Surgical endodontics     

DVM  Dipl AVDCThomas W. Mulligan 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2001,16(3):186-197

  相似文献   

Do gender, nationality, or academic age affect review decisions? An analysis of submissions to the journal Biological Conservation     

Richard B. Primack  Elizabeth Ellwood  Abraham J. Miller-Rushing  Rob Marrs  Adrian Mulligan 《Biological conservation》2009,142(11):2415-2418

Recent papers have considered whether the present system of single-blind reviewing results in bias against women or other groups of authors in biological journals. If so, double-blind reviewing might be an alternative approach that avoids such bias. We investigated the effects of gender, nationality (English-speaking countries only), academic age, year of review, and handling editor on the decisions made on a sample of 1856 papers submitted to the journal Biological Conservation between 2004 and 2007. There is no evidence of differences in acceptance rates among genders, nationalities, academic age, or year, nor is there evidence for interactions among these factors. Individual handling editors differed in the proportions of papers that they accepted, rejected following review, and rejected without review, but did not show biases based on any of the factors we examined. Overall, we did not find evidence supporting a change in the present review system, although the low rate of acceptance of papers from certain non-English-speaking countries is an issue that needs to be addressed. We believe that these types of audits of the editorial system are necessary, so that all submitting authors feel that the editorial process is fair, unbiased and rigorous.  相似文献   

Photodegradation of clothianidin under simulated California rice field conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Rebecca A Mulligan  Zachary C Redman  Megan R Keener  David B Ball  Ronald S Tjeerdema 《Pest management science》2016,72(7):1322-1327

  相似文献   

Targeting Regional Economic Development – Edited by Stephan J. Goetz,Steven C. Deller,and Thomas R. Harris     

Gordon F. Mulligan 《Growth and change》2009,40(4):673-678

  相似文献   

Abiotic partitioning of clothianidin under simulated rice field conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Rebecca A Mulligan  Sanjai J Parikh  Ronald S Tjeerdema 《Pest management science》2015,71(10):1419-1424

  相似文献   

Characterisation of adult green lacewing (Chrysoperla carnea) digestive physiology: impact of a cysteine protease inhibitor and a synthetic pyrethroid     

Evan A Mulligan  Natalie Ferry  Lise Jouanin  Jörg Romeis  Angharad MR Gatehouse 《Pest management science》2010,66(3):325-336

BACKGROUND: In spite of concern regarding potential non‐target effects of GM crops, few studies have compared GM pest control with conventional methods. The impacts of cypermethrin and oilseed rape expressing oryzacystatin‐1 (OC‐1) were compared in this study on the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). RESULTS: Adults fed purified rOC‐1 showed a subtle shift in digestive protease profile, with an increasing reliance on serine proteases (chymotrypsin), increase in aspartic proteases and a slight reduction in elastase activity. Although there were no effects on mortality, onset of oviposition was delayed; however, once egg production commenced, egg laying and hatching success rates were comparable with those of controls. Oryzacystatin‐1 expressed in pollen showed no detrimental effects. Cypermethrin had no effect on mortality owing to high levels of non‐specific esterase activity resulting in partial breakdown of the insecticide. In spite of this, there was a significant delay in onset of oviposition and a significant reduction in egg production and viability. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential for pest management to impact on predators, but importantly it highlights the ability of the predator to detoxify/respond to treatments with different modes of action. In this case, exposure to an insecticide carried a greater fitness cost than exposure to a protease inhibitor expressed in transgenic crops. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Phytoestrogen content of foods of animal origin: dairy products, eggs, meat, fish, and seafood     

Kuhnle GG  Dell'Aquila C  Aspinall SM  Runswick SA  Mulligan AA  Bingham SA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10099-10104

Dietary phytoestrogens may be involved in the occurrence of chronic diseases. Reliable information on the phytoestrogen content in foods is required to assess dietary exposure and disease risk in epidemiological studies. However, existing analyses have focused on only one class of these compounds in plant-based foods, and there is only little information on foods of animal origin, leading to an underestimation of intake. This is the first comprehensive study of phytoestrogen content in animal food. We have determined the phytoestrogen content (isoflavones: biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, genistein, and glycitein; lignans: secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol; coumestrol; equol; enterolactone; and enterodiol) in 115 foods of animal origin (including milk and milk-products, eggs, meat, fish, and seafood) and vegetarian substitutes using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with (13)C-labeled internal standards. Phytoestrogens were detected in all foods analyzed; the average content was 20 microg/100 g of wet weight (isoflavones, 6 microg/100 g; lignans, 6 microg/100 g; equol, 3 microg/100 g; and enterolignans, 6 microg/100 g). In infant soy formula, 19 221 microg/100 g phytoestrogens were detected (compared to 59 microg/100 g in non-soy formula). Our study shows that all foods analyzed contained phytoestrogens and most foods (except for fish, seafood, and butter) contained mammalian phytoestrogens (enterolignans and equol). This is the first comprehensive study of phytoestrogen content of foods of animal origin and will allow for a more accurate estimation of exposure to dietary phytoestrogens.  相似文献   

Induced responses to herbivory and increased plant performance   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

AA Agrawal 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5354):1201-1202

Plant resistance to herbivores was induced in a field experiment to evaluate the consequences of induced responses for subsequent herbivory and plant fitness. Induction early in the season resulted in halving of herbivory by chewing herbivores and a reduction in the abundance of phloem-feeding aphids when compared with controls. A correlate of lifetime plant fitness, seed mass, was enhanced by over 60 percent for individuals that were induced.  相似文献   

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in yaks. First report and confirmation by identification of sulphurbound pyrrolic metabolites of the alkaloids in preserved liver tissue     

H. WINTER  AA SEAWRIGHT  AR MATTOCKS  R. JUKES  U. TSHEWANG  BJ GURUNG 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(11):411-412

  相似文献   

Comparison of worm control strategies in grazing sheep in Denmark.     

ME Boa  SM Thamsborg  AA Kassuku  HO B?gh 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):57-69

Control of nematode parasites with reduced reliance on the use of anthelmintics was studied in 16 ewes with suckling twin lambs on contaminated pasture in Denmark. Ewes and lambs were treated with albendazole at turn-out 3 May. Ewes were removed from the groups on 26 July, and lambs were slaughtered on 11 October. The animals were allocated to 4 groups of 8 lambs and their 4 ewes. Group TS was treated with albendazole at weeks 3, 6 and 8 after turnout and set-stocked; group TM was similarly treated but moved to clean pasture in conjunction with the last drenching; group US was untreated and set-stocked, and group UM was left untreated but moved to clean pasture week 8 after turn-out. Supplementary feed was offered in June and August due to scarcity of pasture. Strategic treatments of ewes and lambs weeks 3, 6 and 8 after turn-out, with or without a move to clean pasture, were highly effective in controlling nematode infections for most of the season. This was reflected in better weight gains and carcass characteristics in the treated compared to untreated lambs, resulting in an average increase in the value of the product by 36%. The effect of moving without treatment (UM) on faecal egg counts was limited but peak pasture infectivity was reduced to less than 10% compared to the set-stocked group and weight gains of lambs were significantly better despite poor feed availability in late season. The study showed that under set-stocked conditions repeated anthelmintic treatments of both ewes and lambs in early season may ensure sufficient nematode control whereas moving animals to clean pasture without dosing was less efficient. The latter may, however, still be a viable option in organic and other production systems where routine use of anthelmintics is banned, particularly if weaning and moving are combined or a second move is performed.  相似文献