Application of a compact magnetic resonance imaging system for toxicologic pathology: evaluation of lithium-pilocarpine-induced rat brain lesions     

Yoshikazu Taketa  Motohiro Shiotani  Yoshiharu Tsuru  Sadaharu Kotani  Yoshihide Osada  Tatsuto Fukushima  Akira Inomata  Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(4):217-224

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful noninvasive tool used to detect lesions in clinical and veterinary medicine. The present study evaluated the suitability of a new easy-to-use compact MRI platform (M2 permanent magnet system, Aspect Imaging, Shoham, Israel) for assisting with preclinical toxicologic pathology examination of lesions in the rat brain. In order to induce brain lesions, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated once with lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) followed by pilocarpine (30 mg/kg, i.p.). One week after dosing, the perfused, fixed brains were collected, analyzed by the MRI system and examined histopathologically. MRI of the brain of treated rats revealed areas of high T1 and middle to low T2 signals, when compared with the controls, in the piriform cortex, lateral thalamic nucleus, posterior paraventricular thalamic nucleus and posterior hypothalamic nucleus of the cerebrum. The altered MRI signal areas were consistent with well-circumscribed foci of neuronal cell degeneration/necrosis accompanied by glial cell proliferation. The present data demonstrated that quick analysis of fixed organs by the MRI system can detect the presence and location of toxicologic lesions and provide useful temporal information for selection of appropriate sections for histopathologic examination before routine slide preparation, especially in complex and functionally heterogeneous organs such as the brain.  相似文献   

Oribatid mite community structure and tree species diversity: A link?     

Nobuhiro Kaneko  Yasunori Sugawara  Toshizumi Miyamoto  Motohiro Hasegawa  Tsutom Hiura 《Pedobiologia》2005,49(6):521-528

Differences in tree species may lead to contrasting soil environments via differences in litter chemical quality and physical environmental factors, such as soil type and soil moisture. However, separating the effects of litter quality and physical environment is difficult under field conditions. Both litter quality and soil environment affect the species composition of the soil animal community. A diversity gradient of canopy tree species (11–25 species) located on homogeneous soil substrate at Tomakomai Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University was used to analyse the relationship between tree species diversity and oribatid mite community structure. Soil samples were collected from three levels of tree species richness (high, intermediate and low) with three replicates each, in July 2000. Leaf area index (LAI) was positively correlated with tree species diversity suggesting higher litter input into the soils with increasing tree diversity. However, the tree species diversity gradient affected neither accumulation of litter on the forest floor nor abundance and species richness of oribatid mites. Canopy and understory plant species richness, LAI, total soil carbon and biomass of epigeic and endogeic earthworms did not significantly affect mite community structure as indicated by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results suggest that oribatid mite community structure is minimally affected by tree species diversity and associated changes in litter diversity.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of Noctiluca-killing bacteria from a shrimp aquaculture pond in Thailand     

Keawtawee  Teeyaporn  Fukami  Kimio  Songsangjinda  Putth  Muangyao  Pensri 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(4):657-664

To control harmful algal blooms (HABs), in particular dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans, which causes damage to shrimp production, algicidal bacteria were isolated from shrimp pond water and screened for their killing effect against N. scintillans under laboratory condition. Among 260 bacterial isolates, 10 showed killing effects on N. scintillans. Out of 5 strains showing relatively stronger killing activity, 4 strains belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria group. Among these, strain BS2 (identified as Marinobacteria salsuginis) showed the strongest Noctiluca-killing activity. In the present study, we also investigated bacterial effects against growth of other phytoplankton species. Strain BS2 killed only N. scintillans but not any other phytoplankton (Heterosigma akashiwo NIES-6, Chatonella antique NIES-1, Chaetoceros ceratosporum, Prorocentrum lima, and Dunaliella sp.). Results of the present study lead us to expect prevention of damage by HABs, in particular dinoflagellate N. scintillans, in shrimp farming and mitigation for shrimp production in ponds using Noctiluca-killing bacteria.  相似文献   

Monitoring of chronic wasting disease using real-time quaking-induced conversion assay in Japan     

Akio SUZUKI  Kazuhei SAWADA  Temuulen ERDENEBAT  Takeshi YAMASAKI  Minoru TOBIUME  Kinuyo SUGA  Motohiro HORIUCHI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1735

There has been no report on Chronic wasting disease (CWD) cases in Japan to date; however, there is concern about the geographic spread of CWD. To clarify the CWD status in Japan, we conducted CWD monitoring using real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay which can detect the low level of CWD prions. A total of 690 obex samples collected from sika deer and Reeves’s muntjac in Hokkaido and Honshu was tested for CWD prions. No CWD-positive cases were found, suggesting that CWD is nonexistent in Japan. Our results also indicate that RT-QuIC assay is useful for continuous monitoring of CWD. Furthermore, nucleotide sequence analysis of the PrP gene revealed sika deer in Japan harbor CWD susceptible allele.  相似文献   

Effect of Freeze‐Thaw Cycles on the Gluten Fibrils and Crumb Grain Structures of Breads Made from Frozen Doughs     

S. Naito  S. Fukami  Y. Mizokami  N. Ishida  H. Takano  M. Koizumi  H. Kano 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(1):80-86

The effects of freeze damage on the crumb grain and on the underlying gluten fibrils of baked breads were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sweet and white bread doughs were stored at ‐20°C and subjected to freeze‐thaw cycles. SEM images of grain pore walls that were washed with distilled water (20°C) clearly showed that gluten fibrils forming the skeletal framework of pore walls were cut and became coarse and nonuniform strings and that many knots were generated on gluten fibrils from freeze damage. An increase in the number of freeze‐thaw cycles increased both the coarseness of the gluten fibrils and the size of the knots, although the apparent damage was not clearly detected on the crumb grain with MRI.  相似文献   

The genetic variability and population structure of the marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus in western Japan,as inferred by microsatellite DNA markers     

Tomano  Satoshi  Yasuhara  Shota  Takagi  Motohiro  Umino  Tetsuya 《Fisheries Science》2019,85(6):961-970

Fisheries Science - Identification of the population structure of harvested species is the first step in the management of wild fisheries. Although the marbled rockfish Sebastiscus marmoratus is a...  相似文献   

Relationship between lactational performance and metabolic parameters of Mongolian native grazing mares     

Badrakh SANDAGDORJ  Tserenpil BAIGALMAA  Sedhuu BURENJARGAL  Motohiro HORIUCHI  Munkhbat ENKHDALAI  Davaakhuu BAYANBAT  Dashdorj JANCHIV  Ooyo JAMYANDORJ  Purevdorj ULZII-ORSHIKH  Purevdorj NYAM-OSOR 《Journal of Equine Science》2021,32(3):91

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Effect of plant density on growth and yield of new soybean genotypes grown under early planting condition in southwestern Japan     

Naoki Matsuo  Tetsuya Yamada  Yoshitake Takada  Koichiro Fukami  Makita Hajika 《Plant Production Science》2018,21(1):16-25

Soybeans planted in early to mid-June (early) are less affected by rainfall during rainy season than those conventionally planted in early to mid-July in southwestern Japan. Also, narrow row cultivation is expected to increase soybean yield and save labor for inter-tillage and ridging. Field experiments were performed in 2014 and 2015 to test the effect of plant density (high, middle, and low) under early planting condition on growth, yield, and several agronomical traits of Sachiyutaka A1 and three new genotypes (Sakukei 155, Kanto 127 and Shikoku 15). Early planting was performed in mid- to late June, even though rainy season started in early June. Higher plant densities produced 13% greater yield than low plant density through an increase in biomass accumulation, especially at R5. Among yield components, only pods m^?2 was significantly and positively correlated with yield, indicating that an increase in pods m^?2 led to a greater yield with higher plant densities. The yields of Sachiyutaka A1 were relatively stable for two years, but the lodging resistance should be further improved. Shikoku 15 had greater yield potential and lodging resistance, but its resistance to damping-off disease should be improved. Sakukei 155 with medium plant density produced relatively high and stable yield with less lodging. Although the yield of Kanto 127 fluctuated between experimental years, this genotype showed higher yield potential in higher plant densities with less lodging in 2015. Thus, Sakukei 155 and Kanto 127 with high or medium density may be suitable for early planting in this region.  相似文献   

Cadmium accumulation in the shoots and roots of 93 weed species     

Takuya ABE  Motohiro FUKAMI  Masaru OGASAWARA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(4):566-573

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Estimation of nutrient excretion factors of broiler and layer chickens in Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Akifumi Ogino  Hitoshi Murakami  Takahiro Yamashita  Motohiro Furuya  Hirofumi Kawahara  Takako Ohkubo  Takashi Osada 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(4):659-668

We estimated the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) excretion factors of broiler and layer chickens in Japan, using two approaches and the latest data available. In the top‐down approach, we determined the nutrient amounts in the feeds and those in the products (i.e. the liveweight gain, eggs), and the national nutrient excretions were determined as the difference between these amounts. We then calculated the nutrient excretion factors by dividing the national excretions by the number of animals. In the bottom‐up approach, we calculated the amounts of nutrients in the feed and product per head using productivity parameters (feed conversion ratio, etc.). The differences between these amounts were considered the nutrient excretion factors. The average nutrient excretion factors of broilers (g/day/head) estimated using the top‐down and bottom‐up approaches were: N, 1.40 and 1.87; P, 0.36, 0.50; K, 0.54, 0.77; Mg, 0.13, 0.18, respectively. The excretion factors obtained by the top‐down approach can be used to calculate the national/regional excretions. The two approaches resulted in almost the same excretion factors for layers, and the average nutrient excretion factors of layers (g/day/head) estimated were: N, 2.20; P, 0.55; K, 0.68; Mg, 0.23. The estimated excretion factors for N (only) are smaller than the reported factors.  相似文献