A comparative study of the seroprevalence of brucellosis in commercial and small-scale mixed dairy–beef cattle enterprises of Lusaka province and Chibombo district,Zambia     

Chimana  Henry M.  Muma  John Bwalya  Samui  Kenny L.  Hangombe  Benard M.  Munyeme  Musso  Matope  Gift  Phiri  Andrew M.  Godfroid  Jacques  Skjerve  Eystein  Tryland  Morten 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1541-1545

A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2007 and February 2008 to estimate seroprevalence of brucellosis and identify risk factors associated with Brucella infections in commercial cattle in three districts of Lusaka province (Chongwe, Luangwa, and Kafue; n = 849) and in one rural district from the Central province (n = 48). A total of 897 serum samples were randomly collected from 55 farms along with animal-level data such as sex, age, and parity. Sera were screened for presence of anti-Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal test, and positive samples were confirmed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the animal level, seroprevalence was estimated at 7.9% (95% CI = 4.4–11.4%) in the Lusaka province and 18.7% (95% CI = 7.5–29.9%) for Chibombo district. Brucellosis seroprevalence varied according to district, with Chongwe district recording the highest compared to other districts. Seroprevalence also varied according to sex with bulls (n = 96) having higher seroprevalence (12.5%; 95% CI = 3.8–21.1%) compared to females (8.1%; 95% CI = 4.6–11.6). Similarly, seroprevalence varied according to age groups, with the age category 1–4 years recording the highest (10.7%). The study recorded relatively low Brucella seroprevalence in commercial farms in Lusaka, compared to the traditional small-scale farms. We suggest that testing and stamping out of infected animals is likely to improve the situation and significantly reduce the public health risk associated with Brucella infections in animals.  相似文献   

Effect of land-use on small mammal abundance and diversity in a forest–farmland mosaic landscape in south-eastern Norway     

Manuela Panzacchi  John D.C. Linnell  Claudia Melis  Morten Odden  John Odden  Lucrezia Gorini  Reidar Andersen 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

During the last century the boreal forests of south-eastern Norway have been converted into patchworks of agricultural areas, clear-cuts and even-aged conifer monocultures. Even though Scandinavian forest ecosystems are strongly influenced by small mammals’ dynamics, the effects of anthropogenic changes on these communities are still debated. We conducted an extensive capture–mark–recapture study to examine the relative abundance and distribution of 11 species of small mammals during the reproductive season with respect to all available landscape-scale habitat types and fine-scale vegetation characteristics.  相似文献   

Cervid herpesvirus 2 infection in reindeer: A review     

Carlos G. das Neves  Swaantje Roth  Espen Rimstad  Etienne Thiry  Morten Tryland 《Veterinary microbiology》2010

Herpesviruses of the genus Varicellovirus are known to infect and cause disease in a variety of ruminant species, but the impact of cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is mostly unknown. Reindeer is a circum-polar species with a total estimated number of more than 5 million animals. Mortality may reach high values, as in northern Norway, especially in calves (37%; 2005–2006), and disease can potentially account for some of this mortality. CvHV2 has been isolated during a natural outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis, indicating an etiologal link. Serological screening has shown that CvHV2 infection is prevalent in Northern Norway and experimental infection studies have demonstrated that viremia, latency and vertical transmission occur for CvHV2. The present review aims at summarizing current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular virology of CvHV2.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of Endometritis in the Mare Based on Bacteriological and Cytological Examinations of the Endometrium: Comparison of Results Obtained by Swabs and Biopsies     

Jesper Møller Nielsen  Mats H. Troedsson  Morten Rønn Pedersen  Anders Miki Bojesen  Henrik Lehn-Jensen  Walter W. Zent 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010

The objective of this study was to compare results from endometrial cytological and bacteriological examinations obtained by two different laboratories. One laboratory used endometrial swabs and the other endometrial biopsies for the examinations. A higher proportion of sterile, cytology positive cases were found in the laboratory using swabs (148/401 [37%] vs 12/237 [5%], P < .0001). In both laboratories it was found that positive cytology was less likely to occur when Escherichia coli was isolated than if other species were isolated. This tendency was significant in both laboratories (P < .05 vs P < .0001).  相似文献   

Inhibition of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and tyrosine oxidation by tyrosine-containing random amino acid copolymers     

Clausen MR  Skibsted LH  Stagsted J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8692-8698

Oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) by lactoperoxidase was found to be inhibited by tyrosine-containing random amino acid copolymers but not by tyrosine. Both electrostatic effects and polymer size were found to be important by comparison of negatively and positively charged copolymers of varying lengths, with poly(Glu, Tyr)4:1 ([E 4Y 1] approximately 40) as the strongest competitive inhibitor (EC 50 approximately 20 nM). This polymer did not form dityrosine in the presence of lactoperoxidase (LPO) and peroxide. Furthermore, incubation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide, as opposed to hydrogen peroxide, resulted in a peculiar long lag phase of the reaction between the redox intermediate compound II and [E 4Y 1] approximately 40, indicating a very tight association between enzyme and inhibitor. We propose that interactions between multiple positively charged areas on the surface of LPO and the polymer are required for optimal inhibition.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of allelic variations at Pina and Pinb loci in Shandong wheat landraces, historical and current cultivars     

Genying Li  Zhonghu He  Morten Lillemo  Qixin Sun  Xianchun Xia   《Journal of Cereal Science》2008,47(3):510-517

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Evaluation of strategies to optimize training populations for genomic prediction in oat (Avena sativa)     

Espen Sannes Sørensen  Constantin Jansen  Susanne Windju  Jose Crossa  Anna Kristina Sonesson  Morten Lillemo  Muath Alsheikh 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(1):41-53

Genomic selection is a promising breeding methodology that could increase selection accuracy and intensity and reduce generation interval. As the cost of genotyping decreases, it will be important to optimize training populations for costly phenotypic experiments for many complex traits. The aim of this research was to evaluate different optimization strategies, by using historical data from the Norwegian oat breeding programme at Graminor. In this paper, we focus on the optimization criteria: genetic diversity, phenotypic variance and genetic similarity between the training and testing populations. The four training population strategies—prediction core, diversity core, phenotypic selection and random selection—were applied to an oat candidate population of 1124 lines. An independent testing population was used to calculate the mean prediction abilities for the traits days to heading and plant height. Moreover, the strategies were tested in three independent wheat populations. The results showed that prediction core was the most promising strategy to select training populations with high genetic similarity to the testing set, high genetic diversity, and high phenotypic variance, which resulted in higher prediction ability across population sizes and traits.  相似文献   

Detection of Glycoalkaloids and Chlorophyll in Potatoes (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Solanum tuberosum</Emphasis> L.) by Hyperspectral Imaging     

Anders Kjær  Glenn Nielsen  Søren Stærke  Morten Rahr Clausen  Merete Edelenbos  Bjarke Jørgensen 《American Journal of Potato Research》2017,94(6):573-582

The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to detect and quantify chlorophyll (Chl) and total glycoalkaloid concentrations (TGA) in potatoes. To create a set of tubers with different concentrations of Chl and TGA, potatoes of four varieties were wounded or treated with red, blue, red/blue, UV-a, UV-b or UV-c light. HSI analyses were performed with a reflection based setup implemented in an industrial potato sorting machine. After hyperspectral analyses, the peel was sampled, and concentrations of Chl and total TGA were determined. Results showed that the HSI system predicted the concentrations of Chl with a relatively high degree of accuracy, and a prediction R² value of 0.92. Prediction of TGA concentrations performed to a much lesser extent, and the overall prediction R² value was only 0.21. Moderate soil covers only affected the prediction powers to a minor degree.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Brucella pinnipediae in healthy hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) from the North Atlantic Ocean and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Svalbard     

Tryland M  Sørensen KK  Godfroid J 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,105(2):103-111

Investigations for Brucella-infections were conducted in 29 hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) caught between Svalbard and Greenland (North Atlantic Ocean; Greenland Sea) autumn 2002, and from 20 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) caught in Billefjord, Svalbard, spring 2003. All animals were apparently healthy and were caught in their natural habitat. Bacteriology on tissue samples from ringed seals was negative, whereas Brucella sp. were recovered in tissues from 11 of the 29 hooded seals (38%), with the highest tissue prevalence in spleen (9/29) and lung lymph nodes (9/24). Anti-Brucella antibodies were detected in sera from 9 hooded seals (31%) (EDTA-modified Slow Agglutination test of Wright, Rose Bengal test, Complement Fixation Test, and Protein-A ELISA). The bacterial isolates all belonged to the genus Brucella according to classical biotyping and PCR analysis based on Insertion Sequence IS711, and were shown to be typical marine mammal strains, based on the occurrence of an IS711 element downstream of the bp26 gene. Their dependency on CO2 for growth, and the presence of one copy each of the omp2a and omp2b gene finally classified them as Brucella pinnipediae. Furthermore, all the hooded seal isolates showed an A+ M+ agglutination profile, which is different from the profile of reference seal strain 2/94 (harbour seal, Phoca vitulina). Thus, these results indicate that B. pinnipediae may contain different biovars. The present results suggest that infection with B. pinnipediae is enzootic in this population. Since the hooded seal is commercially hunted and consumed in Norway, the pathological impact of such infections and their zoonotic potential should be further addressed.  相似文献   

Amino acid status in dogs with protein‐losing nephropathy     

Valerie J. Parker  Andrea J. Fascetti  Brett G. Klamer 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):680-685

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