results revealed an extensive distribution of the LAVh in the liver and kidneys of the fish in Group 3 for the first 12 hr, resulting in mild lesions compared with Group 1. Similarly, there were significantly (p < .05) higher expressions of the Chemokine ligand 4 and major histocompatibility complex I genes in the skin and liver of the fish in Group 3 in comparison with other groups. Vaccination with LAVh resulted in a significantly high rate of survival (68%) of the fingerlings after being challenged with WTVh.  相似文献   

Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilussupplementation on growth performances,digestive enzyme activities and gut histomorphology of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmusSauvage, 1878) juveniles     

Mst. Nahid Akter  Roshada Hashim  Amalia Sutriana  Mohd Nor Siti Azizah  Md. Asaduzzaman 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):786-797

The influence of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, gut histomorphology and gut microflora were evaluated in juveniles striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Five experimental diets were formulated by supplementing 0, 10³, 10⁵, 10⁷ and 10⁹ CFU/g L. acidophilus in fishmeal and casein‐based semi‐purified diet. Triplicate groups of striped catfish (21.69 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in 15 fiberglass tanks with stocking density of 25 individuals per tank and fed twice daily at 2.5% of the fish body weight for 12 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and the protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher in fish fed with 10⁵ and 10⁷CFU/g L. acidophilussupplemented diets compared with the other treatment groups. Compared with the control and fish fed low (10³ CFU/g) L. acidophilus supplementation, those fed with 10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/g had significantly higher (p < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility. Inclusion of L. acidophilus at 10⁷ CFU/g diet significantly increased amylase, protease and lipase activities. Microscopic analysis showed that the villi length in both the anterior and posterior gut and microvilli length in the posterior gut increased significantly in fish fed L. acidophilus supplementation at 10⁵ and 10⁷ CFU/g of diet. The fish fed L. acidophilus supplemented diets significantly increased the total lactic acid bacteria counts in the gut of striped catfish compared with the control‐fed group. Based on gut histomorphology and growth performance, inclusion of L. acidophilus at 10⁵ CFU/g appears to have the most positive effect on striped catfish farming.  相似文献   

Genetic parameters for survival during the grow‐out period in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and correlated response to selection for harvest weight          下载免费PDF全文

Azhar Hamzah  Wagdy Mekkawy  Hooi Ling Khaw  Nguyen Hong Nguyen  Hoong Yip Yee  Khairul Rizal Abu Bakar  Siti Azizah Mohd Nor  Raul W Ponzoni 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(1):47-55

The aims of this study were the estimation of genetic parameters for survival rate from tagging until harvest and the evaluation of the correlated response in survival rate to selection for harvest weight in the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain. The heritability for survival rate was low (0.038), and so was its genetic correlation with harvest weight (0.065), suggesting that selecting for the latter trait would have had no effect on survival. The calculation of the probability of survival by spawning season and line, fitting a model that included the random effects of individual animal and common environment, confirmed this prediction. There were very small and variable between line differences in the probability of survival, which generally favoured the selection line. We conclude that the focus of the GIFT programme on improving harvest weight was not detrimental to the survival of the fish during the grow‐out phase.  相似文献   

Improvement of growth and antioxidant status in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus,fed diets supplemented with mushroom stalk waste hot water extract          下载免费PDF全文

Mostak Ahmed  Noorlidah Abdullah  Hanan Mohd Yusof  Adawiyah Suriza Shuib  Shaharudin Abdul Razak 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1146-1157

Mushroom stalk waste (MSW) generated from the oyster mushroom industry is drastically increasing and safe disposal of MSW is becoming a critical issue worldwide. Mushrooms are an established, excellent source of nutraceuticals and antioxidants, and therefore MSW may confer similar effects when consumed. The severe deterioration of aquatic habitat may compromise the homoeostasis of antioxidative metabolism of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, which resulted in a reduced total production. Based on this paradigm, hot water extracts (HWE, 2‐ and 5‐h) of MSW were evaluated as a supplement in fish feed and determined the effect on growth performance and the antioxidant status of Nile tilapia, O. niloticus, in vivo. The HWE 5‐h contained significantly higher amounts of nutrient and β‐glucan than HWE 2‐h (P < 0.05). Four standardized in vitro antioxidant assays showed that HWE 5‐h was a better antioxidant agent than HWE 2‐h (P < 0.05). Tilapia fingerlings fed 5 g kg^?1 HWE supplemented feed produced better (P < 0.05) growth and higher antioxidant enzyme activities than 10 g kg^?1 HWE, CD and BD. Thus, HWE of MSW included at 5 g kg^?1 may be beneficial to tilapia farming and may also provide a way of disposing the waste created by mushroom farming.  相似文献