Estimating Cape hare occupancy and abundance in southern Tunisia using spotlighting data     

Chammem Mohsen  Karssene Yamna  Khorchani Touhami 《African Zoology》2017,52(3):137-146

This study outlines the importance of integrating spotlighting data and occupancy modelling to estimate the spatial occupancy, abundance and habitat preferences of Cape hares Lepus capensis in southern Tunisia. Exploring the spatial distribution pattern of this species is problematic because of its nocturnal and secretive behaviour. In order to overcome these constraints, we used spotlight surveys on equidistant points along tracks to collect presence/absence data. Using a likelihood-based approach, we estimated occupancy and relative abundance of Cape hare populations in three national parks: Sidi Toui, Bouhedma and Jbil. We also combined the three parks in a single area to represent ‘southern Tunisia’ for investigating the factors affecting its distribution pattern. Sidi Toui showed the highest occupancy and relative abundance values (88.84 ± 10.95% and 7.97 hares km^?2, respectively). Bouhedma was also recognised as high-quality hare habitat with occupancy and relative abundance values of 61.70 ± 11.70% and 2.85 hares km^?2, respectively. The lowest occupancy (49.65 ± 26.25%) and relative abundance (2.10 hares km^?2) estimates were encountered in Jbil. The combined parks model suggested that part of the distribution pattern of Cape hares can be explained by habitat quality. Spatial occupancy over southern Tunisia showed a positive relationship between its occurrence and the availability of Poaceae and Plantaginaceae.  相似文献   

Cross-resistance patterns of winter wild oat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avena ludoviciana</Emphasis>) populations to ACCase inhibitor herbicides     

Hamidreza Sasanfar  Eskandar Zand  Mohammad A. Baghestani  Mohammad J. Mirhadi  Mohsen B. Mesgaran 《Phytoparasitica》2017,45(3):419-428

The level of resistance and patterns of cross-resistance to clodinafop, sethoxydim, and pinoxaden were examined in 12 putative resistant and one susceptible populations of winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) collected from Fars Province, in the southwest of Iran. The responses of biomass and length of coleoptiles to the increasing dosages of the three herbicides were determined in both whole-plant and seed bioassays. In the whole-plant bioassay, all 12 putative resistant populations were found to be resistant to clodinafop with resistance ratios (R/S) ranging from 1.76 to >47.04. Most clodinafop-resistant populations exhibited low levels of cross-resistance to sethoxydim. Three highly sethoxydim-resistant populations, F2, S2, and ES4, were slightly resistant to clodinafop. Six populations (M1, M2, F2, S2, S4, and ES4) showed high cross-resistance to pinoxaden with R/S values as large as 10.73 to 40.29. A highly clodinafop-resistant population, M2, was more sensitive to pinoxaden than the susceptible population. The results of the seed bioassay resembled those obtained from the whole-plant experiment suggesting seed bioassay as an inexpensive, rapid method for screening-resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

Biofumigation with Fresh Manure or Brassicaceae Residuals could be a Promising Methyl Bromide Alternative in Head Lettuce Production     

Abdalla A. Ghoname  Gamal S. Riad  Abdel Mohsen M. El-Bassiony  Alaa S. Tantawy 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2017,69(1):29-37

The current study investigates the natural alternatives of methyl bromide on head lettuce plants grown in greenhouse. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings (cv. “Big Bell”) were treated with six different MBr alternatives which are, Biofumigation with fresh cow manure, fresh chicken manure, or Brassicaceae residuals plus Bio-Compost application (using disease suppressive compost) in comparison with chemical control with one of MBr chemical alternatives (Basamid) and finally negative control (which is the standard farmer treatment). Despite that chemical control with Basamid recorded the highest survival rate, biofumigation with fresh chicken manure gave the best head length, diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, total and marketable yield. Also, highest head quality characteristics such as TSS, SPAD reading, and nitrogen content were recorded with biofumigation with fresh chicken manure. Regardless of the superiority of Biofumigation with fresh chicken manure, Biofumigation with fresh cow manure or Brassicaceae residuals showed a better vegetative growth and quality parameters than farmer treatment (control), and they had significantly less effect than chemical control treatment. Bio-Compost fortified with Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis (disease suppressive compost) recorded survival rate similar to biofumigation treatments but were significantly lower than chemical control treatment. Bio-Compost treatment did not result in a good result regarding total and marketable yield head fresh and dry weight. There was no detected significant effect of the studied treatments on stem diameter, L?ascorbic acid (vitamin C), phosphorus and potassium content  相似文献   

Impact of drought stress on yield,photosynthesis rate,and sugar alcohols contents in wheat after anthesis in semiarid region of Iran     

Mohsen Saeidi  Foad Moradi  Majid Abdoli 《Arid Land Research and Management》2017,31(2):204-218

Owing to the importance of after anthesis water deficit in Mediterranean regions (such as Iran), this study has focused on harmful impact of after anthesis drought stress on grain yield (GY), photosynthesis, and some physiological characteristics of wheat. To this aim, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was used in greenhouse conditions in Razi University in Kermanshah city of Iran, during 2010–2011 growing season. Two bread wheat genotypes, “Zagros” (tolerant to drought) and “Marvdasht” (sensitive to drought) were grown in normal water supply condition (100% of field capacity) and drought stress from anthesis until maturity (50% of field capacity). The results indicated that after anthesis water deficit considerably reduced grain and biological yields, thousand grain weight (TGW) and a number of grains per spike (NGS) among different traits in genotypes. Under well-watered and drought-treated conditions, genotypes in terms of all evaluated traits had considerable variations. Water deficit caused more reduction of net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), relative water content (RWC) of leaf, chlorophyll a, b (Chl), and soluble proteins content in sensitive genotype; values were respectively 66.3, 73.2, 14.6, 32.1, 46.2, and 25.6%. Better performance of tolerant genotype under water deficit was associated with a great ability in production of some osmoprotectants as inositol, glycerol, and erythritol sugars. Rather adaptation of tolerant genotype to water deficit may be attributable to having maximum soluble protein, sugar alcohols, Chl content, RWC, gs and Pn in drought stress, and with respect to the results, wheat might not be able to synthesize mannitol. Transfer of gene(s) producing mannitol may cause more improvement of growth performance of wheat under stresses.  相似文献   

Organic and urea nitrogen fertilizer effects on rapeseed and wild mustard competition     

Ruhollah Naderi  Mohsen Edalat  Todd P. Egan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(14):2087-2095

The competitive effects of wild mustard on rapeseed with organic amendments and urea alone or combined were studied for 2 years. Treatments consisted of three Sinapis arvensis densities and fertilizer treatments of composted cattle manure, composted municipal waste, urea nitrogen, a combination CCM+urea, a combination of CMW+urea, and a control. Weed growth was stronger in urea fertilizer and with combined organic amendments than in organic amendments alone. However, application of organic amendments could increase weed competitive ability. In the first year, urea fertilizer alone and combined with organic amendments led to the greatest rapeseed yield, but in the following year, organic amendments alone were able to increase rapeseed yield approximately equal to urea fertilizer and combined with organic amendments. Application of organic amendments alone or combined with N fertilizer could be an efficient method to increase soil productivity.  相似文献   

Improving productivity of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana via induced polyploidy     

Talei  Daryush  Nekouei  Mojtaba Khayam  Mardi  Mohsen  Kadkhodaei  Saeid 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2020,23(4):301-309

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The polyploidy induction using mutagenic chemicals is one of the breeding approaches to improve enhancing productivity of yield and secondary metabolites...  相似文献   

Antiviral activity of titanium dioxide nanostructures as a control strategy for broad bean strain virus in faba bean     

Mohsen M Elsharkawy  Aly Derbalah 《Pest management science》2019,75(3):828-834

  相似文献   

Live Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), challenged with pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila     

Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab  & Mohammad H. Ahmad 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(9):1037-1046

The use of antibiotics to control fish disease is one of the constraints in tilapia farming. Hence, the use of probiotic and live organisms as alternative strategies has received much more attention. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of Spirulina (Arthrospir platensis) as a growth and immunity promoter for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Fish (1.88 g) were randomly distributed at 20 fish per 100 L aquarium and fed a diet containing either 0.0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 g Spirulina kg^?1 diet for 12 weeks. After the feeding trial, fish of each treatment were challenged by pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, which was given by an interperitoneal injection, and they were kept under observation for 10 days to record any abnormal clinical signs and the daily mortality rate. The growth‐promoting influence of Spirulina was observed with fish, and the optimum growth and feed utilization were obtained at 5.0 g Spirulina kg^?1 diet. No significant changes were observed in fish survival among the different treatments. Spirulina supplementation improved the protein and lipid contents in fish bodies without significant differences among them, especially when fed 2.5–10.0 g kg^?1 diet, but no significant differences in the moisture and ash contents were observed among different treatments. The physiological parameters were improved when fish were fed a Spirulina‐enriched diet. However, the highest red blood cells, white blood cells and nitro blue tetrazolium values were obtained at 5.0–10.0 g Spirulina kg^?1 diet; meanwhile, the lowest value was obtained in the control. Total fish mortality due to A. hydrophila infection decreased with an increase in the Spirulina level in fish diets. These results indicate that Spirulina supplement is promising as an alternative method to antibiotics for disease prevention in tilapia aquaculture, and the optimum level of Spirulina in the fish diet should be 5.0–10.0 g kg^?1 diet.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary protein regime during the growing period on growth performance, feed utilization and whole-body chemical composition of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)     

Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab  & Mohammad H Ahmad 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(13):1532-1537

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various dietary protein regimes on growth performance, feed utilization and whole-body chemical composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Twenty cages (1 m³ each) were randomly allocated to a four-replicate experiment to represent five treatments (T1–T5) where fish were randomly stocked at a rate of 50 fish (1.5–2.2 g) per cage. Fish in T1–T5 fed on a 45% crude protein (CP) diet for the first 4 weeks. In T1, T2 or T3 fish fed on 45%, 35% or 25% CP diets for the last 8 weeks respectively. In T4 fish fed 35% CP diet for the second 4 weeks followed by 25% CP diet for the last 4 weeks and in T5 fish fed 25% CP diet for the second 4 weeks followed by 35% CP diet for the last 4 weeks. Diets were offered to satiation and provided manually twice a day in the morning and in the afternoon, 6 days a week. The optimum fish growth and feed utilization were obtained at T1, T2 and T4. Protein efficient ratio and apparent protein utilization were lower at T1 and T2 than those of T3–T5. On the other hand, no significant changes in energy utilization were observed among the different treatments. There were no major changes in the carcass composition except in ash content, which was higher in T3 and T5 only. This study recommended that the dietary protein regime is an important management in tilapia culture, and the protein level could be reduced from 45% to 35% then to 25% on increasing the fish size.  相似文献   

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Unripe Grape (Qora)     

Hatef Bagheri  Mohsen Esmaiili 《Erwerbs-Obstbau》2017,59(3):221-226

Optimization of the extraction and analysis of phytochemicals can improve the production and quality of foods. The aim of this study is to evaluate ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from unripe grape (Vitis vinifera). At first stage, conventional thermal extraction was carried out in order to optimize the temperature (50, 70, 90 °C) and duration (20, 40, and 60?min) of the process (control). Investigations showed that the optimum condition of temperature and duration is 70 °C and 30?min, respectively. Then, grape pulp was treated for 30?min by ultrasound at a fixed frequency of 20?kHz. Results showed that ultrasound application increased the total phenolic content of the samples considerably. In addition, individual phenolic composition of the samples, namely rutin, gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and resveratrol were measured by HPLC. A good relation was observed between chromatographic and total phenol results. This study showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a sufficient method to produce verjuice as a rich and inexpensive source of antioxidants.  相似文献