Chironomid abundance and consumption by juvenile channel catfish in plastic‐lined and earthen culture ponds     

Bonnie L Mulligan  Joseph E Morris  Richard D Clayton 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(9):e234-e238

In 2004, research was conducted to compare chironomid larvae populations and their use by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fingerlings in two different culture systems. Over a 4‐month culture period, chironomid larvae densities in plastic‐lined ponds were significantly less than those in earthen ponds. The consumption of chironomid larvae by channel catfish fingerlings was related to chironomid abundance in earthen ponds. The significance of these findings is the possible relationship among pond type, initial consumption of commercial diets and subsequent survival rates of fingerling channel catfish.  相似文献   

Integrating local ecological knowledge,citizen science and long‐term historical data for endangered species conservation: Additional records of angel sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squatinidae) in the Mediterranean Sea     

Ioannis Giovos  Vasilis‐Orestis Stoilas  Sara AA Al‐Mabruk  Nikolaos Doumpas  Philippos Marakis  Mary Maximiadi  Dimitrios Moutopoulos  Periklis Kleitou  Ioannis Keramidas  Francesco Tiralongo  Alessandro de Maddalena 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(6):881-890

Death and Transfiguration of a Triple Junction in the South Atlantic     

M Ligi  E Bonatti  G Bortoluzzi  G Carrara  P Fabretti  D Penitenti  D Gilod  AA Peyve  S Skolotnev  N Turko 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,276(5310):243-245

Three major lithospheric plates-Antarctic, South American, and African-meet in the South Atlantic near Bouvet Island where the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR), and the American Antarctic Ridge converge toward a fast evolving triple junction. A major magmatic pulse has recently built a new, swollen segment of the SWIR (Spiess Ridge) that is propagating toward the MAR at a rate of 4 to 5 centimeters per year, disrupting a former ridge-ridge-ridge (RRR) triple junction. A new triple junction will be established about 70 kilometers to the north when the propagating SWIR/Spiess segment will impact with the MAR, probably within the next 1 million years. The American Antarctic Ridge will take advantage of the MAR/SWIR duel by capturing an approximately 70-kilometer stretch of MAR, whereas the Antarctic plate will increase its size.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the GrazeIn model of grass dry‐matter intake and milk production prediction for dairy cows in temperate grass‐based production systems. 1–Sward characteristics and grazing management factors     

B. F. O'Neill  E. Lewis  M. O'Donovan  L. Shalloo  F. J. Mulligan  T. M. Boland  R. Delagarde 《Grass and Forage Science》2013,68(4):504-523

This study evaluated the prediction accuracy of grass dry‐matter intake (GDMI) and milk yield predicted by the model GrazeIn using a database representing 522 grazing herds. The GrazeIn input variables under consideration were fill value (FV), grass energy content [Unité Fourragère Lait (UFL)], grass protein value [true protein absorbable in the small intestine when rumen fermen energy is limiting microbial protein synthesis in the rumen (PDIE)], pre‐grazing herbage mass (PGHM), daily herbage allowance (DHA) and concentrate supplementation. GrazeIn was evaluated using the relative prediction error (RPE). The mean actual GDMI and milk yields of grazing herds in the database ranged from 9·9–22·0 kg DM per cow d^?1 and 8·9–41·8 kg per cow d^?1, respectively. The accuracy of predictions for the total database estimated by RPE was 12·2 and 12·8% for GDMI and milk yield, respectively. The mean bias (predicted minus actual) for GDMI was ?0·3 kg DM per cow d^?1 and for milk yield was +0·9 kg per cow d^?1. GrazeIn predicted GDMI with a level of error <13·4% RPE for spring, summer and autumn. GrazeIn predicted milk yield in autumn (RPE = 17·6%) with a larger error in comparison with spring (RPE = 10·4%) and summer (RPE = 11·0%). Future studies should focus on the adaptation of GrazeIn to correct and improve the prediction of milk yield in autumn.  相似文献   

"Stemness": transcriptional profiling of embryonic and adult stem cells   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ramalho-Santos M  Yoon S  Matsuzaki Y  Mulligan RC  Melton DA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5593):597-600

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Leaf phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations and net photosynthesis in Eucalyptus seedlings     

Mulligan DR 《Tree physiology》1989,5(2):149-157

Seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden, E. pilularis Smith and E. gummifera (Sol. ex Gaertner) Hochr. were grown in solution culture with 100 micromol phosphorus (P). After eight weeks, half of the seedlings were transferred to solution cultures containing 1 micromol P. After a further four weeks, growth, net photosynthesis and foliar P and nitrogen (N) concentrations were measured. The seeds of E. grandis came from a relatively fertile site and those of the other two species from phosphorus-deficient sites. Growth and net photosynthesis did not change in E. pilularis subjected to the low-P treatment, whereas in E. grandis, and to a limited extent in E. gummifera, the low-P treatment resulted in an increase in net photosynthesis that was associated with higher foliar N concentrations (especially protein-N), possibly as a result of nitrogen being retranslocated from the roots. In response to the low-P treatment, leaf phosphorus concentration was reduced by 50-60% in E. grandis and E. pilularis and by 20-30% in E. gummifera. Of the chemical fractions examined, the greatest decrease occurred in the inorganic-P pool. The data suggest that photosynthesis is not limited by leaf phosphorus concentrations typical of those found in Eucalyptus seedlings growing on phosphorus-deficient sites.  相似文献   

Pathological changes in the mammary gland and biochemical changes in milk of the goat following oral dosing with leaf of the Avocado (Persea americana)     

AL CRAIGMILL  AA SEAWRIGHT  T. MATTILA †  AJ FROST 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(7):206-211

Two varieties of avocado leaves (Persea americana var Guatemalan and var Mexican) were administered to lactating goats. The Mexican variety was without effect. The Guatemalan variety in doses exceeding 20 g fresh leaf per kg bodyweight, produced damage to the mammary gland with decreased milk production. The lesions were characterised by oedema and reddening, with clots in the large ducts. Microscopically, there was widespread degeneration and necrosis of the secretory epithelium, the necrotic cells sloughing into the lumen. There was no significant cellular inflammatory response. Concentrations of antitrypsin in the milk, indicating changes in vascular permeability, increased rapidly 15 h after a single high dose, coinciding with palpable oedema. Concentrations of NAGase, indicating cell damage, increased after 24 h. Goats given multiple doses followed a similar pattern but the initial response was delayed. The toxic principle, and its mode of action in selectively damaging mammary secretory cells, remains to be determined.  相似文献   

Superior check ligament desmotomy for treatment of superficial digital flexor tendonitis in Thoroughbred and Standardbred horses     

IC FULTON  AA MacLEAN†  JL O'RIELLY†  S. CHURCH† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(8):233-235

Summary Bilateral superior check ligament desmotomy was performed on 31 Thoroughbred and 17 Standardbred horses as the sole method of treatment for superficial digital flexor tendonitis. Horses resumed racing between 6 and 19 months after surgery. Horses that were able to compete in 5 or more races without injury to the tendon again were considered to have had a successful return to racing. Twenty-five Thoroughbreds were suitable for later study and 13 of these (52%) raced on 5 or more occasions. Fifteen Standardbreds were suitable for later study and 10 of these (66%) raced on 5 or more occasions. Within the racing industry it is generally thought that about 20 to 30% of horses with superficial digital flexor tendonitis can return to racing after a prolonged rest. The results of this study suggest that bilateral superior check ligament desmotomy may improve the prognosis for a horse returning to racing after injury to the superficial digital flexor tendon.  相似文献   

Relationship between Daily Milk Yield and Persistency of Hungarian Holstein Friesian through Selection Index and Sub-indices     

AA Amin  S Töth  T Gere 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1997,32(4):207-212

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Phenylbutazone in racing Greyhounds: plasma and urinary residues 24 and 48 hours after a single intravenous administration     

PC MILLS  JC NG†  KV SKELTON†  AA SEAWRIGHT  DE AUER† 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(8):304-308

SUMMARY The concentrations of phenylbutazone (PBZ), oxyphenbutazone (OPBZ) and gammahydroxyphenylbutazone (OHPBZ) in plasma and urine from 50 Greyhounds 24 and 48 h after the intravenous administration of a single dose of PBZ (30 mg/kg) were measured. The 24 h plasma concentrations of OPBZ and OHPBZ, the 48 h plasma concentration of OHPBZ and the 24 h urinary concentration of PBZ were normally distributed, while log transformations were required before the 24 h plasma concentration of PBZ and the 24 and 48 h urinary concentrations of OPBZ and OHPBZ became normally distributed. The 95%, 99%, 99.9% and 99.99% upper predicted confidence intervals for both 24 h and 48 h plasma and urinary concentrations demonstrated wide potential variation in the concentration of the analytes should PBZ be administered to Greyhounds. The 24 h plasma and urinary concentrations of PBZ were weakly correlated, but no similar relationship existed for OPBZ or OHPBZ. The urinary concentrations of each analyte were not affected by the trainer or sex of the Greyhound or the urinary pH. We conclude that it would be impossible to predict the timing of the PBZ administration or the plasma concentration of PBZ from the measurement of the concentration of PBZ in a single sample of urine.  相似文献