Economics of Fiber Separation from Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) Using Sieving and Elutriation     

Radhakrishnan Srinivasan  Vijay Singh  Ronald L. Belyea  Kent D. Rausch  Robert A. Moreau  M. E. Tumbleson 《Cereal Chemistry》2006,83(4):324-330

Separation of fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) provides two valuable coproducts: 1) enhanced DDGS with reduced fiber, increased fat and increased protein contents and 2) fiber. Recently, the elusieve process, a combination of sieving and elutriation was found to be effective in separating fiber from two commercial samples of DDGS (DDGS‐1 and DDGS‐2). Separation of fiber decreased the quantity of DDGS, but increased the value of DDGS by increasing protein content and produced a new coproduct with higher fiber content. Economic analysis was conducted to determine the payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR) of the elusieve process. The dependence of animal foodstuff prices on their protein content was determined. Equipment prices were obtained from industrial manufacturers. Relative to crude protein content of original DDGS, crude protein content of enhanced DDGS was higher by 8.0% for DDGS‐1 and by 6.3% for DDGS‐2. For a dry‐grind plant processing corn at the rate of 2,030 metric tonnes/day (80,000 bushels/day), increase in revenue due to the elusieve process would be $0.4 to 0.7M/year. Total capital investment for the elusieve process would be $1.4M and operating cost would be $0.1M/year. Payback period was estimated to be 2.5–4.6 years, NPV was $1.2–3.4M, and IRR was 20.5–39.5%.  相似文献   

Analysis of Alkylresorcinols in Wheat Germ Oil and Barley Germ Oil via HPLC and Fluorescence Detection: Cochromatography with Tocols     

Robert A. Moreau  Xuezhi Fang 《Cereal Chemistry》2016,93(3):293-298

Alkylresorcinols are long‐chain phenolic compounds that have been reported to be localized in the outer layers of the kernels of wheat, rye, barley, and other grains. A sensitive HPLC method with fluorescence detection was recently reported for the quantitative analysis of alkylresorcinols in cereal grains and products. Using this new HPLC method we report for the first time that wheat germ oil contains moderate levels of alkylresorcinols, approximately 800–1,500 µg per gram of oil. We also found that commercial wheat germ oil and some experimental samples of wheat germ oil and barley germ oil also contained three unknown peaks. Upon further evaluation of these peaks it was found that the peaks appeared to be tocopherols (one peak of α‐tocopherol, one peak of δ‐tocopherol, and a peak with the combination of β‐ and γ‐tocopherol), even though the excitation and emission wavelengths for alkylresorcinols (excitation 274 nm and emission 300 nm) are different than those for tocols (excitation 294 nm and emission 326 nm). We also found that with this HPLC system one alkylresorcinol, AR17, had the same retention time (7.6 min) as δ‐tocotrienol and that another alkylresorcinol, AR19, had the same retention time (10.8 min) as α‐tocotrienol.  相似文献   

Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region 16S rRNA gene reveals extensive changes in bacterial communities in the cecum following carbohydrate oral infusion and development of early-stage acute laminitis in the horse     

Michael M. Moreau  Susan C. Eades  Craig R. Reinemeyer  Michael N. Fugaro  Janet C. Onishi 《Veterinary microbiology》2014,168(2-4):436-441

In the equine carbohydrate overload model of acute laminitis, disease progression is associated with changes in bacteria found in the cecum. To date, research has focused on changes in specific Gram-positive bacteria in this portion of the intestinal tract. Metagenomic methods are now available making it possible to interrogate microbial communities using animal protocols that sufficiently power a study. In this study, the microbiota in cecal fluid collected from control, non-laminitic horses (n = 8) and from horses with early-stage acute laminitis induced with either oligofructan (n = 6) or cornstarch (n = 6) were profiled. The microbiota were identified based on sequencing the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The results of the study show that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus sp. and Streptococcus sp. increased significantly (p < 0.05) following OF and CS infusion. Other significant changes included an increase (p < 0.05) in relative abundance of Veillonella sp. and Serratia sp., two potentially pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria. Significant decreases in the relative abundance of presumptive normal flora were detected as well. Although changes in cecal microbiota described in this communication are from a pilot study, it is hypothesized that an overgrowth of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria develops and contributes to enterocolitis, pyrexia and lameness in the carbohydrate overload model of acute laminitis.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of Babesia pecorum sp. nov. from farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)     

Maggy Jouglin  Isabel G Fernández-de-Mera  Nathalie de la Cotte  Francisco Ruiz-Fons  Christian Gortázar  Emmanuelle Moreau  Suzanne Bastian  José de la Fuente  Laurence Malandrin 《Veterinary research》2014,45(1)

The diversity of Babesia species infecting cervids in parts of central and southern Spain was analyzed by collecting blood from farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). Babesia sp. was isolated in vitro from two red deer herds in Cádiz and Ciudad Real. The number of Babesia sp. carriers differed between the two herds: 36/77 in Cádiz and 1/35 in Ciudad Real. Hyalomma lusitanicum was the most prevalent tick species identified on the Cádiz farm vegetation and on sampled animals, and is therefore a candidate vector. The molecular characteristics of 21 isolates were determined by complete (8 isolates) or partial (13 isolates) 18S rRNA gene sequencing. The sequences were highly similar (over 99.4% identity) and 6 sequence types were identified at the level of one herd only, demonstrating a rather high genetic diversity. They formed a monophyletic clade, and members of the three main sequence types shared a similar morphology and the same erythrocyte susceptibility pattern. This clade also included Babesia sp. Xinjiang isolated from sheep in China and Babesia sp. identified in giraffe in South Africa, with identities higher than 98.3% and statistically relevant phylogenetic support. None of the biological properties analyzed for both Babesia from red deer and Babesia sp. Xinjiang allowed their differentiation (ability to develop in vitro in erythrocytes from cattle and sheep, as well as in erythrocytes from different cervids, unsuccessful infection of calves). We propose the Babesia isolated from red deer as a new species named B. pecorum. Whether Babesia sp. Xinjiang and the Babesia characterized in South Africa belong to the same species is debated.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0078-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Nutrient concentrations and NH4+‐N mineralization under different soil types and fallow forms in southern Cameroon     

Lydie‐Stella Koutika  Rose Ndango  Stefan Hauser 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(5):591-595

To evaluate the soil‐fertility sustainability of the fallow systems, nutrient concentrations and NH₄⁺‐N mineralization were determined in different soil and fallow types in the humid forest zone of southern Cameroon. Two experiments were conducted, the first comprised planted leguminous tree Calliandra calothyrsus, planted leguminous Pueraria phaseoloides, and regrowth mainly composed of Chromolaena odorata on the Typic Kandiudult. The second experiment made up of a fallow dominated by C. odorata, a fallow with C. odorata removed, and a P. phaseoloides fallow on the Rhodic Kandiudult, Typic Kandiudult, and Typic Kandiudox. In the first experiment, available P, Ca²⁺, K⁺ concentrations and effective CEC under C. calothyrsus were, respectively, 40%, 22%, 45%, and 15% lower when compared to P. phaseoloides but no differences were found between soils under P. phaseoloides and C. odorata. Mineralization of NH₄⁺‐N was higher under C. calothyrsus than under C. odorata‐ and P. phaseoloides‐fallow types, indicating the impoverishment of organic material under the former. In the second experiment, the beneficial effect of P. phaseoloides was found in the Rhodic Kandiudult in the 0–10 cm layer throughout its low NH₄⁺ release from mineralization. In the Typic Kandiudult, no differences in NH₄⁺‐N mineralization were found between C. odorata and P. phaseoloides fallows. In the Typic Kandiudox, there was no difference in NH₄⁺ mineralization between the three fallow types. According to the nutrient concentrations and NH₄⁺ mineralization, the fertility sustainability of the different fallow types may be ranked as follow: P. phaseoloides ≥ C. odorata > C. calothyrsus > fallow without C. odorata.  相似文献   

Introduction and present status of exotic carp in Africa     

J Moreau  B Costa-Pierce 《Aquaculture Research》1997,28(9):717-732

This paper presents a review of all introductions of various carp species: Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.), but also major Chinese and Indian carp into Africa. The historical background of the present situation of carp culture is provided for 16 African countries. This contribution shows that, despite important efforts at aquaculture and fisheries development, carp production remains at a very low level except in Egypt. Various consequences of carp introductions are also discussed.  相似文献   

ULTRASOUND CORNER     

Charles R.  Pugh  DVM  MS  Curtis G.  Schelling  VMD  MS  Robert E.  Moreau  DVM  Dennis  Golden  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1994,35(1):50-51

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Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.)     

C. Moreau 《EPPO Bulletin》1982,12(1):29-34

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Ethylene in a compacted field soil and its effect on growth,tuber quality,and yield of potatoes     

R. B. Campbell  R. A. Moreau 《American Journal of Potato Research》1979,56(4):199-210

Ethylene (C₂H₄) produced by soil microorganisms at concentrations sufficient to affect root development has previously been identified in the gas phase of anaerobic or partially anaerobic soils. This research was initiated to establish the existence of and to determine concentrations of C₂H₄ in soil in relation to matric potential, oxygen (O₂) and compaction, and effects on growth and tuber yield of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Ethylene initially appeared at the 10-cm depth after 2.5-cm/day increments of water were applied by furrow irrigation for 3 days. Levels of C₂H₄ increased to 18.4 ppm and O₂ decreased to 8% after 12.5 cm of water had been applied in 2.5-cm increments for 5 days. Ethylene was found in two partially compacted plots. High C₂H₄ concentrations and low O₂ levels in the soil atmosphere were associated with reduced top growth, leaf injury, lower tuber quality, and a 20% decrease in potato yields. Since C₂H₄ and low O₂ levels occur simultaneously in soil, further research is needed to identify their individual effects on root and tuber development.  相似文献   

Reaction of lotic periphyton to experimental acidification     

D. Planas  G. Moreau 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1986,30(3-4):681-686

Two hypotheses that could explain increases in the biomass and production of lotic periphytic communities in acidified habitats were tested: 1) a greater bioavailability of P due to its greater release from sediments at low pH, and 2) utilization of S from the H₂SO₄ addition. The experiments were performed in semi-natural conditions by submitting the periphyton to either continuous or episodic acidification. The uptake of P and S by periphyton were determined at different times during the treatments. The increases in P and S uptake, in acidified habitats, are compatible with both hypotheses and could account for the increase in periphytic biomass and production.  相似文献